Articles | Volume 15, issue 16
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4883-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4883-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| 
17 Aug 2018
Research article |
| 17 Aug 2018
| 17 Aug 2018
Experimental assessment of the sensitivity of an estuarine phytoplankton fall bloom to acidification and warming
Département de biologie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la
Médecine, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
Maurice Levasseur
Département de biologie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la
Médecine, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
Michael Scarratt
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, P.O. Box
1000, Mont-Joli, Québec G5H 3Z4, Canada
Marie-Amélie Blais
Département de biologie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la
Médecine, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
Alfonso Mucci
Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, McGill University, 3450
University Street, Montréal, Québec H3A 2A7, Canada
Gustavo Ferreyra
Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du
Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec
G5L 3A1, Canada
Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas (CADIC), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Bernardo Houssay 200, 9410 Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego,
Argentina
Michel Starr
Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Maurice Lamontagne Institute, P.O. Box
1000, Mont-Joli, Québec G5H 3Z4, Canada
Michel Gosselin
Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du
Québec à Rimouski, 310 allée des Ursulines, Rimouski, Québec
G5L 3A1, Canada
Jean-Éric Tremblay
Département de biologie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la
Médecine, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
Martine Lizotte
Département de biologie, Université Laval, 1045 avenue de la
Médecine, Québec, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada
Related authors
Robin Bénard, Maurice Levasseur, Michael Scarratt, Sonia Michaud, Michel Starr, Alfonso Mucci, Gustavo Ferreyra, Michel Gosselin, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Martine Lizotte, and Gui-Peng Yang
Biogeosciences, 16, 1167–1185, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1167-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1167-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present rare data on the combined effects of acidification and warming on dimethylsulfide (DMS) during a mesocosm experiment. Our results show a reduction of DMS under elevated pCO2, but warming the mesocosms by 5 °C translated into a positive offset in concentrations of DMS over the whole range of pCO2 tested. Our results suggest that warming could mitigate the expected reduction in DMS production due to OA, even increasing the net DMS production, with possible repercussions for the climate.
Nicolas Schiffrine, Fatma Dhifallah, Kaven Dionne, Michel Poulin, Sylvie Lessard, André Rochon, and Michel Gosselin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-19, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-2024-19, 2024
Preprint under review for ESSD
Short summary
Short summary
Growing concern arises in the Arctic Ocean as toxic/harmful phytoplankton emerges due to climate change. The potential surge in these occurrences threatens both human health and the Arctic ecosystem. Our ongoing research yields insights into spatial patterns and biodiversity, challenging the belief that the Arctic is unsuitable for toxic/harmful algal events. This work underscores the need to comprehend and address the ecological impact of these emerging species in the Arctic environment.
Hannah Sharpe, Michel Gosselin, Catherine Lalande, Alexandre Normandeau, Jean-Carlos Montero-Serrano, Khouloud Baccara, Daniel Bourgault, Owen Sherwood, and Audrey Limoges
Biogeosciences, 20, 4981–5001, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4981-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4981-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the impact of submarine canyon processes within the Pointe-des-Monts system on biogenic matter export and phytoplankton assemblages. Using data from three oceanographic moorings, we show that the canyon experienced two low-amplitude sediment remobilization events in 2020–2021 that led to enhanced particle fluxes in the deep-water column layer > 2.6 km offshore. Sinking phytoplankton fluxes were lower near the canyon compared to background values from the lower St. Lawrence Estuary.
Olivia Gibb, Frédéric Cyr, Kumiko Azetsu-Scott, Joël Chassé, Darlene Childs, Carrie-Ellen Gabriel, Peter S. Galbraith, Gary Maillet, Pierre Pepin, Stephen Punshon, and Michel Starr
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 4127–4162, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4127-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-4127-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The ocean absorbs large quantities of carbon dioxide (CO2) released into the atmosphere as a result of the burning of fossil fuels. This, in turn, causes ocean acidification, which poses a major threat to global ocean ecosystems. In this study, we compiled 9 years (2014–2022) of ocean carbonate data (i.e., ocean acidification parameters) collected in Atlantic Canada as part of the Atlantic Zone Monitoring Program.
Zhibo Shao, Yangchun Xu, Hua Wang, Weicheng Luo, Lice Wang, Yuhong Huang, Nona Sheila R. Agawin, Ayaz Ahmed, Mar Benavides, Mikkel Bentzon-Tilia, Ilana Berman-Frank, Hugo Berthelot, Isabelle C. Biegala, Mariana B. Bif, Antonio Bode, Sophie Bonnet, Deborah A. Bronk, Mark V. Brown, Lisa Campbell, Douglas G. Capone, Edward J. Carpenter, Nicolas Cassar, Bonnie X. Chang, Dreux Chappell, Yuh-ling Lee Chen, Matthew J. Church, Francisco M. Cornejo-Castillo, Amália Maria Sacilotto Detoni, Scott C. Doney, Cecile Dupouy, Marta Estrada, Camila Fernandez, Bieito Fernández-Castro, Debany Fonseca-Batista, Rachel A. Foster, Ken Furuya, Nicole Garcia, Kanji Goto, Jesús Gago, Mary R. Gradoville, M. Robert Hamersley, Britt A. Henke, Cora Hörstmann, Amal Jayakumar, Zhibing Jiang, Shuh-Ji Kao, David M. Karl, Leila R. Kittu, Angela N. Knapp, Sanjeev Kumar, Julie LaRoche, Hongbin Liu, Jiaxing Liu, Caroline Lory, Carolin R. Löscher, Emilio Marañón, Lauren F. Messer, Matthew M. Mills, Wiebke Mohr, Pia H. Moisander, Claire Mahaffey, Robert Moore, Beatriz Mouriño-Carballido, Margaret R. Mulholland, Shin-ichiro Nakaoka, Joseph A. Needoba, Eric J. Raes, Eyal Rahav, Teodoro Ramírez-Cárdenas, Christian Furbo Reeder, Lasse Riemann, Virginie Riou, Julie C. Robidart, Vedula V. S. S. Sarma, Takuya Sato, Himanshu Saxena, Corday Selden, Justin R. Seymour, Dalin Shi, Takuhei Shiozaki, Arvind Singh, Rachel E. Sipler, Jun Sun, Koji Suzuki, Kazutaka Takahashi, Yehui Tan, Weiyi Tang, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Kendra Turk-Kubo, Zuozhu Wen, Angelicque E. White, Samuel T. Wilson, Takashi Yoshida, Jonathan P. Zehr, Run Zhang, Yao Zhang, and Ya-Wei Luo
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 3673–3709, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3673-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-3673-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
N2 fixation by marine diazotrophs is an important bioavailable N source to the global ocean. This updated global oceanic diazotroph database increases the number of in situ measurements of N2 fixation rates, diazotrophic cell abundances, and nifH gene copy abundances by 184 %, 86 %, and 809 %, respectively. Using the updated database, the global marine N2 fixation rate is estimated at 223 ± 30 Tg N yr−1, which triplicates that using the original database.
Martine Lizotte, Bennet Juhls, Atsushi Matsuoka, Philippe Massicotte, Gaëlle Mével, David Obie James Anikina, Sofia Antonova, Guislain Bécu, Marine Béguin, Simon Bélanger, Thomas Bossé-Demers, Lisa Bröder, Flavienne Bruyant, Gwénaëlle Chaillou, Jérôme Comte, Raoul-Marie Couture, Emmanuel Devred, Gabrièle Deslongchamps, Thibaud Dezutter, Miles Dillon, David Doxaran, Aude Flamand, Frank Fell, Joannie Ferland, Marie-Hélène Forget, Michael Fritz, Thomas J. Gordon, Caroline Guilmette, Andrea Hilborn, Rachel Hussherr, Charlotte Irish, Fabien Joux, Lauren Kipp, Audrey Laberge-Carignan, Hugues Lantuit, Edouard Leymarie, Antonio Mannino, Juliette Maury, Paul Overduin, Laurent Oziel, Colin Stedmon, Crystal Thomas, Lucas Tisserand, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Jorien Vonk, Dustin Whalen, and Marcel Babin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 15, 1617–1653, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1617-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-15-1617-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Permafrost thaw in the Mackenzie Delta region results in the release of organic matter into the coastal marine environment. What happens to this carbon-rich organic matter as it transits along the fresh to salty aquatic environments is still underdocumented. Four expeditions were conducted from April to September 2019 in the coastal area of the Beaufort Sea to study the fate of organic matter. This paper describes a rich set of data characterizing the composition and sources of organic matter.
Mathilde Jutras, Alfonso Mucci, Gwenaëlle Chaillou, William A. Nesbitt, and Douglas W. R. Wallace
Biogeosciences, 20, 839–849, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-839-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-839-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The deep waters of the lower St Lawrence Estuary and gulf have, in the last decades, experienced a strong decline in their oxygen concentration. Below 65 µmol L-1, the waters are said to be hypoxic, with dire consequences for marine life. We show that the extent of the hypoxic zone shows a seven-fold increase in the last 20 years, reaching 9400 km2 in 2021. After a stable period at ~ 65 µmol L⁻¹ from 1984 to 2019, the oxygen level also suddenly decreased to ~ 35 µmol L-1 in 2020.
Flavienne Bruyant, Rémi Amiraux, Marie-Pier Amyot, Philippe Archambault, Lise Artigue, Lucas Barbedo de Freitas, Guislain Bécu, Simon Bélanger, Pascaline Bourgain, Annick Bricaud, Etienne Brouard, Camille Brunet, Tonya Burgers, Danielle Caleb, Katrine Chalut, Hervé Claustre, Véronique Cornet-Barthaux, Pierre Coupel, Marine Cusa, Fanny Cusset, Laeticia Dadaglio, Marty Davelaar, Gabrièle Deslongchamps, Céline Dimier, Julie Dinasquet, Dany Dumont, Brent Else, Igor Eulaers, Joannie Ferland, Gabrielle Filteau, Marie-Hélène Forget, Jérome Fort, Louis Fortier, Martí Galí, Morgane Gallinari, Svend-Erik Garbus, Nicole Garcia, Catherine Gérikas Ribeiro, Colline Gombault, Priscilla Gourvil, Clémence Goyens, Cindy Grant, Pierre-Luc Grondin, Pascal Guillot, Sandrine Hillion, Rachel Hussherr, Fabien Joux, Hannah Joy-Warren, Gabriel Joyal, David Kieber, Augustin Lafond, José Lagunas, Patrick Lajeunesse, Catherine Lalande, Jade Larivière, Florence Le Gall, Karine Leblanc, Mathieu Leblanc, Justine Legras, Keith Lévesque, Kate-M. Lewis, Edouard Leymarie, Aude Leynaert, Thomas Linkowski, Martine Lizotte, Adriana Lopes dos Santos, Claudie Marec, Dominique Marie, Guillaume Massé, Philippe Massicotte, Atsushi Matsuoka, Lisa A. Miller, Sharif Mirshak, Nathalie Morata, Brivaela Moriceau, Philippe-Israël Morin, Simon Morisset, Anders Mosbech, Alfonso Mucci, Gabrielle Nadaï, Christian Nozais, Ingrid Obernosterer, Thimoté Paire, Christos Panagiotopoulos, Marie Parenteau, Noémie Pelletier, Marc Picheral, Bernard Quéguiner, Patrick Raimbault, Joséphine Ras, Eric Rehm, Llúcia Ribot Lacosta, Jean-François Rontani, Blanche Saint-Béat, Julie Sansoulet, Noé Sardet, Catherine Schmechtig, Antoine Sciandra, Richard Sempéré, Caroline Sévigny, Jordan Toullec, Margot Tragin, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Annie-Pier Trottier, Daniel Vaulot, Anda Vladoiu, Lei Xue, Gustavo Yunda-Guarin, and Marcel Babin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 14, 4607–4642, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4607-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4607-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents a dataset acquired during a research cruise held in Baffin Bay in 2016. We observed that the disappearance of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean increases both the length and spatial extent of the phytoplankton growth season. In the future, this will impact the food webs on which the local populations depend for their food supply and fisheries. This dataset will provide insight into quantifying these impacts and help the decision-making process for policymakers.
Bjorn Sundby, Pierre Anschutz, Pascal Lecroart, and Alfonso Mucci
Biogeosciences, 19, 1421–1434, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1421-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1421-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A glacial–interglacial methane-fuelled redistribution of reactive phosphorus between the oceanic and sedimentary phosphorus reservoirs can occur in the ocean when falling sea level lowers the pressure on the seafloor, destabilizes methane hydrates, and triggers the dissolution of P-bearing iron oxides. The mass of phosphate potentially mobilizable from the sediment is similar to the size of the current oceanic reservoir. Hence, this process may play a major role in the marine phosphorus cycle.
Cynthia Evelyn Bluteau, Peter S. Galbraith, Daniel Bourgault, Vincent Villeneuve, and Jean-Éric Tremblay
Ocean Sci., 17, 1509–1525, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1509-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-17-1509-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In 2018, the Canadian Coast Guard approved a science team to sample in tandem with its ice-breaking and ship escorting operations. This collaboration provided the first mixing observations during winter that covered the largest spatial extent of the St. Lawrence Estuary and the Gulf of St. Lawrence ever measured in any season. Contrary to previous assumptions, we demonstrate that fluvial nitrate inputs from upstream (i.e., Great Lakes) are the most significant source of nitrate in the estuary.
Philippe Massicotte, Rainer M. W. Amon, David Antoine, Philippe Archambault, Sergio Balzano, Simon Bélanger, Ronald Benner, Dominique Boeuf, Annick Bricaud, Flavienne Bruyant, Gwenaëlle Chaillou, Malik Chami, Bruno Charrière, Jing Chen, Hervé Claustre, Pierre Coupel, Nicole Delsaut, David Doxaran, Jens Ehn, Cédric Fichot, Marie-Hélène Forget, Pingqing Fu, Jonathan Gagnon, Nicole Garcia, Beat Gasser, Jean-François Ghiglione, Gaby Gorsky, Michel Gosselin, Priscillia Gourvil, Yves Gratton, Pascal Guillot, Hermann J. Heipieper, Serge Heussner, Stanford B. Hooker, Yannick Huot, Christian Jeanthon, Wade Jeffrey, Fabien Joux, Kimitaka Kawamura, Bruno Lansard, Edouard Leymarie, Heike Link, Connie Lovejoy, Claudie Marec, Dominique Marie, Johannie Martin, Jacobo Martín, Guillaume Massé, Atsushi Matsuoka, Vanessa McKague, Alexandre Mignot, William L. Miller, Juan-Carlos Miquel, Alfonso Mucci, Kaori Ono, Eva Ortega-Retuerta, Christos Panagiotopoulos, Tim Papakyriakou, Marc Picheral, Louis Prieur, Patrick Raimbault, Joséphine Ras, Rick A. Reynolds, André Rochon, Jean-François Rontani, Catherine Schmechtig, Sabine Schmidt, Richard Sempéré, Yuan Shen, Guisheng Song, Dariusz Stramski, Eri Tachibana, Alexandre Thirouard, Imma Tolosa, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Mickael Vaïtilingom, Daniel Vaulot, Frédéric Vaultier, John K. Volkman, Huixiang Xie, Guangming Zheng, and Marcel Babin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 1561–1592, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1561-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-1561-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The MALINA oceanographic expedition was conducted in the Mackenzie River and the Beaufort Sea systems. The sampling was performed across seven shelf–basin transects to capture the meridional gradient between the estuary and the open ocean. The main goal of this research program was to better understand how processes such as primary production are influencing the fate of organic matter originating from the surrounding terrestrial landscape during its transition toward the Arctic Ocean.
Chantal Mears, Helmuth Thomas, Paul B. Henderson, Matthew A. Charette, Hugh MacIntyre, Frank Dehairs, Christophe Monnin, and Alfonso Mucci
Biogeosciences, 17, 4937–4959, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4937-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4937-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Major research initiatives have been undertaken within the Arctic Ocean, highlighting this area's global importance and vulnerability to climate change. In 2015, the international GEOTRACES program addressed this importance by devoting intense research activities to the Arctic Ocean. Among various tracers, we used radium and carbonate system data to elucidate the functioning and vulnerability of the hydrographic regime of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, bridging the Pacific and Atlantic oceans.
Alexis Beaupré-Laperrière, Alfonso Mucci, and Helmuth Thomas
Biogeosciences, 17, 3923–3942, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3923-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3923-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean acidification is the process by which the oceans are changing due to carbon dioxide emissions from human activities. Studying this process in the Arctic Ocean is essential as this ocean and its ecosystems are more vulnerable to the effects of acidification. Water chemistry measurements made in recent years show that waters in and around the Canadian Arctic Archipelago are considerably affected by this process and show dynamic conditions that might have an impact on local marine organisms.
Mathieu Casado, Gwenaëlle Gremion, Paul Rosenbaum, Jilda Alicia Caccavo, Kelsey Aho, Nicolas Champollion, Sarah L. Connors, Adrian Dahood, Alfonso Fernandez, Martine Lizotte, Katja Mintenbeck, Elvira Poloczanska, and Gerlis Fugmann
Geosci. Commun., 3, 89–97, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-3-89-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-3-89-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Early-career scientists (ECSs) are rarely invited to act as peer reviewers. Participating in a group peer review of the IPCC Special Report on Ocean and Cryosphere in a Changing Climate, PhD students spent more time reviewing than more established scientists and provided a similar proportion of substantive comments. By soliciting and including ECSs in peer review, the scientific community would reduce the burden on more established scientists and may improve the quality of that process.
Martine Lizotte, Maurice Levasseur, Virginie Galindo, Margaux Gourdal, Michel Gosselin, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Marjolaine Blais, Joannie Charette, and Rachel Hussherr
Biogeosciences, 17, 1557–1581, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1557-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1557-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study brings further support to the premise that the prevalence of younger and thinner icescapes over older and thicker ones in the Canadian High Arctic favors the early development of under-ice microorganisms as well as their production of the climate-relevant gas dimethylsulfide (DMS). Given the rapid rate of climate-driven changes in Arctic sea ice, our results suggest implications for the timing and magnitude of DMS pulses in the Arctic, with ramifications for climate forecasting.
Louise Delaigue, Helmuth Thomas, and Alfonso Mucci
Biogeosciences, 17, 547–566, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-547-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-547-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reports on the first compilation and analysis of the surface water pCO2 distribution in the Saguenay Fjord, the southernmost subarctic fjord in the Northern Hemisphere, and thus fills a significant knowledge gap in current regional estimates of estuarine CO2 emissions.
Philippe Massicotte, Rémi Amiraux, Marie-Pier Amyot, Philippe Archambault, Mathieu Ardyna, Laurent Arnaud, Lise Artigue, Cyril Aubry, Pierre Ayotte, Guislain Bécu, Simon Bélanger, Ronald Benner, Henry C. Bittig, Annick Bricaud, Éric Brossier, Flavienne Bruyant, Laurent Chauvaud, Debra Christiansen-Stowe, Hervé Claustre, Véronique Cornet-Barthaux, Pierre Coupel, Christine Cox, Aurelie Delaforge, Thibaud Dezutter, Céline Dimier, Florent Domine, Francis Dufour, Christiane Dufresne, Dany Dumont, Jens Ehn, Brent Else, Joannie Ferland, Marie-Hélène Forget, Louis Fortier, Martí Galí, Virginie Galindo, Morgane Gallinari, Nicole Garcia, Catherine Gérikas Ribeiro, Margaux Gourdal, Priscilla Gourvil, Clemence Goyens, Pierre-Luc Grondin, Pascal Guillot, Caroline Guilmette, Marie-Noëlle Houssais, Fabien Joux, Léo Lacour, Thomas Lacour, Augustin Lafond, José Lagunas, Catherine Lalande, Julien Laliberté, Simon Lambert-Girard, Jade Larivière, Johann Lavaud, Anita LeBaron, Karine Leblanc, Florence Le Gall, Justine Legras, Mélanie Lemire, Maurice Levasseur, Edouard Leymarie, Aude Leynaert, Adriana Lopes dos Santos, Antonio Lourenço, David Mah, Claudie Marec, Dominique Marie, Nicolas Martin, Constance Marty, Sabine Marty, Guillaume Massé, Atsushi Matsuoka, Lisa Matthes, Brivaela Moriceau, Pierre-Emmanuel Muller, Christopher-John Mundy, Griet Neukermans, Laurent Oziel, Christos Panagiotopoulos, Jean-Jacques Pangrazi, Ghislain Picard, Marc Picheral, France Pinczon du Sel, Nicole Pogorzelec, Ian Probert, Bernard Quéguiner, Patrick Raimbault, Joséphine Ras, Eric Rehm, Erin Reimer, Jean-François Rontani, Søren Rysgaard, Blanche Saint-Béat, Makoto Sampei, Julie Sansoulet, Catherine Schmechtig, Sabine Schmidt, Richard Sempéré, Caroline Sévigny, Yuan Shen, Margot Tragin, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Daniel Vaulot, Gauthier Verin, Frédéric Vivier, Anda Vladoiu, Jeremy Whitehead, and Marcel Babin
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 12, 151–176, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-151-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-12-151-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The Green Edge initiative was developed to understand the processes controlling the primary productivity and the fate of organic matter produced during the Arctic spring bloom (PSB). In this article, we present an overview of an extensive and comprehensive dataset acquired during two expeditions conducted in 2015 and 2016 on landfast ice southeast of Qikiqtarjuaq Island in Baffin Bay.
Roya Ghahreman, Wanmin Gong, Martí Galí, Ann-Lise Norman, Stephen R. Beagley, Ayodeji Akingunola, Qiong Zheng, Alexandru Lupu, Martine Lizotte, Maurice Levasseur, and W. Richard Leaitch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 14455–14476, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14455-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-14455-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Atmospheric DMS(g) is a climatically important compound and the main source of biogenic sulfate in the Arctic. Its abundance in the Arctic increases during summer due to greater ice-free sea surface and higher biological activity. In this study, we implemented DMS(g) in a regional air quality forecast model configured for the Arctic. The study showed a significant impact from DMS(g) on sulfate aerosols, particularly in the 50–100 nm size range, in the Arctic marine boundary layer during summer.
Victoria E. Irish, Sarah J. Hanna, Yu Xi, Matthew Boyer, Elena Polishchuk, Mohamed Ahmed, Jessie Chen, Jonathan P. D. Abbatt, Michel Gosselin, Rachel Chang, Lisa A. Miller, and Allan K. Bertram
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 7775–7787, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7775-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-7775-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The ocean is a source of atmospheric ice-nucleating particles (INPs). In this study we compared INPs measured in microlayer and bulk seawater in the Canadian Arctic in 2016 to those measured in 2014. A strong negative correlation between salinity and freezing temperatures was observed, possibly due to INPs associated with melting sea ice. In addition, although spatial patterns of INPs and salinities were similar in 2014 and 2016, the concentrations of INPs were on average higher in 2016.
Rashed Mahmood, Knut von Salzen, Ann-Lise Norman, Martí Galí, and Maurice Levasseur
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 6419–6435, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6419-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-6419-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study evaluates impacts of surface seawater dimethylsulfide on Arctic sulfate aerosol budget, changes in cloud droplet number concentration (CDNC), and cloud radiative forcing under current and future sea ice conditions using an atmospheric global climate model. In the future, sulfate wet removal efficiency is increased by enhanced precipitation; however, simulated aerosol nucleation rates are higher, which result in an overall increase in CDNC and negative cloud radiative forcing.
Robin Bénard, Maurice Levasseur, Michael Scarratt, Sonia Michaud, Michel Starr, Alfonso Mucci, Gustavo Ferreyra, Michel Gosselin, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Martine Lizotte, and Gui-Peng Yang
Biogeosciences, 16, 1167–1185, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1167-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1167-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We present rare data on the combined effects of acidification and warming on dimethylsulfide (DMS) during a mesocosm experiment. Our results show a reduction of DMS under elevated pCO2, but warming the mesocosms by 5 °C translated into a positive offset in concentrations of DMS over the whole range of pCO2 tested. Our results suggest that warming could mitigate the expected reduction in DMS production due to OA, even increasing the net DMS production, with possible repercussions for the climate.
Jonathan P. D. Abbatt, W. Richard Leaitch, Amir A. Aliabadi, Allan K. Bertram, Jean-Pierre Blanchet, Aude Boivin-Rioux, Heiko Bozem, Julia Burkart, Rachel Y. W. Chang, Joannie Charette, Jai P. Chaubey, Robert J. Christensen, Ana Cirisan, Douglas B. Collins, Betty Croft, Joelle Dionne, Greg J. Evans, Christopher G. Fletcher, Martí Galí, Roya Ghahreman, Eric Girard, Wanmin Gong, Michel Gosselin, Margaux Gourdal, Sarah J. Hanna, Hakase Hayashida, Andreas B. Herber, Sareh Hesaraki, Peter Hoor, Lin Huang, Rachel Hussherr, Victoria E. Irish, Setigui A. Keita, John K. Kodros, Franziska Köllner, Felicia Kolonjari, Daniel Kunkel, Luis A. Ladino, Kathy Law, Maurice Levasseur, Quentin Libois, John Liggio, Martine Lizotte, Katrina M. Macdonald, Rashed Mahmood, Randall V. Martin, Ryan H. Mason, Lisa A. Miller, Alexander Moravek, Eric Mortenson, Emma L. Mungall, Jennifer G. Murphy, Maryam Namazi, Ann-Lise Norman, Norman T. O'Neill, Jeffrey R. Pierce, Lynn M. Russell, Johannes Schneider, Hannes Schulz, Sangeeta Sharma, Meng Si, Ralf M. Staebler, Nadja S. Steiner, Jennie L. Thomas, Knut von Salzen, Jeremy J. B. Wentzell, Megan D. Willis, Gregory R. Wentworth, Jun-Wei Xu, and Jacqueline D. Yakobi-Hancock
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 19, 2527–2560, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2527-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2527-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
The Arctic is experiencing considerable environmental change with climate warming, illustrated by the dramatic decrease in sea-ice extent. It is important to understand both the natural and perturbed Arctic systems to gain a better understanding of how they will change in the future. This paper summarizes new insights into the relationships between Arctic aerosol particles and climate, as learned over the past five or so years by a large Canadian research consortium, NETCARE.
Martí Galí, Maurice Levasseur, Emmanuel Devred, Rafel Simó, and Marcel Babin
Biogeosciences, 15, 3497–3519, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3497-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3497-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We developed a new algorithm to estimate the sea-surface concentration of dimethylsulfide (DMS) using satellite data. DMS is a gas produced by marine plankton that, once emitted to the atmosphere, plays a key climatic role by seeding cloud formation. We used the algorithm to produce global DMS maps and also regional DMS time series. The latter suggest that DMS can vary largely from one year to another, which should be taken into account in atmospheric studies.
Margaux Gourdal, Martine Lizotte, Guillaume Massé, Michel Gosselin, Michel Poulin, Michael Scarratt, Joannie Charette, and Maurice Levasseur
Biogeosciences, 15, 3169–3188, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3169-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-3169-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Melt ponds (MP) forming over first year ice (FYI) represent a potential source of the climate-relevant gas dimethylsulfide (DMS) to the atmosphere. Nine MP were sampled in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. DMS concentrations reaching up to 6 nmol L−1, twice the world's surface oceanic mean, were measured. Seawater intrusion appeared to seed MP with DMS-producing communities. DMS flux from Arctic MP is expected to increase in response to the expanding areal and temporal trends of MP on FYI.
Tereza Jarníková, John Dacey, Martine Lizotte, Maurice Levasseur, and Philippe Tortell
Biogeosciences, 15, 2449–2465, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2449-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2449-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This paper presents some of the first high-resolution measurements of a biologically-produced climate-active sulfur gas (dimethylsulfide – DMS) ever made in the Canadian Arctic, taken using two novel high-resolution sampling techniques aboard an icebreaker in the summer of 2015. We show increased concentrations of DMS and its precursors in frontal zones and areas of high sea ice accumulation. Our results provide a snapshot of climate-active gas dynamics in a rapidly changing Arctic.
Jacoba Mol, Helmuth Thomas, Paul G. Myers, Xianmin Hu, and Alfonso Mucci
Biogeosciences, 15, 1011–1027, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1011-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1011-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
In the fall of 2014, the upwelling of water from the deep Canada Basin brought water onto the shallower Mackenzie Shelf in the Beaufort Sea. This increased the concentration of CO2 in water on the shelf, which alters pH and changes the transfer of CO2 between the ocean and atmosphere. These findings were a combined result of water sampling for CO2 parameters and the use of a computer model that simulates water movement in the ocean.
Martine Lizotte, Maurice Levasseur, Cliff S. Law, Carolyn F. Walker, Karl A. Safi, Andrew Marriner, and Ronald P. Kiene
Ocean Sci., 13, 961–982, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-961-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/os-13-961-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
During a 4-week oceanographic cruise in 2012, we investigated the water masses bordering the subtropical front near New Zealand as sources of the biogenic gas dimethyl sulfide (DMS). DMS oxidation products may influence the atmospheric radiative budget of the Earth. Concentrations of DMS were high in the study region and DMS's precursor, dimethylsulfoniopropionate, showed a strong association with phytoplankton biomass in relation to the persistent dominance of dinoflagellates/coccolithophores.
Cliff S. Law, Murray J. Smith, Mike J. Harvey, Thomas G. Bell, Luke T. Cravigan, Fiona C. Elliott, Sarah J. Lawson, Martine Lizotte, Andrew Marriner, John McGregor, Zoran Ristovski, Karl A. Safi, Eric S. Saltzman, Petri Vaattovaara, and Carolyn F. Walker
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 13645–13667, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13645-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13645-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We carried out a multidisciplinary study to examine how aerosol production is influenced by the production and emission of trace gases and particles in the surface ocean. Phytoplankton blooms of different species composition in frontal waters southeast of New Zealand were a significant source of dimethylsulfide and other aerosol precursors. The relationships between surface ocean biogeochemistry and aerosol composition will inform the understanding of aerosol production over the remote ocean.
Douglas B. Collins, Julia Burkart, Rachel Y.-W. Chang, Martine Lizotte, Aude Boivin-Rioux, Marjolaine Blais, Emma L. Mungall, Matthew Boyer, Victoria E. Irish, Guillaume Massé, Daniel Kunkel, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Tim Papakyriakou, Allan K. Bertram, Heiko Bozem, Michel Gosselin, Maurice Levasseur, and Jonathan P. D. Abbatt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 13119–13138, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13119-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-13119-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The sources of aerosol particles and their growth to sizes large enough to act as cloud droplet seeds is of major importance to climate since clouds exert substantial control over the atmospheric energy balance. Using ship-board measurements from two summers in the Canadian Arctic, aerosol formation events were related to co-sampled atmospheric and oceanic parameters, providing insight into factors that drive particle formation and motivating further study of ocean–atmosphere interactions.
Victoria E. Irish, Pablo Elizondo, Jessie Chen, Cédric Chou, Joannie Charette, Martine Lizotte, Luis A. Ladino, Theodore W. Wilson, Michel Gosselin, Benjamin J. Murray, Elena Polishchuk, Jonathan P. D. Abbatt, Lisa A. Miller, and Allan K. Bertram
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 10583–10595, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10583-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10583-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The ocean is a possible source of atmospheric ice-nucleating particles (INPs). In this study we found that INPs were ubiquitous in the sea-surface microlayer and bulk seawater in the Canadian Arctic. A strong negative correlation was observed between salinity and freezing temperatures (after correcting for freezing point depression). Heat and filtration treatments of the samples showed that the INPs were likely biological material with sizes between 0.02 μm and 0.2 μm in diameter.
Roya Ghahreman, Ann-Lise Norman, Betty Croft, Randall V. Martin, Jeffrey R. Pierce, Julia Burkart, Ofelia Rempillo, Heiko Bozem, Daniel Kunkel, Jennie L. Thomas, Amir A. Aliabadi, Gregory R. Wentworth, Maurice Levasseur, Ralf M. Staebler, Sangeeta Sharma, and W. Richard Leaitch
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 17, 8757–8770, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8757-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8757-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We present spring and summertime vertical profile measurements of Arctic dimethyl sulfide (DMS), together with model simulations to consider what these profiles indicate about DMS sources and lifetimes in the Arctic. Our results highlight the role of local open water as the source of DMS(g) during July 2014 and the influence of long-range transport of DMS(g) from further afield in the Arctic during April 2015.
Ashley Dinauer and Alfonso Mucci
Biogeosciences, 14, 3221–3237, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3221-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3221-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Because of its large physical dimensions and unimpeded connection to the Atlantic Ocean, the St. Lawrence Gulf and Estuary encompass both estuarine and marine environments. The underlying physical and biogeochemical processes are reflected in the spatial pattern of surface-water pCO2 (139–765 µatm). The shallow partially mixed upper estuary was a CO2 source due to microbial respiration, whereas the deep stratified lower estuary was generally a CO2 sink due to phytoplankton photosynthesis.
Hakase Hayashida, Nadja Steiner, Adam Monahan, Virginie Galindo, Martine Lizotte, and Maurice Levasseur
Biogeosciences, 14, 3129–3155, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3129-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3129-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
In remote regions, cloud conditions may be strongly influenced by oceanic source of dimethylsulfide (DMS) produced by plankton and bacteria. In the Arctic, sea ice provides an additional source of these aerosols. The results of this study highlight the importance of taking into account both the sea-ice sulfur cycle and ecosystem in the flux estimates of oceanic DMS near the ice margins and identify key uncertainties in processes and rates that would be better constrained by new observations.
Rachel Hussherr, Maurice Levasseur, Martine Lizotte, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Jacoba Mol, Helmuth Thomas, Michel Gosselin, Michel Starr, Lisa A. Miller, Tereza Jarniková, Nina Schuback, and Alfonso Mucci
Biogeosciences, 14, 2407–2427, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2407-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2407-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study assesses the impact of ocean acidification on phytoplankton and its synthesis of the climate-active gas dimethyl sulfide (DMS), as well as its modulation, by two contrasting light regimes in the Arctic. The light regimes tested had no significant impact on either the phytoplankton or DMS concentration, whereas both variables decreased linearly with the decrease in pH. Thus, a rapid decrease in surface water pH could alter the algal biomass and inhibit DMS production in the Arctic.
Amir A. Aliabadi, Jennie L. Thomas, Andreas B. Herber, Ralf M. Staebler, W. Richard Leaitch, Hannes Schulz, Kathy S. Law, Louis Marelle, Julia Burkart, Megan D. Willis, Heiko Bozem, Peter M. Hoor, Franziska Köllner, Johannes Schneider, Maurice Levasseur, and Jonathan P. D. Abbatt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 7899–7916, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7899-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7899-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
For the first time, ship emissions of an ice-breaker, the Amundsen, is characterized while breaking ice in the Canadian Arctic using the plume intercepts by the Polar 6 aircraft. The study is novel, estimating lower plume expansion rates over the stable Arctic marine boundary layer and different emissions factors for oxides of nitrogen, black carbon, and carbon monoxide, compared to plume intercept studies in mid latitudes. These results can inform policy making and emission inventory datasets.
Emma L. Mungall, Betty Croft, Martine Lizotte, Jennie L. Thomas, Jennifer G. Murphy, Maurice Levasseur, Randall V. Martin, Jeremy J. B. Wentzell, John Liggio, and Jonathan P. D. Abbatt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 6665–6680, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6665-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-6665-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Previous work has suggested that marine emissions of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) could impact the Arctic climate through interactions with clouds. We made the first high-time-resolution measurements of summertime atmospheric DMS in the Canadian Arctic, and performed source sensitivity simulations. We found that regional marine sources dominated, but do not appear to be sufficient to explain our observations. Understanding DMS sources in the Arctic is necessary to model future climate in the region.
Roya Ghahreman, Ann-Lise Norman, Jonathan P. D. Abbatt, Maurice Levasseur, and Jennie L. Thomas
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 5191–5202, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5191-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-5191-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Aerosols in six size fractions (> 0.49–7.0 microns) were collected in the Arctic (July 2014). The isotopic composition of sulfate aerosols was measured to determine the role of biogenic and anthropogenic sources in the growth of aerosols. More than 63 % of the average sulfate concentration in the fine aerosols (> 0.49 microns) was from biogenic sources. For some samples, the S isotope ratio values for SO2 and fine aerosols were close together, suggesting the same source for SO2 and aerosol sulfur.
Josiane Mélançon, Maurice Levasseur, Martine Lizotte, Michael Scarratt, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Philippe Tortell, Gui-Peng Yang, Guang-Yu Shi, Huiwang Gao, David Semeniuk, Marie Robert, Michael Arychuk, Keith Johnson, Nes Sutherland, Marty Davelaar, Nina Nemcek, Angelica Peña, and Wendy Richardson
Biogeosciences, 13, 1677–1692, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1677-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1677-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean acidification is likely to affect iron-limited phytoplankton fertilization by desert dust. Short incubations of northeast subarctic Pacific waters enriched with dust and set at pH 8.0 and 7.8 were conducted. Acidification led to a significant reduction (by 16–38 %) of the final concentration of chl a reached after enrichment. These results show that dust deposition events in a low-pH iron-limited ocean are likely to stimulate phytoplankton growth to a lesser extent than in today's ocean.
Gregory R. Wentworth, Jennifer G. Murphy, Betty Croft, Randall V. Martin, Jeffrey R. Pierce, Jean-Sébastien Côté, Isabelle Courchesne, Jean-Éric Tremblay, Jonathan Gagnon, Jennie L. Thomas, Sangeeta Sharma, Desiree Toom-Sauntry, Alina Chivulescu, Maurice Levasseur, and Jonathan P. D. Abbatt
Atmos. Chem. Phys., 16, 1937–1953, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-1937-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-1937-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Air near the surface in the summertime Arctic is extremely clean and typically has very low concentrations of both gases and particles. However, atmospheric measurements taken throughout the Canadian Arctic in the summer of 2014 revealed higher-than-expected amounts of gaseous ammonia. It is likely the majority of this ammonia is coming from migratory seabird colonies throughout the Arctic. Seabird guano (dung) releases ammonia which could impact climate and sensitive Arctic ecosystems.
P. Coupel, A. Matsuoka, D. Ruiz-Pino, M. Gosselin, D. Marie, J.-É. Tremblay, and M. Babin
Biogeosciences, 12, 991–1006, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-991-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-991-2015, 2015
J.-É. Tremblay, P. Raimbault, N. Garcia, B. Lansard, M. Babin, and J. Gagnon
Biogeosciences, 11, 4853–4868, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4853-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-4853-2014, 2014
A. Forest, P. Coupel, B. Else, S. Nahavandian, B. Lansard, P. Raimbault, T. Papakyriakou, Y. Gratton, L. Fortier, J.-É. Tremblay, and M. Babin
Biogeosciences, 11, 2827–2856, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2827-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-2827-2014, 2014
A. Taalba, H. Xie, M. G. Scarratt, S. Bélanger, and M. Levasseur
Biogeosciences, 10, 6793–6806, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6793-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-6793-2013, 2013
M. Ardyna, M. Babin, M. Gosselin, E. Devred, S. Bélanger, A. Matsuoka, and J.-É. Tremblay
Biogeosciences, 10, 4383–4404, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4383-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4383-2013, 2013
S. Bélanger, M. Babin, and J.-É. Tremblay
Biogeosciences, 10, 4087–4101, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4087-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-4087-2013, 2013
V. Le Fouest, M. Babin, and J.-É. Tremblay
Biogeosciences, 10, 3661–3677, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3661-2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-3661-2013, 2013
J. Martin, J. É. Tremblay, and N. M. Price
Biogeosciences, 9, 5353–5371, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5353-2012, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-5353-2012, 2012
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Coastal Ocean
Vertical mixing alleviates autumnal oxygen deficiency in the central North Sea
Hypoxia also occurs in small highly turbid estuaries: the example of the Charente (Bay of Biscay)
Seasonality and response of ocean acidification and hypoxia to major environmental anomalies in the southern Salish Sea, North America (2014–2018)
Oceanographic processes driving low-oxygen conditions inside Patagonian fjords
Above- and belowground plant mercury dynamics in a salt marsh estuary in Massachusetts, USA
Variability and drivers of carbonate chemistry at shellfish aquaculture sites in the Salish Sea, British Columbia
Unusual Hemiaulus bloom influences ocean productivity in Northeastern US Shelf waters
Insights into carbonate environmental conditions in the Chukchi Sea
UAV approaches for improved mapping of vegetation cover and estimation of carbon storage of small saltmarshes: examples from Loch Fleet, northeast Scotland
Iron “ore” nothing: benthic iron fluxes from the oxygen-deficient Santa Barbara Basin enhance phytoplankton productivity in surface waters
Marine anoxia initiates giant sulfur-oxidizing bacterial mat proliferation and associated changes in benthic nitrogen, sulfur, and iron cycling in the Santa Barbara Basin, California Borderland
Quantification and mitigation of bottom trawling impacts on sedimentary organic carbon stocks in the North Sea
Uncertainty in the evolution of northwestern North Atlantic circulation leads to diverging biogeochemical projections
The additionality problem of ocean alkalinity enhancement
Short-term variation in pH in seawaters around coastal areas of Japan: characteristics and forcings
Revisiting the applicability and constraints of molybdenum- and uranium-based paleo redox proxies: comparing two contrasting sill fjords
Influence of a small submarine canyon on biogenic matter export flux in the lower St. Lawrence Estuary, eastern Canada
Ocean alkalinity enhancement using sodium carbonate salts does not impact Fe dynamics in a mesocosm experiment
Single-celled bioturbators: benthic foraminifera mediate oxygen penetration and prokaryotic diversity in intertidal sediment
Assessing impacts of coastal warming, acidification, and deoxygenation on Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) farming: a case study in the Hinase area, Okayama Prefecture, and Shizugawa Bay, Miyagi Prefecture, Japan
Picoplanktonic methane production in eutrophic surface waters
Influence of Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement with Olivine or Steel Slag on a Coastal Plankton Community in Tasmania
Multiple nitrogen sources for primary production inferred from δ13C and δ15N in the southern Sea of Japan
Influence of manganese cycling on alkalinity in the redox stratified water column of Chesapeake Bay
Estuarine flocculation dynamics of organic carbon and metals from boreal acid sulfate soils
Drivers of particle sinking velocities in the Peruvian upwelling system
Intra-scenario variability of trends and controls of near-bed oxygen concentration on the Northwest European Continental Shelf under climate change
Impacts and uncertainties of climate-induced changes in watershed inputs on estuarine hypoxia
Considerations for hypothetical carbon dioxide removal via alkalinity addition in the Amazon River watershed
High metabolism and periodic hypoxia associated with drifting macrophyte detritus in the shallow subtidal Baltic Sea
Production and accumulation of reef framework by calcifying corals and macroalgae on a remote Indian Ocean cay
Zooplankton community succession and trophic links during a mesocosm experiment in the coastal upwelling off Callao Bay (Peru)
Temporal and spatial evolution of bottom-water hypoxia in the St Lawrence estuarine system
Significant nutrient consumption in the dark subsurface layer during a diatom bloom: a case study on Funka Bay, Hokkaido, Japan
Contrasts in dissolved, particulate, and sedimentary organic carbon from the Kolyma River to the East Siberian Shelf
Sediment quality assessment in an industrialized Greek coastal marine area (western Saronikos Gulf)
Limits and CO2 equilibration of near-coast alkalinity enhancement
Role of phosphorus in the seasonal deoxygenation of the East China Sea shelf
Interannual variability of the initiation of the phytoplankton growing period in two French coastal ecosystems
Spatio-temporal distribution, photoreactivity and environmental control of dissolved organic matter in the sea-surface microlayer of the eastern marginal seas of China
Metabolic alkalinity release from large port facilities (Hamburg, Germany) and impact on coastal carbon storage
A Numerical reassessment of the Gulf of Mexico carbon system in connection with the Mississippi River and global ocean
Observed and projected global warming pressure on coastal hypoxia
Benthic alkalinity fluxes from coastal sediments of the Baltic and North seas: comparing approaches and identifying knowledge gaps
Investigating the effect of nickel concentration on phytoplankton growth to assess potential side-effects of ocean alkalinity enhancement
Unprecedented summer hypoxia in southern Cape Cod Bay: an ecological response to regional climate change?
Interannual variabilities, long-term trends, and regulating factors of low-oxygen conditions in the coastal waters off Hong Kong
Causes of the extensive hypoxia in the Gulf of Riga in 2018
Trawling effects on biogeochemical processes are mediated by fauna in high-energy biogenic-reef-inhabited coastal sediments
Drought recorded by Ba∕Ca in coastal benthic foraminifera
Charlotte A. J. Williams, Tom Hull, Jan Kaiser, Claire Mahaffey, Naomi Greenwood, Matthew Toberman, and Matthew R. Palmer
Biogeosciences, 21, 1961–1971, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1961-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1961-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Oxygen (O2) is a key indicator of ocean health. The risk of O2 loss in the productive coastal/continental slope regions is increasing. Autonomous underwater vehicles equipped with O2 optodes provide lots of data but have problems resolving strong vertical O2 changes. Here we show how to overcome this and calculate how much O2 is supplied to the low-O2 bottom waters via mixing. Bursts in mixing supply nearly all of the O2 to bottom waters in autumn, stopping them reaching ecologically low levels.
Sabine Schmidt and Ibrahima Iris Diallo
Biogeosciences, 21, 1785–1800, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1785-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1785-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Along the French coast facing the Bay of Biscay, the large Gironde and Loire estuaries suffer from hypoxia. This prompted a study of the small Charente estuary located between them. This work reveals a minimum oxygen zone in the Charente estuary, which extends for about 25 km. Temperature is the main factor controlling the hypoxia. This calls for the monitoring of small turbid macrotidal estuaries that are vulnerable to hypoxia, a risk expected to increase with global warming.
Simone R. Alin, Jan A. Newton, Richard A. Feely, Samantha Siedlecki, and Dana Greeley
Biogeosciences, 21, 1639–1673, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1639-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1639-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We provide a new multi-stressor data product that allows us to characterize the seasonality of temperature, O2, and CO2 in the southern Salish Sea and delivers insights into the impacts of major marine heatwave and precipitation anomalies on regional ocean acidification and hypoxia. We also describe the present-day frequencies of temperature, O2, and ocean acidification conditions that cross thresholds of sensitive regional species that are economically or ecologically important.
Pamela Linford, Iván Pérez-Santos, Paulina Montero, Patricio A. Díaz, Claudia Aracena, Elías Pinilla, Facundo Barrera, Manuel Castillo, Aida Alvera-Azcárate, Mónica Alvarado, Gabriel Soto, Cécile Pujol, Camila Schwerter, Sara Arenas-Uribe, Pilar Navarro, Guido Mancilla-Gutiérrez, Robinson Altamirano, Javiera San Martín, and Camila Soto-Riquelme
Biogeosciences, 21, 1433–1459, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1433-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1433-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The Patagonian fjords comprise a world region where low-oxygen water and hypoxia conditions are observed. An in situ dataset was used to quantify the mechanism involved in the presence of these conditions in northern Patagonian fjords. Water mass analysis confirmed the contribution of Equatorial Subsurface Water in the advection of the low-oxygen water, and hypoxic conditions occurred when the community respiration rate exceeded the gross primary production.
Ting Wang, Buyun Du, Inke Forbrich, Jun Zhou, Joshua Polen, Elsie M. Sunderland, Prentiss H. Balcom, Celia Chen, and Daniel Obrist
Biogeosciences, 21, 1461–1476, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1461-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1461-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The strong seasonal increases of Hg in aboveground biomass during the growing season and the lack of changes observed after senescence in this salt marsh ecosystem suggest physiologically controlled Hg uptake pathways. The Hg sources found in marsh aboveground tissues originate from a mix of sources, unlike terrestrial ecosystems, where atmospheric GEM is the main source. Belowground plant tissues mostly take up Hg from soils. Overall, the salt marsh currently serves as a small net Hg sink.
Eleanor Simpson, Debby Ianson, Karen E. Kohfeld, Ana C. Franco, Paul A. Covert, Marty Davelaar, and Yves Perreault
Biogeosciences, 21, 1323–1353, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1323-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1323-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Shellfish aquaculture operates in nearshore areas where data on ocean acidification parameters are limited. We show daily and seasonal variability in pH and saturation states of calcium carbonate at nearshore aquaculture sites in British Columbia, Canada, and determine the contributing drivers of this variability. We find that nearshore locations have greater variability than open waters and that the uptake of carbon by phytoplankton is the major driver of pH and saturation state variability.
S. Alejandra Castillo Cieza, Rachel H. R. Stanley, Pierre Marrec, Diana N. Fontaine, E. Taylor Crockford, Dennis J. McGillicuddy Jr., Arshia Mehta, Susanne Menden-Deuer, Emily E. Peacock, Tatiana A. Rynearson, Zoe O. Sandwith, Weifeng Zhang, and Heidi M. Sosik
Biogeosciences, 21, 1235–1257, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1235-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1235-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The coastal ocean in the northeastern USA provides many services, including fisheries and habitats for threatened species. In summer 2019, a bloom occurred of a large unusual phytoplankton, the diatom Hemiaulus, with nitrogen-fixing symbionts. This led to vast changes in productivity and grazing rates in the ecosystem. This work shows that the emergence of one species can have profound effects on ecosystem function. Such changes may become more prevalent as the ocean warms due to climate change.
Claudine Hauri, Brita Irving, Sam Dupont, Rémi Pagés, Donna D. W. Hauser, and Seth L. Danielson
Biogeosciences, 21, 1135–1159, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1135-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-1135-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Arctic marine ecosystems are highly susceptible to impacts of climate change and ocean acidification. We present pH and pCO2 time series (2016–2020) from the Chukchi Ecosystem Observatory and analyze the drivers of the current conditions to get a better understanding of how climate change and ocean acidification could affect the ecological niches of organisms.
William Hiles, Lucy C. Miller, Craig Smeaton, and William E. N. Austin
Biogeosciences, 21, 929–948, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-929-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-929-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Saltmarsh soils may help to limit the rate of climate change by storing carbon. To understand their impacts, they must be accurately mapped. We use drone data to estimate the size of three saltmarshes in NE Scotland. We find that drone imagery, combined with tidal data, can reliably inform our understanding of saltmarsh size. When compared with previous work using vegetation communities, we find that our most reliable new estimates of stored carbon are 15–20 % smaller than previously estimated.
De'Marcus Robinson, Anh L. D. Pham, David J. Yousavich, Felix Janssen, Frank Wenzhöfer, Eleanor C. Arrington, Kelsey M. Gosselin, Marco Sandoval-Belmar, Matthew Mar, David L. Valentine, Daniele Bianchi, and Tina Treude
Biogeosciences, 21, 773–788, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-773-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-773-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
The present study suggests that high release of ferrous iron from the seafloor of the oxygen-deficient Santa Barabara Basin (California) supports surface primary productivity, creating positive feedback on seafloor iron release by enhancing low-oxygen conditions in the basin.
David J. Yousavich, De'Marcus Robinson, Xuefeng Peng, Sebastian J. E. Krause, Frank Wenzhöfer, Felix Janssen, Na Liu, Jonathan Tarn, Franklin Kinnaman, David L. Valentine, and Tina Treude
Biogeosciences, 21, 789–809, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-789-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-789-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Declining oxygen (O2) concentrations in coastal oceans can threaten people’s ways of life and food supplies. Here, we investigate how mats of bacteria that proliferate on the seafloor of the Santa Barbara Basin sustain and potentially worsen these O2 depletion events through their unique chemoautotrophic metabolism. Our study shows how changes in seafloor microbiology and geochemistry brought on by declining O2 concentrations can help these mats grow as well as how that growth affects the basin.
Lucas Porz, Wenyan Zhang, Nils Gerrit Christiansen, Jan Kossack, Ute Daewel, and Corinna Schrum
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-399, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-399, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Seafloor sediments store a large amount of carbon, helping to naturally regulate Earth's climate. If disturbed, some sediment particles can turn into CO2, but this effect is not well understood. Using computer simulations, we found that bottom-contacting fishing gears release about 1 million tons of CO2 per year in the North Sea, one of the most heavily fished regions globally. We show how protecting certain areas could reduce these emissions while also benefitting seafloor-living animals.
Krysten Rutherford, Katja Fennel, Lina Garcia Suarez, and Jasmin G. John
Biogeosciences, 21, 301–314, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-301-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-301-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We downscaled two mid-century (~2075) ocean model projections to a high-resolution regional ocean model of the northwest North Atlantic (NA) shelf. In one projection, the NA shelf break current practically disappears; in the other it remains almost unchanged. This leads to a wide range of possible future shelf properties. More accurate projections of coastal circulation features would narrow the range of possible outcomes of biogeochemical projections for shelf regions.
Lennart Thomas Bach
Biogeosciences, 21, 261–277, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-261-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-261-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) is a widely considered marine carbon dioxide removal method. OAE aims to accelerate chemical rock weathering, which is a natural process that slowly sequesters atmospheric carbon dioxide. This study shows that the addition of anthropogenic alkalinity via OAE can reduce the natural release of alkalinity and, therefore, reduce the efficiency of OAE for climate mitigation. However, the additionality problem could be mitigated via a variety of activities.
Tsuneo Ono, Daisuke Muraoka, Masahiro Hayashi, Makiko Yorifuji, Akihiro Dazai, Shigeyuki Omoto, Takehiro Tanaka, Tomohiro Okamura, Goh Onitsuka, Kenji Sudo, Masahiko Fujii, Ryuji Hamanoue, and Masahide Wakita
Biogeosciences, 21, 177–199, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-177-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-21-177-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We carried out parallel year-round observations of pH and related parameters in five stations around the Japan coast. It was found that short-term acidified situations with Omega_ar less than 1.5 occurred at four of five stations. Most of such short-term acidified events were related to the short-term low salinity event, and the extent of short-term pH drawdown at high freshwater input was positively correlated with the nutrient concentration of the main rivers that flow into the coastal area.
K. Mareike Paul, Martijn Hermans, Sami A. Jokinen, Inda Brinkmann, Helena L. Filipsson, and Tom Jilbert
Biogeosciences, 20, 5003–5028, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5003-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-5003-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Seawater naturally contains trace metals such as Mo and U, which accumulate under low oxygen conditions on the seafloor. Previous studies have used sediment Mo and U contents as an archive of changing oxygen concentrations in coastal waters. Here we show that in fjords the use of Mo and U for this purpose may be impaired by additional processes. Our findings have implications for the reliable use of Mo and U to reconstruct oxygen changes in fjords.
Hannah Sharpe, Michel Gosselin, Catherine Lalande, Alexandre Normandeau, Jean-Carlos Montero-Serrano, Khouloud Baccara, Daniel Bourgault, Owen Sherwood, and Audrey Limoges
Biogeosciences, 20, 4981–5001, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4981-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4981-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the impact of submarine canyon processes within the Pointe-des-Monts system on biogenic matter export and phytoplankton assemblages. Using data from three oceanographic moorings, we show that the canyon experienced two low-amplitude sediment remobilization events in 2020–2021 that led to enhanced particle fluxes in the deep-water column layer > 2.6 km offshore. Sinking phytoplankton fluxes were lower near the canyon compared to background values from the lower St. Lawrence Estuary.
David González-Santana, María Segovia, Melchor González-Dávila, Librada Ramírez, Aridane G. González, Leonardo J. Pozzo, Veronica Arnone, Victor Vázquez, Ulf Riebesell, and J. Magdalena Santana-Casiano
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2868, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2868, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In a recent experiment off the coast of Gran Canaria (Spain), scientists explored a method called Ocean Alkalinization Enhancement (OAE), where carbonate minerals were added to seawater. This process changed the levels of certain ions in the water, affecting its pH and buffering capacity. The researchers were particularly interested in how this could impact the levels of essential trace metals in the water.
Dewi Langlet, Florian Mermillod-Blondin, Noémie Deldicq, Arthur Bauville, Gwendoline Duong, Lara Konecny, Mylène Hugoni, Lionel Denis, and Vincent M. P. Bouchet
Biogeosciences, 20, 4875–4891, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4875-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4875-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Benthic foraminifera are single-cell marine organisms which can move in the sediment column. They were previously reported to horizontally and vertically transport sediment particles, yet the impact of their motion on the dissolved fluxes remains unknown. Using microprofiling, we show here that foraminiferal burrow formation increases the oxygen penetration depth in the sediment, leading to a change in the structure of the prokaryotic community.
Masahiko Fujii, Ryuji Hamanoue, Lawrence Patrick Cases Bernardo, Tsuneo Ono, Akihiro Dazai, Shigeyuki Oomoto, Masahide Wakita, and Takehiro Tanaka
Biogeosciences, 20, 4527–4549, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4527-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-4527-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
This is the first study of the current and future impacts of climate change on Pacific oyster farming in Japan. Future coastal warming and acidification may affect oyster larvae as a result of longer exposure to lower-pH waters. A prolonged spawning period may harm oyster processing by shortening the shipping period and reducing oyster quality. To minimize impacts on Pacific oyster farming, in addition to mitigation measures, local adaptation measures may be required.
Sandy E. Tenorio and Laura Farías
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-185, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2023-185, 2023
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
Time series studies show that CH4 is highly dynamic on the coastal ocean surface and that planktonic communities are linked to CH4 accumulation as is found in coastal upwelling off Central Chile. We’ve identified the crucial role of picoplankton (>3μm) in CH4 recycling, especially with the addition of methylated substrates (TMA and MPn) during upwelling and non-upwelling periods. These insights improve understanding of surface ocean CH4 recycling, aiding accurate CH4 emissions estimates.
Jiaying A. Guo, Robert F. Strzepek, Kerrie M. Swadling, Ashley T. Townsend, and Lennart T. Bach
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2120, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-2120, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) aims to increase atmospheric CO2 sequestration in the oceans by spreading ground alkaline materials into the ocean. To assess the environmental impacts of OAE, we used 53 L microcosms to test how coastal plankton communities respond to OAE with olivine or steel slag as alkalinity sources. Overall, steel slag is much more efficient for CO2 removal than olivine and appears to be induce less changes in the phytoplankton and zooplankton communities.
Taketoshi Kodama, Atsushi Nishimoto, Ken-ichi Nakamura, Misato Nakae, Naoki Iguchi, Yosuke Igeta, and Yoichi Kogure
Biogeosciences, 20, 3667–3682, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3667-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3667-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Carbon and nitrogen are essential elements for organisms; their stable isotope ratios (13C : 12C, 15N : 14N) are useful tools for understanding turnover and movement in the ocean. In the Sea of Japan, the environment is rapidly being altered by human activities. The 13C : 12C of small organic particles is increased by active carbon fixation, and phytoplankton growth increases the values. The 15N : 14N variations suggest that nitrates from many sources contribute to organic production.
Aubin Thibault de Chanvalon, George W. Luther, Emily R. Estes, Jennifer Necker, Bradley M. Tebo, Jianzhong Su, and Wei-Jun Cai
Biogeosciences, 20, 3053–3071, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3053-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-3053-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The intensity of the oceanic trap of CO2 released by anthropogenic activities depends on the alkalinity brought by continental weathering. Between ocean and continent, coastal water and estuaries can limit or favour the alkalinity transfer. This study investigate new interactions between dissolved metals and alkalinity in the oxygen-depleted zone of estuaries.
Joonas J. Virtasalo, Peter Österholm, and Eero Asmala
Biogeosciences, 20, 2883–2901, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2883-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2883-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We mixed acidic metal-rich river water from acid sulfate soils and seawater in the laboratory to study the flocculation of dissolved metals and organic matter in estuaries. Al and Fe flocculated already at a salinity of 0–2 to large organic flocs (>80 µm size). Precipitation of Al and Fe hydroxide flocculi (median size 11 µm) began when pH exceeded ca. 5.5. Mn transferred weakly to Mn hydroxides and Co to the flocs. Up to 50 % of Cu was associated with the flocs, irrespective of seawater mixing.
Moritz Baumann, Allanah Joy Paul, Jan Taucher, Lennart Thomas Bach, Silvan Goldenberg, Paul Stange, Fabrizio Minutolo, and Ulf Riebesell
Biogeosciences, 20, 2595–2612, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2595-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-2595-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The sinking velocity of marine particles affects how much atmospheric CO2 is stored inside our oceans. We measured particle sinking velocities in the Peruvian upwelling system and assessed their physical and biochemical drivers. We found that sinking velocity was mainly influenced by particle size and porosity, while ballasting minerals played only a minor role. Our findings help us to better understand the particle sinking dynamics in this highly productive marine system.
Giovanni Galli, Sarah Wakelin, James Harle, Jason Holt, and Yuri Artioli
EGUsphere, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1049, https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1049, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In this work we looked at the projected change in bottom water oxygen content in an ensemble of ocean climate change models of the North Western European Shelf. What emerged is that, 1. oxygen decreases in all models, 2. in the models with the most warming, a change in circulation patterns is tied to the emergence of low oxygen hotspots in the Eastern North Sea, and, 3. in relatively shallow coastal areas increasing in primary production partially mitigates oxygen decline.
Kyle E. Hinson, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Raymond G. Najjar, Maria Herrmann, Zihao Bian, Gopal Bhatt, Pierre St-Laurent, Hanqin Tian, and Gary Shenk
Biogeosciences, 20, 1937–1961, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1937-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1937-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Climate impacts are essential for environmental managers to consider when implementing nutrient reduction plans designed to reduce hypoxia. This work highlights relative sources of uncertainty in modeling regional climate impacts on the Chesapeake Bay watershed and consequent declines in bay oxygen levels. The results demonstrate that planned water quality improvement goals are capable of reducing hypoxia levels by half, offsetting climate-driven impacts on terrestrial runoff.
Linquan Mu, Jaime B. Palter, and Hongjie Wang
Biogeosciences, 20, 1963–1977, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1963-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1963-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Enhancing ocean alkalinity accelerates carbon dioxide removal from the atmosphere. We hypothetically added alkalinity to the Amazon River and examined the increment of the carbon uptake by the Amazon plume. We also investigated the minimum alkalinity addition in which this perturbation at the river mouth could be detected above the natural variability.
Karl M. Attard, Anna Lyssenko, and Iván F. Rodil
Biogeosciences, 20, 1713–1724, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1713-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1713-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Aquatic plants produce a large amount of organic matter through photosynthesis that, following erosion, is deposited on the seafloor. In this study, we show that plant detritus can trigger low-oxygen conditions (hypoxia) in shallow coastal waters, making conditions challenging for most marine animals. We propose that the occurrence of hypoxia may be underestimated because measurements typically do not consider the region closest to the seafloor, where detritus accumulates.
M. James McLaughlin, Cindy Bessey, Gary A. Kendrick, John Keesing, and Ylva S. Olsen
Biogeosciences, 20, 1011–1026, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1011-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-1011-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Coral reefs face increasing pressures from environmental change at present. The coral reef framework is produced by corals and calcifying algae. The Kimberley region of Western Australia has escaped land-based anthropogenic impacts. Specimens of the dominant coral and algae were collected from Browse Island's reef platform and incubated in mesocosms to measure calcification and production patterns of oxygen. This study provides important data on reef building and climate-driven effects.
Patricia Ayón Dejo, Elda Luz Pinedo Arteaga, Anna Schukat, Jan Taucher, Rainer Kiko, Helena Hauss, Sabrina Dorschner, Wilhelm Hagen, Mariona Segura-Noguera, and Silke Lischka
Biogeosciences, 20, 945–969, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-945-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-945-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean upwelling regions are highly productive. With ocean warming, severe changes in upwelling frequency and/or intensity and expansion of accompanying oxygen minimum zones are projected. In a field experiment off Peru, we investigated how different upwelling intensities affect the pelagic food web and found failed reproduction of dominant zooplankton. The changes projected could severely impact the reproductive success of zooplankton communities and the pelagic food web in upwelling regions.
Mathilde Jutras, Alfonso Mucci, Gwenaëlle Chaillou, William A. Nesbitt, and Douglas W. R. Wallace
Biogeosciences, 20, 839–849, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-839-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-839-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The deep waters of the lower St Lawrence Estuary and gulf have, in the last decades, experienced a strong decline in their oxygen concentration. Below 65 µmol L-1, the waters are said to be hypoxic, with dire consequences for marine life. We show that the extent of the hypoxic zone shows a seven-fold increase in the last 20 years, reaching 9400 km2 in 2021. After a stable period at ~ 65 µmol L⁻¹ from 1984 to 2019, the oxygen level also suddenly decreased to ~ 35 µmol L-1 in 2020.
Sachi Umezawa, Manami Tozawa, Yuichi Nosaka, Daiki Nomura, Hiroji Onishi, Hiroto Abe, Tetsuya Takatsu, and Atsushi Ooki
Biogeosciences, 20, 421–438, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-421-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-421-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
We conducted repetitive observations in Funka Bay, Japan, during the spring bloom 2019. We found nutrient concentration decreases in the dark subsurface layer during the bloom. Incubation experiments confirmed that diatoms could consume nutrients at a substantial rate, even in darkness. We concluded that the nutrient reduction was mainly caused by nutrient consumption by diatoms in the dark.
Dirk Jong, Lisa Bröder, Tommaso Tesi, Kirsi H. Keskitalo, Nikita Zimov, Anna Davydova, Philip Pika, Negar Haghipour, Timothy I. Eglinton, and Jorien E. Vonk
Biogeosciences, 20, 271–294, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-271-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-271-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
With this study, we want to highlight the importance of studying both land and ocean together, and water and sediment together, as these systems function as a continuum, and determine how organic carbon derived from permafrost is broken down and its effect on global warming. Although on the one hand it appears that organic carbon is removed from sediments along the pathway of transport from river to ocean, it also appears to remain relatively ‘fresh’, despite this removal and its very old age.
Georgia Filippi, Manos Dassenakis, Vasiliki Paraskevopoulou, and Konstantinos Lazogiannis
Biogeosciences, 20, 163–189, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-163-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-163-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
The pollution of the western Saronikos Gulf from heavy metals has been examined through the study of marine sediment cores. It is a deep gulf (maximum depth 440 m) near Athens affected by industrial and volcanic activity. Eight cores were received from various stations and depths and analysed for their heavy metal content and geochemical characteristics. The results were evaluated by using statistical methods, environmental indicators and comparisons with old data.
Jing He and Michael D. Tyka
Biogeosciences, 20, 27–43, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-27-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-27-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Recently, ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) has gained interest as a scalable way to address the urgent need for negative CO2 emissions. In this paper we examine the capacity of different coastlines to tolerate alkalinity enhancement and the time scale of CO2 uptake following the addition of a given quantity of alkalinity. The results suggest that OAE has significant potential and identify specific favorable and unfavorable coastlines for its deployment.
Arnaud Laurent, Haiyan Zhang, and Katja Fennel
Biogeosciences, 19, 5893–5910, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5893-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5893-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Changjiang is the main terrestrial source of nutrients to the East China Sea (ECS). Nutrient delivery to the ECS has been increasing since the 1960s, resulting in low oxygen (hypoxia) during phytoplankton decomposition in summer. River phosphorus (P) has increased less than nitrogen, and therefore, despite the large nutrient delivery, phytoplankton growth can be limited by the lack of P. Here, we investigate this link between P limitation, phytoplankton production/decomposition, and hypoxia.
Coline Poppeschi, Guillaume Charria, Anne Daniel, Romaric Verney, Peggy Rimmelin-Maury, Michaël Retho, Eric Goberville, Emilie Grossteffan, and Martin Plus
Biogeosciences, 19, 5667–5687, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5667-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5667-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This paper aims to understand interannual changes in the initiation of the phytoplankton growing period (IPGP) in the current context of global climate changes over the last 20 years. An important variability in the timing of the IPGP is observed with a trend towards a later IPGP during this last decade. The role and the impact of extreme events (cold spells, floods, and wind burst) on the IPGP is also detailed.
Lin Yang, Jing Zhang, Anja Engel, and Gui-Peng Yang
Biogeosciences, 19, 5251–5268, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5251-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5251-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Enrichment factors of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the eastern marginal seas of China exhibited a significant spatio-temporal variation. Photochemical and enrichment processes co-regulated DOM enrichment in the sea-surface microlayer (SML). Autochthonous DOM was more frequently enriched in the SML than terrestrial DOM. DOM in the sub-surface water exhibited higher aromaticity than that in the SML.
Mona Norbisrath, Johannes Pätsch, Kirstin Dähnke, Tina Sanders, Gesa Schulz, Justus E. E. van Beusekom, and Helmuth Thomas
Biogeosciences, 19, 5151–5165, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5151-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5151-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Total alkalinity (TA) regulates the oceanic storage capacity of atmospheric CO2. TA is also metabolically generated in estuaries and influences coastal carbon storage through its inflows. We used water samples and identified the Hamburg port area as the one with highest TA generation. Of the overall riverine TA load, 14 % is generated within the estuary. Using a biogeochemical model, we estimated potential effects on the coastal carbon storage under possible anthropogenic and climate changes.
Le Zhang and Z. George Xue
Biogeosciences, 19, 4589–4618, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4589-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4589-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We adopt a high-resolution carbon model for the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) and calculate the decadal trends of important carbon system variables in the GoM from 2001 to 2019. The GoM surface CO2 values experienced a steady increase over the past 2 decades, and the ocean surface pH is declining. Although carbonate saturation rates remain supersaturated with aragonite, they show a slightly decreasing trend. The northern GoM is a stronger carbon sink than we thought.
Michael M. Whitney
Biogeosciences, 19, 4479–4497, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4479-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4479-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal hypoxia is a major environmental problem of increasing severity. The 21st-century projections analyzed indicate global coastal waters will warm and experience rapid declines in oxygen. The forecasted median coastal trends for increasing sea surface temperature and decreasing oxygen capacity are 48 % and 18 % faster than the rates observed over the last 4 decades. Existing hypoxic areas are expected to worsen, and new hypoxic areas likely will emerge under these warming-related pressures.
Bryce Van Dam, Nele Lehmann, Mary A. Zeller, Andreas Neumann, Daniel Pröfrock, Marko Lipka, Helmuth Thomas, and Michael Ernst Böttcher
Biogeosciences, 19, 3775–3789, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3775-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3775-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We quantified sediment–water exchange at shallow sites in the North and Baltic seas. We found that porewater irrigation rates in the former were approximately twice as high as previously estimated, likely driven by relatively high bioirrigative activity. In contrast, we found small net fluxes of alkalinity, ranging from −35 µmol m−2 h−1 (uptake) to 53 µmol m−2 h−1 (release). We attribute this to low net denitrification, carbonate mineral (re-)precipitation, and sulfide (re-)oxidation.
Jiaying Abby Guo, Robert Strzepek, Anusuya Willis, Aaron Ferderer, and Lennart Thomas Bach
Biogeosciences, 19, 3683–3697, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3683-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3683-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Ocean alkalinity enhancement is a CO2 removal method with significant potential, but it can lead to a perturbation of the ocean with trace metals such as nickel. This study tested the effect of increasing nickel concentrations on phytoplankton growth and photosynthesis. We found that the response to nickel varied across the 11 phytoplankton species tested here, but the majority were rather insensitive. We note, however, that responses may be different under other experimental conditions.
Malcolm E. Scully, W. Rockwell Geyer, David Borkman, Tracy L. Pugh, Amy Costa, and Owen C. Nichols
Biogeosciences, 19, 3523–3536, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3523-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3523-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
For two consecutive summers, the bottom waters in southern Cape Cod Bay became severely depleted of dissolved oxygen. Low oxygen levels in bottom waters have never been reported in this area before, and this unprecedented occurrence is likely the result of a new algae species that recently began blooming during the late-summer months. We present data suggesting that blooms of this new species are the result of regional climate change including warmer waters and changes in summer winds.
Zheng Chen, Bin Wang, Chuang Xu, Zhongren Zhang, Shiyu Li, and Jiatang Hu
Biogeosciences, 19, 3469–3490, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3469-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3469-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Deterioration of low-oxygen conditions in the coastal waters off Hong Kong was revealed by monitoring data over two decades. The declining wind forcing and the increasing nutrient input contributed significantly to the areal expansion and intense deterioration of low-oxygen conditions. Also, the exacerbated eutrophication drove a shift in the dominant source of organic matter from terrestrial inputs to in situ primary production, which has probably led to an earlier onset of hypoxia in summer.
Stella-Theresa Stoicescu, Jaan Laanemets, Taavi Liblik, Māris Skudra, Oliver Samlas, Inga Lips, and Urmas Lips
Biogeosciences, 19, 2903–2920, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2903-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2903-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Coastal basins with high input of nutrients often suffer from oxygen deficiency. In summer 2018, the extent of oxygen depletion was exceptional in the Gulf of Riga. We analyzed observational data and found that extensive oxygen deficiency appeared since the water layer close to the seabed, where oxygen is consumed, was separated from the surface layer. The problem worsens if similar conditions restricting vertical transport of oxygen occur more frequently in the future.
Justin C. Tiano, Jochen Depestele, Gert Van Hoey, João Fernandes, Pieter van Rijswijk, and Karline Soetaert
Biogeosciences, 19, 2583–2598, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2583-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2583-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study gives an assessment of bottom trawling on physical, chemical, and biological characteristics in a location known for its strong currents and variable habitats. Although trawl gears only removed the top 1 cm of the seabed surface, impacts on reef-building tubeworms significantly decreased carbon and nutrient cycling. Lighter trawls slightly reduced the impact on fauna and nutrients. Tubeworms were strongly linked to biogeochemical and faunal aspects before but not after trawling.
Inda Brinkmann, Christine Barras, Tom Jilbert, Tomas Næraa, K. Mareike Paul, Magali Schweizer, and Helena L. Filipsson
Biogeosciences, 19, 2523–2535, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2523-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2523-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The concentration of the trace metal barium (Ba) in coastal seawater is a function of continental input, such as riverine discharge. Our geochemical records of the severely hot and dry year 2018, and following wet year 2019, reveal that prolonged drought imprints with exceptionally low Ba concentrations in benthic foraminiferal calcium carbonates of coastal sediments. This highlights the potential of benthic Ba / Ca to trace past climate extremes and variability in coastal marine records.
Cited articles
Annane, S., St-Amand, L., Starr, M., Pelletier, E., and Ferreyra, G. A.:
Contribution of transparent exopolymeric particles (TEP) to estuarine
particulate organic carbon pool, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 529, 17–34,
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11294, 2015.
Bach, L. T., Taucher, J., Boxhammer, T., Ludwig, A., Aberle-Malzahn, N.,
Abrahamsson, K., Almén, A. K., Asplund, M. E., Audritz, S., Boersma, M.,
Breitbarth, E., Bridges, C., Brussaard, C., Brutemark, A., Clemmesen, C.,
Collins, S., Crawfurd, K., Dahlke, F., Deckelnick, M., Dittmar, T., Doose,
R., Dupont, S., Eberlein, T., Endres, S., Engel, A., Engström-Öst,
J., Febiri, S., Fleischer, D., Fritsche, P., Gledhill, M., Göttler, G.,
Granberg, M., Grossart, H. P., Grifos, A., Hoffmann, L., Karlsson, A.,
Klages, M., John, U., Jutfelt, F., Köster, I., Lange, J., Leo, E.,
Lischka, S., Lohbeck, K., Lundve, B., Mark, F. C., Meyerhöfer, M.,
Nicolai, M., Pansch, C., Petersson, B., Reusch, T., De Moraes, K. R.,
Schartau, M., Scheinin, M., Schulz, K. G., Schwarz, U., Stenegren, M.,
Stiasny, M., Storch, D., Stuhr, A., Sswat, L., Svensson, M., Thor, P., Voss,
M., Van De Waal, D., Wannicke, N., Wohlrab, S., Wulff, A., Achterberg, E. P.,
Algueró-Muñiz, M., Anderson, L. G., Bellworthy, J., Büdenbender,
J., Czerny, J., Ericson, Y., Esposito, M., Fischer, M., Haunost, M.,
Hellemann, D., Horn, H. G., Hornick, T., Meyer, J., Sswat, M., Zark, M., and
Riebesell, U.: Influence of ocean acidification on a natural winter-to-summer
plankton succession: First insights from a long-term mesocosm study draw
attention to periods of low nutrient concentrations, PLoS ONE, 11, 1–33,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0159068, 2016.
Beardall, J., Stojkovic, S., and Gao, K.: Interactive effects of nutrient
supply and other environmental factors on the sensitivity of marine primary
producers to ultraviolet radiation: Implications for the impacts of global
change, Aquat. Biol., 22, 5–23, https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00582, 2014.
Bénard, R., Levasseur, M., Scarratt, M. G., Blais, M.-A., Mucci, A.,
Ferreyra, G. A., Starr, M., Gosselin, M., Tremblay, J.-É., and Lizotte,
M.: Experimental assessment of the St. Lawrence Estuary phytoplankton fall
bloom sensitivity to acidification and warming, PANGAEA,
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.886887, 2018.
Bérard-Therriault, L., Poulin, M., and Bossé, L.: Guide
d'identification du phytoplancton marin de l'estuaire et du golfe du
Saint-Laurent incluant également certains protozoaires, Canadian Special
Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 128, 1–387, 1999.
Boyd, P. W. and Hutchins, D. A.: Understanding the responses of ocean biota
to a complex matrix of cumulative anthropogenic change, Mar. Ecol.-Prog.
Ser., 470, 125–135, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10121, 2012.
Boyd, P. W., Rynearson, T. A., Armstrong, E. A., Fu, F., Hayashi, K., Hu, Z.,
Hutchins, D. A., Kudela, R. M., Litchman, E., Mulholland, M. R., Passow, U.,
Strzepek, R. F., Whittaker, K. A., Yu, E., and Thomas, M. K.: Marine
Phytoplankton temperature versus growth responses from polar to tropical
waters – outcome of a scientific community-wide study, PLoS ONE, 8,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0063091, 2013.
Boyd, P. W., Lennartz, S. T., Glover, D. M., and Doney, S. C.: Biological
ramifications of climate-change-mediated oceanic multi-stressors, Nat. Clim.
Change, 5, 71–79, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2441, 2015.
Brussaard, C. P. D., Noordeloos, A. A. M., Witte, H., Collenteur, M. C. J.,
Schulz, K., Ludwig, A., and Riebesell, U.: Arctic microbial community
dynamics influenced by elevated CO2 levels, Biogeosciences, 10,
719–731, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-719-2013, 2013.
Butrón, A., Iriarte, A., and Madariaga, I.: Size-fractionated
phytoplankton biomass, primary production and respiration in the
Nervión-Ibaizabal estuary: A comparison with other nearshore coastal and
estuarine ecosystems from the Bay of Biscay, Cont. Shelf Res., 29,
1088–1102, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2008.11.013, 2009.
Byrne, R. H.: Standardization of Standard Buffers by Visible Spectrometry,
Anal. Chem, 59, 1479–1481, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00137a025, 1987.
Cai, W. J. and Wang, Y.: The chemistry, fluxes, and sources of carbon dioxide
in the estuarine waters of the Satilla and Altamaha Rivers, Georgia, Limnol.
Oceanogr., 43, 657–668, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1998.43.4.0657, 1998.
Caldeira, K. and Wickett, M. E.: Ocean model predictions of chemistry changes
from carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere and ocean, J. Geophys. Res.,
110, 1–12, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JC002671, 2005.
Clayton, T. D. and Byrne, R. H.: Spectrophotometric seawater pH measurements:
total hydrogen ion concentration scale calibration of m-cresol purple and
at-sea results, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 40, 2115–2129,
https://doi.org/10.1016/0967-0637(93)90048-8, 1993.
d'Anglejan, B.: Recent sediments and sediment transport processes in the St.
Lawrence Estuary, in: Oceanography of a large-scale estuarine system, edited
by: El-Sabh, M. I. and Silverberg, N., Springer-Verlag, New York, USA,
109–129, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7534-4_6, 1990.
Delille, B., Harlay, J., Zondervan, I., Jacquet, S., Chou, L., Wollast, R.,
Bellerby, R. G. J., Frankignoulle, M., Borges, A. V., Riebesell, U., and
Gattuso, J. P.: Response of primary production and calcification to changes
of pCO2 during experimental blooms of the coccolithophorid
Emiliania huxleyi, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 19, 1–14,
https://doi.org/10.1029/2004GB002318, 2005.
Dickson, A. G.: Standard potential of the reaction:
AgCl(s) + 1 2H2(g) = Ag(s) + HCl(aq) and the standard
acidity constant of the ion HSO
Dinauer, A. and Mucci, A.: Spatial variability in surface-water
pCO2 and gas exchange in the world's largest semi-enclosed
estuarine system: St. Lawrence Estuary (Canada), Biogeosciences, 14,
3221–3237, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3221-2017, 2017.
Doney, S. C., Fabry, V. J., Feely, R. A., and Kleypas, J. A.: Ocean
acidification: The other CO2 problem, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 1,
169–192, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163834, 2009.
Duarte, C. M., Hendriks, I. E., Moore, T. S., Olsen, Y. S., Steckbauer, A.,
Ramajo, L., Carstensen, J., Trotter, J. A., and McCulloch, M.: Is ocean
acidification an open-ocean syndrome? Understanding anthropogenic impacts on
seawater pH, Estuaries Coasts, 36, 221–236, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-013-9594-3,
2013.
Eberlein, T., Wohlrab, S., Rost, B., John, U., Bach, L. T., Riebesell, U.,
and Van De Waal, D. B.: Effects of ocean acidification on primary production
in a coastal North Sea phytoplankton community, PLoS ONE, 12, e0172594,
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0172594, 2017.
Engel, A., Zondervan, I., Aerts, K., Beaufort, L., Benthien, A., Chou, L.,
Delille, B., Gattuso, J.-P., Harlay, J., Heeman, C., Hoffmann, L., Jacquet,
S., Nejstgaard, J., Pizay, M.-D., Rochelle-Newall, E., Schneider, U.,
Terbrueggen A., and Riebesell, U.: Testing the direct effect of CO2
concentration on a bloom of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi
in mesocosm experiments, Limnol. Oceanogr., 50, 493–507,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2005.50.2.0493, 2005.
Engel, A., Händel, N., Wohlers, J., Lunau, M., Grossart, H.-P., Sommer,
U., and Riebesell, U.: Effects of sea surface warming on the production and
composition of dissolved organic matter during phytoplankton blooms: Results
from a mesocosm study, J. Plankton Res., 33, 357–372,
https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbq122, 2011.
Engel, A., Borchard, C., Piontek, J., Schulz, K. G., Riebesell, U., and
Bellerby, R.: CO2 increases 14C primary production in an
Arctic plankton community, Biogeosciences, 10, 1291–1308,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1291-2013, 2013.
Engel, A., Piontek, J., Grossart, H.-P., Riebesell, U., Schulz, K. G., and
Sperling, M.: Impact of CO2 enrichment on organic matter dynamics
during nutrient induced coastal phytoplankton blooms, J. Plankton Res., 36,
641–657, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbt125, 2014.
Feely, R. A., Doney, S. C., and Cooley, S. R.: Ocean acidification: present
conditions and future changes in a high-CO2 world, Oceanography, 22,
36–47, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2009.95, 2009.
Feng, Y., Hare, C. E., Leblanc, K., Rose, J. M., Zhang, Y., DiTullio, G. R.,
Lee, P. A., Wilhelm, S. W., Rowe, J. M., Sun, J., Nemcek, N., Gueguen, C.,
Passow, U., Benner, I., Brown, C., and Hutchins, D. A.: Effects of increased
pCO2 and temperature on the North Atlantic spring bloom.
I. The phytoplankton community and biogeochemical response, Mar. Ecol.-Prog.
Ser., 388, 13–25, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08133, 2009.
Ferland, J., Gosselin, M., and Starr, M.: Environmental control of summer
primary production in the Hudson Bay system: The role of stratification, J.
Marine Syst., 88, 385–400, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.03.015, 2011.
Fu, F. X., Warner, M. E., Zhang, Y., Feng, Y., and Hutchins, D. A.: Effects
of increased temperature and CO2 on photosynthesis, growth, and
elemental ratios in marine Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus (Cyanobacteria),
J. Phycol., 43, 485–496, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2007.00355.x, 2007.
Gaaloul, H.: Effets du changement global sur les particules
exopolymériques transparentes au sein de l'estuaire maritime du
Saint-Laurent, M.Sc. thesis, Université du Québec à Rimouski,
Canada, 133 pp., 2017.
Galbraith, P. S., Chassé, J., Gilbert, D., Larouche, P., Caverhill, C.,
Lefaivre, D., Brickman, D., Pettigrew, B., Devine, L., and Lafleur, C.:
Physical Oceanographic Conditions in the Gulf of St. Lawrence in 2013, DFO
Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc., 2014/062 (November), vi + 84 pp., 2014.
Gao, G., Jin, P., Liu, N., Li, F., Tong, S., Hutchins, D. A., and Gao, K.:
The acclimation process of phytoplankton biomass, carbon fixation and
respiration to the combined effects of elevated temperature and
pCO2 in the northern South China Sea, Mar. Pollut. Bull.,
118, 213–220, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.063, 2017.
Gao, K. and Campbell, D. A.: Photophysiological responses of marine diatoms
to elevated CO2 and decreased pH: A review, Funct. Plant Biol., 41,
449–459, https://doi.org/10.1071/FP13247, 2014.
Gattuso, J. P., Mach, K. J., and Morgan, G.: Ocean acidification and its
impacts: An expert survey, Climatic Change, 117, 725–738,
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-012-0591-5, 2013.
Gattuso, J.-P., Magnan, A., Bille, R., Cheung, W. W. L., Howes, E. L., Joos,
F., Allemand, D., Bopp, L., Cooley, S. R., Eakin, C. M., Hoegh-Guldberg, O.,
Kelly, R. P., Portner, H.-O., Rogers, A. D., Baxter, J. M., Laffoley, D.,
Osborn, D., Rankovic, A., Rochette, J., Sumaila, U. R., Treyer, S., and
Turley, C.: Contrasting futures for ocean and society from different
anthropogenic CO2 emissions scenarios, Science, 349, aac4722,
https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aac4722, 2015.
Giordano, M., Beardall, J., and Raven, J. A.: CO2 concentrating
mechanisms in algae: Mechanisms, environmental modulation., and evolution,
Annu. Rev. Plant Biol., 56, 99–131,
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.56.032604.144052, 2005.
Gunderson, A. R., Armstrong, E. J., and Stillman, J. H.: Multiple stressors
in a changing World: The need for an improved perspective on physiological
responses to the dynamic marine environment, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 8,
357–378, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-marine-122414-033953, 2016.
Hama, T., Inoue, T., Suzuki, R., Kashiwazaki, H., Wada, S., Sasano, D.,
Kosugi, N., and Ishii, M.: Response of a phytoplankton community to nutrient
addition under different CO2 and pH conditions, J. Oceanogr., 72,
207–223, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10872-015-0322-4, 2016.
Hansen, H. P. and Koroleff, F.: Determination of nutrients, in: Methods of
Seawater Analysis, 3, edited by: Grasshoff K., Kremling, K., and Ehrhardt,
M., Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH, Weinheim, Germany, 159–228,
https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527613984.ch10, 2007.
Hare, C. E., Leblanc, K., DiTullio, G. R., Kudela, R. M., Zhang, Y., Lee, P.
A., Riseman, S., and Hutchins, D. A.: Consequences of increased temperature
and CO2 for phytoplankton community structure in the Bering Sea, Mar.
Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 352, 9–16, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07182, 2007.
Havenhand, J., Dupont, S., and Quinn, G. P.: Designing ocean acidification
experiments to maximise inference, in: Guide to best practices for ocean
acidification research and data reporting, edited by: Riebesell, U., Fabry,
V. J., and Gattuso, J.-P., Publications Office of the European Union,
Luxembourg, 67–80, 2010.
Hopkins, F. E., Turner, S. M., Nightingale, P. D., Steinke, M., Bakker, D.,
and Liss, P. S.: Ocean acidification and marine trace gas emissions, P. Natl.
Acad. Sci. USA, 107, 760–765, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0907163107, 2010.
Hussherr, R., Levasseur, M., Lizotte, M., Tremblay, J.-É., Mol, J.,
Thomas, H., Gosselin, M., Starr, M., Miller, L. A., Jarniková, T.,
Schuback, N., and Mucci, A.: Impact of ocean acidification on Arctic
phytoplankton blooms and dimethyl sulfide concentration under simulated
ice-free and under-ice conditions, Biogeosciences, 14, 2407–2427,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2407-2017, 2017.
IPCC: Working Group I Contribution to the Fifth Assessment Report Climate
Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis, Intergov. Panel Clim. Chang., 1535,
Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324,
2013.
Kim, J.-H., Kim, K. Y., Kang, E. J., Lee, K., Kim, J.-M., Park, K.-T., Shin,
K., Hyun, B., and Jeong, H. J.: Enhancement of photosynthetic carbon
assimilation efficiency by phytoplankton in the future coastal ocean,
Biogeosciences, 10, 7525–7535, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-7525-2013,
2013.
Kim, J. M., Lee, K., Shin, K., Yang, E. J., Engel, A., Karl, D. M., and Kim,
H. C.: Shifts in biogenic carbon flow from particulate to dissolved forms
under high carbon dioxide and warm ocean conditions, Geophys. Res. Lett., 38,
L08612, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047346, 2011.
Kim, K. Y., Garbary, D. J., and Mclachlan, J. L.: Phytoplankton dynamics in
Pomquet Harbour, Nova Scotia: a lagoon in the southern Gulf of St Lawrence,
Phycologica, 43, 311–328, 2004.
Knap, A., Michaels, A., Close, A. R., Ducklow, H., and Dickson, A. G.:
Protocols for the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) core measurements,
JGOFS Rep No. 19, Reprint of the IOC Manuals and Guides No. 29, UNESCO,
Bergen, Norway, 1996.
Kroeker, K. J., Kordas, R. L., Crim, R., Hendriks, I. E., Ramajo, L., Singh,
G. S., Duarte, C. M., and Gattuso, J. P.: Impacts of ocean acidification on
marine organisms: Quantifying sensitivities and interaction with warming,
Glob. Change Biol., 19, 1884–1896, https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12179, 2013.
Larouche, P. and Galbraith, P. S.: Canadian coastal seas and Great Lakes sea
surface temperature climatology and recent trends, Can. J. Remote Sens., 42,
243–258, https://doi.org/10.1080/07038992.2016.1166041, 2016.
Law, C. S., Breitbarth, E., Hoffmann, L. J., McGraw, C. M., Langlois, R. J.,
Laroche, J., Marriner, A., and Safi, K. A.: No stimulation of nitrogen
fixation by non-filamentous diazoytrophs under elevated CO2 in the
South Pacific, Glob. Change Biol., 18, 3004–3014, 2012.
Legendre, L., Demers, S., Yentsch, C. M., and Yentsch, C. S.: The
14C method: Patterns of dark CO2 fixation and DCMU
correction to replace the dark bottle, Limnol. Oceanogr., 28, 996–1003,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1983.28.5.0996, 1983.
Levasseur, M., Therriault, J.-C., and Legendre, L.: Hierarchical control of
phytoplankton succession by physical factors, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 19,
211–222, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps019211, 1984.
Levasseur, M. E. and Therriault, J.-C.: Phytoplankton biomass and nutrient
dynamics in a tidally induced upwelling: the role of teh
NO3 : SiO4 ratio, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 39, 87–97,
1987.
Levasseur, M. E., Harrison, P. J., Heimdal, B. R., and Therriault, J.-C.:
Simultaneous nitrogen and silicate deficiency of a phytoplankton community in
a coastal jet-front, Mar. Biol., 104, 329–338, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01313275, 1990.
Lomas, M. W., Hopkinson, B. M., Losh, J. L., Ryan, D. E., Shi, D. L., Xu, Y.,
and Morel, F. M. M.: Effect of ocean acidification on cyanobacteria in the
subtropical North Atlantic, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 66, 211–222,
https://doi.org/10.3354/ame01576, 2012.
Lund, J. W. G., Kipling, C., and Le Cren, E. D.: The inverted microscope
method of estimating algal numbers and the statistical basis of estimates by
counting, Hydrobiologia, 11, 143–170, 1958.
MacGilchrist, G. A., Shi, T., Tyrrell, T., Richier, S., Moore, C. M.,
Dumousseaud, C., and Achterberg, E. P.: Effect of enhanced
pCO2 levels on the production of dissolved organic carbon
and transparent exopolymer particles in short-term bioassay experiments,
Biogeosciences, 11, 3695–3706, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-11-3695-2014,
2014.
Marie, D., Simon, N., and Vaulot, D.: Phytoplankton cell counting by flow
cytometry, in: Algal culturing techniques, edited by: Andersen, R. A.,
Elsevier Academic Press, San Diego, USA, 253–267, 2005.
Maugendre, L., Gattuso, J. P., Louis, J., De Kluijver, A., Marro, S.,
Soetaert, K., and Gazeau, F.: Effect of ocean warming and acidification on a
plankton community in the NW Mediterranean Sea, ICES J. Mar. Sci., 72,
1744–1755, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsu161, 2015.
Millero, F. J.: The pH of estuarine waters, Limnol. Oceanogr., 31, 839–847,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1986.31.4.0839, 1986.
Montagnes, D. J. S. and Franklin, M.: Effect of temperature on diatom volume,
growth rate, and carbon and nitrogen content: Reconsidering some paradigms,
Limnol. Oceanogr., 46, 2008–2018, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2001.46.8.2008, 2001.
Morán, X. A. G., Alonso-Sáez, L., Nogueira, E., Ducklow, H. W.,
González, N., López-Urrutia, Á, Díaz-Pérez, L.,
Calvo-Díaz, A., Arandia-Gorostidi, N., and Huete-Stauffer, T. M.: More,
smaller bacteria in response to ocean's warming?, P. R. Soc B, 282, 1–9,
https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.0371, 2015.
Morán, X. A. G., Sebastián, M., Pedrós-Alió, C., and Estrada,
M.: Response of Southern Ocean phytoplankton and bacterioplankton production
to short-term experimental warming, Limnol. Oceanogr., 51, 1791–1800,
https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2006.51.4.1791, 2006.
Mucci, A., Levasseur, M., Gratton, Y., Martias, C., Scarratt, M., Gilbert,
D., Tremblay, J.-É., Ferreyra, G., and Lansard, B.: Tidally-induced
variations of pH at the head of the Laurentian Channel, Can. J. Fish. Aquat.
Sci., 75, 1128–1141, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2017-0007, 2018.
Neale, P. J., Sobrino, C., Segovia, M., Mercado, J. M., Leon, P., Cortés,
M. D., Tuite, P., Picazo, A., Salles, S., Cabrerizo, M. J., Prasil, O.,
Montecino, V., and Reul, A.: Effect of CO2, nutrients and light on
coastal plankton. I. Abiotic conditions and biological responses, Aquat.
Biol., 22, 25–41, https://doi.org/10.3354/ab00587, 2014.
Parsons, T. R., Maita, Y., and Lalli, C. M.: A manual of chemical and
biological methods for seawater analysis, Permagon Press, New York, 1984.
Paul, C., Matthiessen, B., and Sommer, U.: Warming, but not enhanced
CO2 concentration, quantitatively and qualitatively affects
phytoplankton biomass, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 528, 39–51,
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11264, 2015.
Paul, C., Sommer, U., Garzke, J., Moustaka-Gouni, M., Paul, A., and
Matthiessen, B.: Effects of increased CO2 concentration on nutrient
limited coastal summer plankton depend on temperature, Limnol. Oceanogr., 61,
853–868, https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.10256, 2016.
Paulino, A. I., Egge, J. K., and Larsen, A.: Effects of increased atmospheric
CO2 on small and intermediate sized osmotrophs during a nutrient
induced phytoplankton bloom, Biogeosciences, 5, 739–748,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-739-2008, 2008.
Pierrot, D., Lewis, E., and Wallace, D. W. R.: MS Excel program developed for
CO2 system calculations, Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center,
ORNL/CDIAC-105a, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, US Department of Energy, Oak
Ridge, 592 Tennessee, 2006.
Raven, J. A., Beardall, J., and Giordano, M.: Energy costs of carbon dioxide
concentrating mechanisms in aquatic organisms, Photosynth. Res., 121,
111–124, 2014.
Riebesell, U. and Gattuso, J.-P.: Lessons learned from ocean acidification
research, Nat. Clim. Change, 5, 12–14, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2456, 2015.
Riebesell, U. and Tortell, P. D.: Effects of ocean acidification on pelagic
organism and ecosystems, in: Ocean Acidification, edited by: Gattuso, J.-P.
and Hansson L., Oxford University Press, New York, 99–121, 2011.
Riebesell, U., Schulz, K. G., Bellerby, R. G. J., Botros, M., Fritsche, P.,
Meyerhöfer, M., Neill, C., Nondal, G., Oschlies, A., Wohlers, J., and
Zöllner, E.: Enhanced biological carbon consumption in a high CO2
ocean, Nature, 450, 545–548, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature06267, 2007.
Riebesell, U., Czerny, J., von Bröckel, K., Boxhammer, T.,
Büdenbender, J., Deckelnick, M., Fischer, M., Hoffmann, D., Krug, S. A.,
Lentz, U., Ludwig, A., Muche, R., and Schulz, K. G.: Technical Note: A mobile
sea-going mesocosm system – new opportunities for ocean change research,
Biogeosciences, 10, 1835–1847, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-1835-2013,
2013.
Robarts, R. D. and Zohary, T.: Temperature effects on photosynthetic
capacity, respiration., and growth rates of bloom-forming cyanobacteria, New
Zeal. J. Mar. Fresh., 21, 391–399, https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.1987.9516235, 1987.
Robert-Baldo, G., Morris, M., and Byrne, R.: Spectrophotometric determination
of seawater pH using phenol red, Anal. Chem., 3, 2564–2567,
https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00290a030, 1985.
Rose, J. M., Feng, Y., Gobler, C. J., Gutierrez, R., Harel, C. E., Leblanc,
K., and Hutchins, D. A.: Effects of increased pCO2 and
temperature on the North Atlantic spring bloom. II. Microzooplankton
abundance and grazing, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 388, 27–40,
https://doi.org/10.3354/meps08134, 2009.
Roy, S., Chanut, J.-P., Gosselin, M., and Sime-Ngando, T.: Characterization
of phytoplankton communities in the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary using
HPLC-detected pigments and cell microscopy, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 142,
55–73, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps142055, 1996.
Sala, M. M., Aparicio, F. L., Balagué, V., Boras, J. A., Borrull, E.,
Cardelús, C., Cros, L., Gomes, A., López-Sanz, A., Malits, A.,
Martinez, R. A., Mestre, M., Movilla, J., Sarmento, H.,
Vázquez-Domínguez, E., Vaqué, D., Pinhassi, J., Calbet, A.,
Calvo, E., Gasol, J. M., Pelejero, C., and Marrasé, C.: Contrasting
effects of ocean acidification on the microbial food web under different
trophic conditions, ICES J. Mar. Sci., 73, 670–679,
https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv130, 2016.
Schulz, K. G., Bellerby, R. G. J., Brussaard, C. P. D., Büdenbender, J.,
Czerny, J., Engel, A., Fischer, M., Koch-Klavsen, S., Krug, S. A., Lischka,
S., Ludwig, A., Meyerhöfer, M., Nondal, G., Silyakova, A., Stuhr, A., and
Riebesell, U.: Temporal biomass dynamics of an Arctic plankton bloom in
response to increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide, Biogeosciences,
10, 161–180, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-161-2013, 2013.
Schulz, K. G., Bach, L. T., Bellerby, R. G. J., Bermudez, R., Budenbender,
J., Boxhammer, T., Czerny, J., Engel, A., Ludwig, A., Meyerhofer, M., Larsen,
A., Paul, A., Sswat, M., and Riebesell, U.: Phytoplankton blooms at
increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide: experimental evidence for
negative effects on prymnesiophytes and positive on small picoeukaryotes,
Front. Mar. Sci., 4, 64, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2017.00064, 2017.
Sommer, U. and Lengfellner, K.: Climate change and the timing, magnitude, and
composition of the phytoplankton spring bloom, Glob. Change Biol., 14,
1199–1208, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01571.x, 2008.
Sommer, U., Paul, C., and Moustaka-Gouni, M.: Warming and ocean acidification
effects on phytoplankton – From species shifts to size shifts within species
in a mesocosm experiment, PLoS ONE, 10, 17, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0125239,
2015.
Starr, M., St-Amand, L., Devine, L., Bérard-Therriault, L., and
Galbraith, P. S.: State of phytoplankton in the Estuary and Gulf of St.
Lawrence during 2003, DFO Can. Sci. Advis. Sec. Res. Doc., 2004/123,
ii+31 pp., 2004.
Suzuki, Y. and Takahashi, M.: Growth responses of several diatom species
isolated from various environments to temperature, J. Phycol., 31, 880–888,
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1995.00880.x, 1995.
Tatters, A. O., Roleda, M. Y., Schnetzer, A., Fu, F., Hurd, C. L., Boyd, P.
W., Caron, D. A., Lie, A. A. Y., Hoffmann, L. J., and Hutchins, D. A.: Short-
and long-term conditioning of a temperate marine diatom community to
acidification and warming, Philos. T. Roy. Soc. B, 368, 20120437,
https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0437, 2013.
Taylor, A. H., Harbour, D. S., Harris, R. P., Burkill, P. H., and Edwards, E.
S.: Seasonal succession in the pelagic ecosystem of the North Atlantic and
the utilization of nitrogen, J. Plankton Res., 15, 875–891,
https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/15.8.875, 1993.
Thomas, M. K., Kremer, C. T., Klausmeier, C. A., and Litchman, E.: A global
pattern of thermal adaptation in marine phytoplankton, Science, 338,
1085–1088, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1224836, 2012.
Todgham, A. E. and Stillman, J. H.: Physiological responses to shifts in
multiple environmental stressors: Relevance in a changing world, Integr.
Comp. Biol., 53, 539–544, https://doi.org/10.1093/icb/ict086, 2013.
Tomas, C. R. (Ed.): Identifying Marine Phytoplankton, Academic Press, San
Diego, 858 pp., 1997.
Tortell, P. D., DiTullio, G. R., Sigman, D. M., and Morel, F. M. M.:
CO2 effects on taxonomic composition and nutrient utilization in an
Equatorial Pacific phytoplankton assemblage, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 236,
37–43, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps236037, 2002.
Trimborn, S., Wolf-Gladrow, D., Richter, K. U., and Rost, B.: The effect of
pCO2 on carbon acquisition and intracellular assimilation in
four marine diatoms, J. Exp. Mar. Bio. Ecol., 376, 26–36,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2009.05.017, 2009.
Wijffels, S., Roemmich, D., Monselesan, D., Church, J., and Gilson, J.: Ocean
temperatures chronicle the ongoing warming of Earth, Nat. Clim. Change, 6,
116–118, https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2924, 2016.
Wohlers, J., Engel, A., Zollner, E., Breithaupt, P., Jurgens, K., Hoppe,
H.-G., Sommer, U., and Riebesell, U.: Changes in biogenic carbon flow in
response to sea surface warming, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 106, 7067–7072,
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0812743106, 2009.
Wu, Y., Gao, K., and Riebesell, U.: CO2-induced seawater
acidification affects physiological performance of the marine diatom
Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Biogeosciences, 7, 2915–2923,
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-2915-2010, 2010.
Yoshimura, T., Nishioka, J., Suzuki, K., Hattori, H., Kiyosawa, H., and
Watanabe, Y. W.: Impacts of elevated CO2 on organic carbon dynamics
in nutrient depleted Okhotsk Sea surface waters, J. Exp. Mar. Bio. Ecol.,
395, 191–198, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jembe.2010.09.001, 2010.
Yoshimura, T., Sugie, K., Endo, H., Suzuki, K., Nishioka, J., and Ono, T.:
Organic matter production response to CO2 increase in open subarctic
plankton communities: Comparison of six microcosm experiments under
iron-limited and -enriched bloom conditions, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 94, 1–14,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2014.08.004, 2014.
Short summary
We investigated the combined effect of ocean acidification and warming on the dynamics of the phytoplankton fall boom in the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary, Canada. Twelve 2600 L mesocosms were used to cover a wide range of pH and two temperatures. We found that warming, rather than acidification, is more likely to alter the autumnal bloom in this estuary in the decades to come by stimulating the development and senescence of diatoms, and promoting picocyanobacteria proliferation.
We investigated the combined effect of ocean acidification and warming on the dynamics of the...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint