Articles | Volume 10, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5061-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-10-5061-2013
© Author(s) 2013. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
26 Jul 2013
Research article |
| 26 Jul 2013
Timing of fire relative to seed development may enable non-serotinous species to recolonize from the aerial seed banks of fire-killed trees
S. T. Michaletz
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, 1041 E Lowell St., BSW #310, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
Department of Biological Sciences and Biogeoscience Institute, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
E. A. Johnson
Department of Biological Sciences and Biogeoscience Institute, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
W. E. Mell
Pacific Wildland Fire Sciences Lab, US Forest Service, 400 N. 34th St. Suite 201, Seattle, WA 98103, USA
D. F. Greene
Department of Geography, Planning & Environment, Concordia University, 1455 de Maisonneuve W., H 1255-26 Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada
Related subject area
Biogeophysics: Physical - Biological Coupling
Phytoplankton reaction to an intense storm in the north-western Mediterranean Sea
Lagrangian and Eulerian time and length scales of mesoscale ocean chlorophyll from Bio-Argo floats and satellites
Reply to Lars Olof Björn's comment on “Fundamental molecules of life are pigments which arose and co-evolved as a response to the thermodynamic imperative of dissipating the prevailing solar spectrum” by Michaelian and Simeonov (2015)
Assimilation of multiple different datasets results in large differences in regional to global-scale NEE and GPP budgets simulated by a terrestrial biosphere model
Evaluation of gradient boosting and random forest methods to model subdaily variability of the atmosphere–forest CO2 exchange
Modelling submerged biofouled microplastics and their vertical trajectories
A Bayesian sequential updating approach to predict phenology of silage maize
Using an oceanographic model to investigate the mystery of the missing puerulus
Climate pathways behind phytoplankton-induced atmospheric warming
Impact of moderately energetic fine-scale dynamics on the phytoplankton community structure in the western Mediterranean Sea
Seasonal ecosystem vulnerability to climatic anomalies in the Mediterranean
Grazing behavior and winter phytoplankton accumulation
Episodic subduction patches in the western North Pacific identified from BGC-Argo float data
Do Loop Current eddies stimulate productivity in the Gulf of Mexico?
Quasi-tropical cyclone caused anomalous autumn coccolithophore bloom in the Black Sea
Divergent climate feedbacks on winter wheat growing and dormancy periods as affected by sowing date in the North China Plain
Microclimatic comparison of lichen heaths and shrubs: shrubification generates atmospheric heating but subsurface cooling during the growing season
Fire and vegetation dynamics in northwest Siberia during the last 60 years based on high-resolution remote sensing
Evidence of eddy-related deep-ocean current variability in the northeast tropical Pacific Ocean induced by remote gap winds
Root uptake under mismatched distributions of water and nutrients in the root zone
Interactive impacts of meteorological and hydrological conditions on the physical and biogeochemical structure of a coastal system
Protists and collembolans alter microbial community composition, C dynamics and soil aggregation in simplified consumer–prey systems
Abundance and viability of particle-attached and free-floating bacteria in dusty and nondusty air
Linking tundra vegetation, snow, soil temperature, and permafrost
Drivers of the spatial phytoplankton gradient in estuarine–coastal systems: generic implications of a case study in a Dutch tidal bay
Biological and biogeochemical methods for estimating bioirrigation: a case study in the Oosterschelde estuary
Dissolved inorganic nitrogen and particulate organic nitrogen budget in the Yucatán shelf: driving mechanisms through a physical–biogeochemical coupled model
Basal thermal regime affects the biogeochemistry of subglacial systems
Influence of oceanic conditions in the energy transfer efficiency estimation of a micronekton model
Modulation of the North Atlantic deoxygenation by the slowdown of the nutrient stream
Stand age and species composition effects on surface albedo in a mixedwood boreal forest
Assessing the peatland hummock–hollow classification framework using high-resolution elevation models: implications for appropriate complexity ecosystem modeling
Tidal and seasonal forcing of dissolved nutrient fluxes in reef communities
Ideas and perspectives: Development of nascent autotrophic carbon fixation systems in various redox conditions of the fluid degassing on early Earth
Vertical distribution of chlorophyll in dynamically distinct regions of the southern Bay of Bengal
Remote and local drivers of oxygen and nitrate variability in the shallow oxygen minimum zone off Mauritania in June 2014
Longitudinal contrast in turbulence along a ∼ 19° S section in the Pacific and its consequences for biogeochemical fluxes
Ideas and perspectives: Strengthening the biogeosciences in environmental research networks
Imprint of Southern Ocean mesoscale eddies on chlorophyll
Grazing increases litter decomposition rate but decreases nitrogen release rate in an alpine meadow
Large- to submesoscale surface circulation and its implications on biogeochemical/biological horizontal distributions during the OUTPACE cruise (southwest Pacific)
OUTPACE long duration stations: physical variability, context of biogeochemical sampling, and evaluation of sampling strategy
Reviews and syntheses: on the roles trees play in building and plumbing the critical zone
Effects of shrub and tree cover increase on the near-surface atmosphere in northern Fennoscandia
Morphological plasticity of root growth under mild water stress increases water use efficiency without reducing yield in maize
Amplification of global warming through pH dependence of DMS production simulated with a fully coupled Earth system model
Physical control of interannual variations of the winter chlorophyll bloom in the northern Arabian Sea
Tree growth and its climate signal along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients: comparison of tree rings between Finland and the Tibetan Plateau
Biogeochemical versus ecological consequences of modeled ocean physics
Analytical solution of the nitracline with the evolution of subsurface chlorophyll maximum in stratified water columns
Stéphanie Barrillon, Robin Fuchs, Anne A. Petrenko, Caroline Comby, Anthony Bosse, Christophe Yohia, Jean-Luc Fuda, Nagib Bhairy, Frédéric Cyr, Andrea M. Doglioli, Gérald Grégori, Roxane Tzortzis, Francesco d'Ovidio, and Melilotus Thyssen
Biogeosciences, 20, 141–161, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-141-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-141-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Extreme weather events can have a major impact on ocean physics and biogeochemistry, but their study is challenging. In May 2019, an intense storm occurred in the north-western Mediterranean Sea, during which in situ multi-platform measurements were performed. The results show a strong impact on the surface phytoplankton, highlighting the need for high-resolution measurements coupling physics and biology during these violent events that may become more common in the context of global change.
Darren C. McKee, Scott C. Doney, Alice Della Penna, Emmanuel S. Boss, Peter Gaube, Michael J. Behrenfeld, and David M. Glover
Biogeosciences, 19, 5927–5952, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5927-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5927-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
As phytoplankton (small, drifting photosynthetic organisms) drift with ocean currents, biomass accumulation rates should be evaluated in a Lagrangian (observer moves with a fluid parcel) as opposed to an Eulerian (observer is stationary) framework. Here, we use profiling floats and surface drifters combined with satellite data to analyse time and length scales of chlorophyll concentrations (a proxy for biomass) and of velocity to quantify how phytoplankton variability is related to water motion.
Karo Michaelian and Aleksandar Simeonov
Biogeosciences, 19, 4029–4034, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4029-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4029-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We reply to Lars Björn's critique of our article concerning the importance of photon dissipation to the origin and evolution of the biosphere. Björn doubts our assertion that organic pigments, ecosystems, and the biosphere arose out of a non-equilibrium thermodynamic imperative to increase global photon dissipation. He shows that the albedo of some non-living material is less than that of living material. We point out, however, that photon dissipation involves other factors besides albedo.
Cédric Bacour, Natasha MacBean, Frédéric Chevallier, Sébastien Léonard, Ernest N. Koffi, and Philippe Peylin
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2022-109, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2022-109, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
1. The impact of assimilating different dataset combinations on regional to global scale C budgets is explored with the ORCHIDEE model, 2. Assimilating simultaneously multiple datasets is preferable to optimize the values of the model parameters and avoid model overfitting, 3. The challenges in optimizing soil C pools using atmospheric CO2 data are highlighted for an accurate prediction of the land sink distribution
Matti Kämäräinen, Anna Lintunen, Markku Kulmala, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Ivan Mammarella, Juha Aalto, Henriikka Vekuri, and Annalea Lohila
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2022-108, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2022-108, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
In this work we present an alternative machine learning approach to model the exchange of carbon between the atmosphere and the study site, located in a boreal forest in Southern Finland. The suggested method produces more accurate results than another which has been widely used previously in this context. Accurate estimations of the exchange of carbon are needed for better understanding of the role of forests in regulating atmospheric carbon and climate change.
Reint Fischer, Delphine Lobelle, Merel Kooi, Albert Koelmans, Victor Onink, Charlotte Laufkötter, Linda Amaral-Zettler, Andrew Yool, and Erik van Sebille
Biogeosciences, 19, 2211–2234, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2211-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2211-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Since current estimates show that only about 1 % of the all plastic that enters the ocean is floating at the surface, we look at subsurface processes that can cause vertical movement of (micro)plastic. We investigate how modelled algal attachment and the ocean's vertical movement can cause particles to sink and oscillate in the open ocean. Particles can sink to depths of > 5000 m in regions with high wind intensity and mainly remain close to the surface with low winds and biological activity.
Michelle Viswanathan, Tobias K. D. Weber, Sebastian Gayler, Juliane Mai, and Thilo Streck
Biogeosciences, 19, 2187–2209, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2187-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2187-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We analysed the evolution of model parameter uncertainty and prediction error as we updated parameters of a maize phenology model based on yearly observations, by sequentially applying Bayesian calibration. Although parameter uncertainty was reduced, prediction quality deteriorated when calibration and prediction data were from different maize ripening groups or temperature conditions. The study highlights that Bayesian methods should account for model limitations and inherent data structures.
Jessica Kolbusz, Tim Langlois, Charitha Pattiaratchi, and Simon de Lestang
Biogeosciences, 19, 517–539, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-517-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-517-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Western rock lobster larvae spend up to 11 months in offshore waters before ocean currents and their ability to swim transport them back to the coast. In 2008, there was a reduction in the number of puerulus (larvae) settling into the fishery. We use an oceanographic model to see how the environment may have contributed to the reduction. Our results show that a combination of effects from local currents and a widespread quiet period in the ocean off WA likely led to less puerulus settlement.
Rémy Asselot, Frank Lunkeit, Philip B. Holden, and Inga Hense
Biogeosciences, 19, 223–239, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-223-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-223-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Previous studies show that phytoplankton light absorption can warm the atmosphere, but how this warming occurs is still unknown. We compare the importance of air–sea heat versus CO2 flux in the phytoplankton-induced atmospheric warming and determine the main driver. To shed light on this research question, we conduct simulations with a climate model of intermediate complexity. We show that phytoplankton mainly warms the atmosphere by increasing the air–sea CO2 flux.
Roxane Tzortzis, Andrea M. Doglioli, Stéphanie Barrillon, Anne A. Petrenko, Francesco d'Ovidio, Lloyd Izard, Melilotus Thyssen, Ananda Pascual, Bàrbara Barceló-Llull, Frédéric Cyr, Marc Tedetti, Nagib Bhairy, Pierre Garreau, Franck Dumas, and Gérald Gregori
Biogeosciences, 18, 6455–6477, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6455-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6455-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This work analyzes an original high-resolution data set collected in the Mediterranean Sea. The major result is the impact of a fine-scale frontal structure on the distribution of phytoplankton groups, in an area of moderate energy with oligotrophic conditions. Our results provide an in situ confirmation of the findings obtained by previous modeling studies and remote sensing about the structuring effect of the fine-scale ocean dynamics on the structure of the phytoplankton community.
Johannes Vogel, Eva Paton, and Valentin Aich
Biogeosciences, 18, 5903–5927, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5903-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5903-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study investigates extreme ecosystem impacts evoked by temperature and soil moisture in the Mediterranean Basin for the time span 1999–2019 with a specific focus on seasonal variations. The analysis showed that ecosystem vulnerability is caused by several varying combinations of both drivers during the yearly cycle. The approach presented here helps to provide insights on the specific phenological stage of the year in which ecosystem vulnerability to a certain climatic condition occurs.
Mara Freilich, Alexandre Mignot, Glenn Flierl, and Raffaele Ferrari
Biogeosciences, 18, 5595–5607, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5595-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5595-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Observations reveal that in some regions phytoplankton biomass increases during the wintertime when growth conditions are sub-optimal, which has been attributed to a release from grazing during mixed layer deepening. Measurements of grazer populations to support this theory are lacking. We demonstrate that a release from grazing when the winter mixed layer is deepening holds only for certain grazing models, extending the use of phytoplankton observations to make inferences about grazer dynamics.
Shuangling Chen, Mark L. Wells, Rui Xin Huang, Huijie Xue, Jingyuan Xi, and Fei Chai
Biogeosciences, 18, 5539–5554, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5539-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5539-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Subduction transports surface waters to the oceanic interior, which can supply significant amounts of carbon and oxygen to the twilight zone. Using a novel BGC-Argo dataset covering the western North Pacific, we successfully identified the imprints of episodic shallow subduction patches. These subduction patches were observed mainly in spring and summer (70.6 %), and roughly half of them extended below ~ 450 m, injecting carbon- and oxygen-enriched waters into the ocean interior.
Pierre Damien, Julio Sheinbaum, Orens Pasqueron de Fommervault, Julien Jouanno, Lorena Linacre, and Olaf Duteil
Biogeosciences, 18, 4281–4303, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4281-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4281-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The Gulf of Mexico deep waters are relatively poor in phytoplankton biomass due to low levels of nutrients in the upper layers. Using modeling techniques, we find that the long-living anticyclonic Loop Current eddies that are shed episodically from the Yucatan Channel strongly shape the distribution of phytoplankton and, more importantly, stimulate their growth. This results from the contribution of multiple mechanisms of physical–biogeochemical interactions discussed in this study.
Sergey V. Stanichny, Elena A. Kubryakova, and Arseny A. Kubryakov
Biogeosciences, 18, 3173–3188, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3173-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3173-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we show that the short-term impact of tropical cyclones can trigger the intense, long-term bloom of coccolithophores, which are major marine calcifiers playing an important role in the balance and fluxes of inorganic carbon in the ocean. In our paper, we describe the evolution of and physical reasons for such an unusual bloom observed in autumn 2005 in the Black Sea on the basis of satellite data.
Fengshan Liu, Ying Chen, Nini Bai, Dengpan Xiao, Huizi Bai, Fulu Tao, and Quansheng Ge
Biogeosciences, 18, 2275–2287, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2275-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2275-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The sowing date is key to the surface biophysical processes in the winter dormancy period. The climate effect of the sowing date shift is therefore very interesting and may contribute to the mitigation of climate change. An earlier sowing date always had a higher LAI but a higher temperature in the dormancy period and a lower temperature in the growth period. The main reason was the relative contributions of the surface albedo and energy partitioning processes.
Peter Aartsma, Johan Asplund, Arvid Odland, Stefanie Reinhardt, and Hans Renssen
Biogeosciences, 18, 1577–1599, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1577-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1577-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In the literature, it is generally assumed that alpine lichen heaths keep their direct environment cool due to their relatively high albedo. However, we reveal that the soil temperature and soil heat flux are higher below lichens than below shrubs during the growing season, despite a lower net radiation for lichens. We also show that the differences in microclimatic conditions between these two vegetation types are more pronounced during warm and sunny days than during cold and cloudy days.
Oleg Sizov, Ekaterina Ezhova, Petr Tsymbarovich, Andrey Soromotin, Nikolay Prihod'ko, Tuukka Petäjä, Sergej Zilitinkevich, Markku Kulmala, Jaana Bäck, and Kajar Köster
Biogeosciences, 18, 207–228, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-207-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-207-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In changing climate, tundra is expected to turn into shrubs and trees, diminishing reindeer pasture and increasing risks of tick-borne diseases. However, this transition may require a disturbance. Fires in Siberia are increasingly widespread. We studied wildfire dynamics and tundra–forest transition over 60 years in northwest Siberia near the Arctic Circle. Based on satellite data analysis, we found that transition occurs in 40 %–85 % of burned tundra compared to 5 %–15 % in non-disturbed areas.
Kaveh Purkiani, André Paul, Annemiek Vink, Maren Walter, Michael Schulz, and Matthias Haeckel
Biogeosciences, 17, 6527–6544, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6527-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6527-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
There has been a steady increase in interest in mining of deep-sea minerals in the eastern Pacific Ocean recently. The ocean state in this region is known to be highly influenced by rotating bodies of water (eddies), some of which can travel long distances in the ocean and impact the deeper layers of the ocean. Better insight into the variability of eddy activity in this region is of great help to mitigate the impact of the benthic ecosystem from future potential deep-sea mining activity.
Jing Yan, Nathaniel A. Bogie, and Teamrat A. Ghezzehei
Biogeosciences, 17, 6377–6392, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6377-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6377-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
An uneven supply of water and nutrients in soils often drives how plants behave. We observed that plants extract all their required nutrients from dry soil patches in sufficient quantity, provided adequate water is available elsewhere in the root zone. Roots in nutrient-rich dry patches facilitate the nutrient acquisition by extensive growth, water release, and modifying water retention in their immediate environment. The findings are valuable in managing nutrient losses in agricultural systems.
Onur Kerimoglu, Yoana G. Voynova, Fatemeh Chegini, Holger Brix, Ulrich Callies, Richard Hofmeister, Knut Klingbeil, Corinna Schrum, and Justus E. E. van Beusekom
Biogeosciences, 17, 5097–5127, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5097-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5097-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, using extensive field observations and a numerical model, we analyzed the physical and biogeochemical structure of a coastal system following an extreme flood event. Our results suggest that a number of anomalous observations were driven by a co-occurrence of peculiar meteorological conditions and increased riverine discharges. Our results call for attention to the combined effects of hydrological and meteorological extremes that are anticipated to increase in frequency.
Amandine Erktan, Matthias C. Rillig, Andrea Carminati, Alexandre Jousset, and Stefan Scheu
Biogeosciences, 17, 4961–4980, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4961-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4961-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Soil aggregation is crucial for soil functioning. While the role of bacteria and fungi in soil aggregation is well established, how predators feeding on microbes modify soil aggregation has hardly been investigated. We showed for the first time that protists modify soil aggregation, presumably through changes in the production of bacterial mucilage, and that collembolans reduce soil aggregation, presumably by reducing the abundance of saprotrophic fungi.
Wei Hu, Kotaro Murata, Chunlan Fan, Shu Huang, Hiromi Matsusaki, Pingqing Fu, and Daizhou Zhang
Biogeosciences, 17, 4477–4487, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4477-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4477-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper reports the first estimate of the status of bacteria in long-distance-transported Asian dust, demonstrating that airborne dust, which can carry viable and nonviable bacteria on particle surfaces, is an efficient medium for constantly spreading bacteria at regional and even global scales. Such data are essential to better model and understand the roles and activities of bioaerosols in environmental evolution and climate change and the potential risks of bioaerosols to human health.
Inge Grünberg, Evan J. Wilcox, Simon Zwieback, Philip Marsh, and Julia Boike
Biogeosciences, 17, 4261–4279, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4261-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4261-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Based on topsoil temperature data for different vegetation types at a low Arctic tundra site, we found large small-scale variability. Winter temperatures were strongly influenced by vegetation through its effects on snow. Summer temperatures were similar below most vegetation types and not consistently related to late summer permafrost thaw depth. Given that vegetation type defines the relationship between winter and summer soil temperature and thaw depth, it controls permafrost vulnerability.
Long Jiang, Theo Gerkema, Jacco C. Kromkamp, Daphne van der Wal, Pedro Manuel Carrasco De La Cruz, and Karline Soetaert
Biogeosciences, 17, 4135–4152, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4135-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4135-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A seaward increasing chlorophyll-a gradient is observed during the spring bloom in a Dutch tidal bay. Biophysical model runs indicate the roles of bivalve grazing and tidal import in shaping the gradient. Five common spatial phytoplankton patterns are summarized in global estuarine–coastal ecosystems: seaward increasing, seaward decreasing, concave with a chlorophyll maximum, weak spatial gradients, and irregular patterns.
Emil De Borger, Justin Tiano, Ulrike Braeckman, Tom Ysebaert, and Karline Soetaert
Biogeosciences, 17, 1701–1715, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1701-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1701-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
By applying a novel technique to quantify organism-induced sediment–water column fluid exchange (bioirrigation), we show that organisms in subtidal (permanently submerged) areas have similar bioirrigation rates as those that inhabit intertidal areas (not permanently submerged), but organisms in the latter irrigate deeper burrows in this study. Our results expand on traditional methods to quantify bioirrigation rates and broaden the pool of field measurements of bioirrigation rates.
Sheila N. Estrada-Allis, Julio Sheinbaum Pardo, Joao M. Azevedo Correia de Souza, Cecilia Elizabeth Enríquez Ortiz, Ismael Mariño Tapia, and Jorge A. Herrera-Silveira
Biogeosciences, 17, 1087–1111, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1087-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1087-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Continental shelves are the most productive areas in the ocean and can have an important impact on the nutrient cycle as well as the climate system. The one in Yucatán is the largest shelf in the Gulf of Mexico. However, its nutrient budget remains unidentifiable. Here we propose not only a general nutrient budget for the Yucatán Shelf but also the physical processes responsible for its pathway modulation through a physical–biogeochemical coupled model of the whole Gulf of Mexico.
Ashley Dubnick, Martin Sharp, Brad Danielson, Alireza Saidi-Mehrabad, and Joel Barker
Biogeosciences, 17, 963–977, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-963-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-963-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We found that glaciers with basal temperatures near the melting point mobilize more solutes, nutrients, and microbes from the underlying substrate and are more likely to promote in situ biogeochemical activity than glaciers with basal temperatures well below the melting point. The temperature at the base of glaciers is therefore an important control on the biogeochemistry of ice near glacier beds, and, ultimately, the potential solutes, nutrients, and microbes exported from glaciated watersheds.
Audrey Delpech, Anna Conchon, Olivier Titaud, and Patrick Lehodey
Biogeosciences, 17, 833–850, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-833-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-833-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Micronekton is an important, yet poorly known, component of the trophic chain, which partly contributes to the storage of CO2 in the deep ocean thanks to biomass vertical migrations. In this study, we characterize the ideal sampling regions to estimate the amount of biomass that undergoes theses migrations. We find that observations made in warm, nondynamic and productive waters reduce the error of the estimation by 20 %. This result should likely serve for future in situ network deployment.
Filippos Tagklis, Takamitsu Ito, and Annalisa Bracco
Biogeosciences, 17, 231–244, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-231-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-231-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Deoxygenation of the oceans is potentially one of the most severe ecosystem stressors resulting from global warming given the high sensitivity of dissolved oxygen to ocean temperatures. Climate models suggest that despite the thermodynamic tendency of the oceans to lose oxygen, certain regions experience significant changes in the biologically driven O2 consumption, resulting in a resistance against deoxygenation. Overturning circulation changes are responsible for such a behavior.
Mohammad Abdul Halim, Han Y. H. Chen, and Sean C. Thomas
Biogeosciences, 16, 4357–4375, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4357-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4357-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Using field data collected over 4 years across a range of stand ages, we investigated how seasonal surface albedo in boreal forest varies with stand age, stand structure, and composition. Our results indicate that successional change in species composition is a key driver of age–related patterns in albedo, with hardwood species associated with higher albedo. The patterns described have important implications for both climate modeling and
climate–smartboreal forest management.
Paul A. Moore, Maxwell C. Lukenbach, Dan K. Thompson, Nick Kettridge, Gustaf Granath, and James M. Waddington
Biogeosciences, 16, 3491–3506, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3491-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3491-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Using very-high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs), we assessed the basic structure and microtopographic variability of hummock–hollow plots at boreal and hemi-boreal sites primarily in North America. Using a simple model of peatland biogeochemical function, our results suggest that both surface heating and moss productivity may not be adequately resolved in models which only consider idealized hummock–hollow units.
Renee K. Gruber, Ryan J. Lowe, and James L. Falter
Biogeosciences, 16, 1921–1935, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1921-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1921-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Researchers from the University of Western Australia's Oceans Institute are studying large tides (up to 12 m range) that occur in the Kimberley region of Australia. These tides flush coral reefs with water rich in nutrients, which supports the growth of reef organisms. In this paper, we show how tidal cycles and seasons control nutrient availability on reefs. This study is among the first published accounts of reefs and water quality data in the remote and pristine Kimberley region.
Sergey A. Marakushev and Ol'ga V. Belonogova
Biogeosciences, 16, 1817–1828, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1817-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1817-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Among the existing theories of the autotrophic origin of life, CO2 is usually considered to be the carbon source for nascent autotrophic metabolism. However, ancestral carbon used in metabolism may have been derived from CH4 if the outflow of magma fluid to the surface of the Earth consisted mainly of methane. The hydrothermal system model is considered in the form of a phase diagram, which demonstrates the area of redox and P and T conditions favorable to development of primary methanotroph.
Venugopal Thushara, Puthenveettil Narayana Menon Vinayachandran, Adrian J. Matthews, Benjamin G. M. Webber, and Bastien Y. Queste
Biogeosciences, 16, 1447–1468, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1447-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1447-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Chlorophyll distribution in the ocean remains to be explored in detail, despite its climatic significance. Here, we document the vertical structure of chlorophyll in the Bay of Bengal using observations and a model. The shape of chlorophyll profiles, characterized by prominent deep chlorophyll maxima, varies in dynamically different regions, controlled by the monsoonal forcings. The present study provides new insights into the vertical distribution of chlorophyll, rarely observed by satellites.
Soeren Thomsen, Johannes Karstensen, Rainer Kiko, Gerd Krahmann, Marcus Dengler, and Anja Engel
Biogeosciences, 16, 979–998, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-979-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-979-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Physical and biogeochemical observations from an autonomous underwater vehicle in combination with ship-based measurements are used to investigate remote and local drivers of the oxygen and nutrient variability off Mauritania. Beside the transport of oxygen and nutrients characteristics from remote areas towards Mauritania also local remineralization of organic material close to the seabed seems to be important for the distribution of oxygen and nutrients.
Pascale Bouruet-Aubertot, Yannis Cuypers, Andrea Doglioli, Mathieu Caffin, Christophe Yohia, Alain de Verneil, Anne Petrenko, Dominique Lefèvre, Hervé Le Goff, Gilles Rougier, Marc Picheral, and Thierry Moutin
Biogeosciences, 15, 7485–7504, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7485-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7485-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The OUTPACE cruise took place between New Caledonia and French Polynesia. The main purpose was to understand how micro-organisms can survive in a very poor environment. One main source of nutrients is at depth, below the euphotic layer where micro-organisms live. The purpose of the turbulence measurements was to determine to which extent turbulence may
upliftnutrients into the euphotic layer. The origin of the turbulence that was found contrasted along the transect was also determined.
Daniel D. Richter, Sharon A. Billings, Peter M. Groffman, Eugene F. Kelly, Kathleen A. Lohse, William H. McDowell, Timothy S. White, Suzanne Anderson, Dennis D. Baldocchi, Steve Banwart, Susan Brantley, Jean J. Braun, Zachary S. Brecheisen, Charles W. Cook, Hilairy E. Hartnett, Sarah E. Hobbie, Jerome Gaillardet, Esteban Jobbagy, Hermann F. Jungkunst, Clare E. Kazanski, Jagdish Krishnaswamy, Daniel Markewitz, Katherine O'Neill, Clifford S. Riebe, Paul Schroeder, Christina Siebe, Whendee L. Silver, Aaron Thompson, Anne Verhoef, and Ganlin Zhang
Biogeosciences, 15, 4815–4832, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4815-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4815-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
As knowledge in biology and geology explodes, science becomes increasingly specialized. Given the overlap of the environmental sciences, however, the explosion in knowledge inevitably creates opportunities for interconnecting the biogeosciences. Here, 30 scientists emphasize the opportunities for biogeoscience collaborations across the world’s remarkable long-term environmental research networks that can advance science and engage larger scientific and public audiences.
Ivy Frenger, Matthias Münnich, and Nicolas Gruber
Biogeosciences, 15, 4781–4798, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4781-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4781-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Although mesoscale ocean eddies are ubiquitous in the Southern Ocean (SO), their regional and seasonal association with phytoplankton has not been quantified. We identify over 100 000 eddies and determine the associated phytoplankton biomass anomalies using satellite-based chlorophyll (Chl) as a proxy. The emerging Chl anomalies can be explained largely by lateral advection of Chl by eddies. This impact of eddies on phytoplankton may implicate downstream effects on SO biogeochemical properties.
Yi Sun, Xiong Z. He, Fujiang Hou, Zhaofeng Wang, and Shenghua Chang
Biogeosciences, 15, 4233–4243, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4233-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4233-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
To investigate how grazing alters litter composition, quality and decomposition, we collected litter from grazing (GP) and grazing exclusion paddocks (GEP) and incubated them in situ and across sites. Grazing increased litter N and grazing exclusion increased litter mass of palatable species and promoted SOC. Litter decomposed faster in GP and N was opposite. Site environment had more impact on litter decomposition. Results may be helpful in developing strategies to restore degraded grasslands.
Louise Rousselet, Alain de Verneil, Andrea M. Doglioli, Anne A. Petrenko, Solange Duhamel, Christophe Maes, and Bruno Blanke
Biogeosciences, 15, 2411–2431, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2411-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2411-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The patterns of the large- and fine-scale surface circulation on biogeochemical and biological distributions are examined in the western tropical South Pacific (WTSP) in the context of the OUTPACE oceanographic cruise. The combined use of in situ and satellite data allows for the identification of water mass transport pathways and fine-scale structures, such as fronts, that drive surface distribution of tracers and microbial community structures.
Alain de Verneil, Louise Rousselet, Andrea M. Doglioli, Anne A. Petrenko, Christophe Maes, Pascale Bouruet-Aubertot, and Thierry Moutin
Biogeosciences, 15, 2125–2147, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2125-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2125-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Oceanographic campaigns to measure biogeochemical processes popularly deploy drifters with onboard incubations to stay in a single body of water. Here, we aggregate physical data taken during such a cruise, OUTPACE, to independently test in a new approach whether the drifter really stayed in what can be considered a single biological or chemical environment. This study concludes that future campaigns would benefit from similar data collection and analysis to validate their sampling strategy.
Susan L. Brantley, David M. Eissenstat, Jill A. Marshall, Sarah E. Godsey, Zsuzsanna Balogh-Brunstad, Diana L. Karwan, Shirley A. Papuga, Joshua Roering, Todd E. Dawson, Jaivime Evaristo, Oliver Chadwick, Jeffrey J. McDonnell, and Kathleen C. Weathers
Biogeosciences, 14, 5115–5142, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5115-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5115-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This review represents the outcome from an invigorating workshop discussion that involved tree physiologists, geomorphologists, ecologists, geochemists, and hydrologists and developed nine hypotheses that could be tested. We argue these hypotheses point to the essence of issues we must explore if we are to understand how the natural system of the earth surface evolves, and how humans will affect its evolution. This paper will create discussion and interest both before and after publication.
Johanne H. Rydsaa, Frode Stordal, Anders Bryn, and Lena M. Tallaksen
Biogeosciences, 14, 4209–4227, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4209-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4209-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate the atmospheric sensitivity to an expansion in shrub and tree cover in the northern Fennoscandia region. We applied a regional weather and climate model in evaluating biophysical effects of increased shrub cover at a fine resolution. We find that shrub cover increase causes a warming that is sensitive to the shrub and tree heights. Cooling effects include increased snow cover, cloud cover, and precipitation. We show that the net warming will likely increase in the future.
Qian Cai, Yulong Zhang, Zhanxiang Sun, Jiaming Zheng, Wei Bai, Yue Zhang, Yang Liu, Liangshan Feng, Chen Feng, Zhe Zhang, Ning Yang, Jochem B. Evers, and Lizhen Zhang
Biogeosciences, 14, 3851–3858, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3851-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3851-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Large yield gaps exist in rain-fed maize in semi-arid regions caused by frequent droughts halfway through the growing period due to uneven distribution of rainfall. It can be questioned whether irrigation systems are economically and ecologically required. Maize yield was not affected by mild water stress due to the morphological plasticity in root growth. Our results help to mitigate drought risk in dry-land agriculture.
Jörg Schwinger, Jerry Tjiputra, Nadine Goris, Katharina D. Six, Alf Kirkevåg, Øyvind Seland, Christoph Heinze, and Tatiana Ilyina
Biogeosciences, 14, 3633–3648, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3633-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3633-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Transient global warming under the high emission scenario RCP8.5 is amplified by up to 6 % if a pH dependency of marine DMS production is assumed. Importantly, this additional warming is not spatially homogeneous but shows a pronounced north–south gradient. Over the Antarctic continent, the additional warming is almost twice the global average. In the Southern Ocean we find a small DMS–climate feedback that counteracts the original reduction of DMS production due to ocean acidification.
Madhavan Girijakumari Keerthi, Matthieu Lengaigne, Marina Levy, Jerome Vialard, Vallivattathillam Parvathi, Clément de Boyer Montégut, Christian Ethé, Olivier Aumont, Iyyappan Suresh, Valiya Parambil Akhil, and Pillathu Moolayil Muraleedharan
Biogeosciences, 14, 3615–3632, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3615-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3615-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The northern Arabian Sea hosts a winter chlorophyll bloom, which exhibits strong interannual variability. The processes responsible for this interannual variation of the bloom are investigated using observations and a model. The interannual fluctuations of the winter bloom are largely related to the interannual mixed-layer depth (MLD) anomalies, which are driven by net heat flux anomalies. MLD controls the bloom amplitude through a modulation of nutrient turbulent fluxes into the mixed layer.
Lixin Lyu, Susanne Suvanto, Pekka Nöjd, Helena M. Henttonen, Harri Mäkinen, and Qi-Bin Zhang
Biogeosciences, 14, 3083–3095, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3083-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3083-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Our results reveal that the change in the tree growth–climate relationship is similar along latitudinal and altitudinal gradients, especially during growing seasons. Moreover, the critical periods for climatic effects on tree radial growth occurred earlier at lower latitudes and altitudes than at the cold ends of the gradients. We further demonstrate the use of daily climate data, as they may disclose more precise gradient patterns that could not be detected if monthly climate data were used.
Sophie Clayton, Stephanie Dutkiewicz, Oliver Jahn, Christopher Hill, Patrick Heimbach, and Michael J. Follows
Biogeosciences, 14, 2877–2889, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2877-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2877-2017, 2017
Xiang Gong, Wensheng Jiang, Linhui Wang, Huiwang Gao, Emmanuel Boss, Xiaohong Yao, Shuh-Ji Kao, and Jie Shi
Biogeosciences, 14, 2371–2386, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2371-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2371-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The subsurface chlorophyll maximum layer (SCML) forms near the nitracline. By incorporating a piecewise function for the approximate Gaussian vertical profile of chlorophyll, we derive analytical solutions of a specified nutrient–phytoplankton model. Nitracline depth is deeper than SCML depth, and a thinner SCML corresponds to a steeper nitracline. A higher light attenuation coefficient leads to a shallower but steeper nitracline. Nitracline steepness is independent of surface light intensity.
Cited articles
Albini, F. A.: Estimating Wildfire Behavior and Effects, USDA Forest Service General Technical Report INT-30, 1976.
Albini, F. A. and Baughman, R. G.: Estimating Windspeeds for Predicting Wildland Fire Behavior, USDA Forest Service Reserach Paper INT-221, 1979.
Alexander, M. E., Stocks, B. J., and Lawson, B. D.: Fire Behavior in Black Spruce-Lichen Woodland: The Porter Lake Project, Forestry Canada Information Report NOR-X-310, 1991.
Allen, J. C.: A modified sine wave method for calculating degree days, Environ. Entomol., 5, 388–396, 1976.
Almeida, M., Viegas, D. X., Miranda, A. I., and Reva, V.: Effect of particle orientation and of flow velocity on the combustibility of Pinus pinaster and Eucalyptus globulus firebrand material, Int. J. Wildland Fire, 20, 946–962, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF09080, 2011.
Beaufait, W. R.: Some effects of high temperatures on the cones and seeds of jack pine, Forest Sci., 6, 194–199, 1960.
Black, R. A. and Bliss, L. C.: Reproductive ecology of Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP., at tree line near Inuvik, Northwest Territories, Canada, Ecol. Monogr., 50, 331–354, 1980.
Boggs, K., Sturdy, M., Rinella, D. J., and Rinella, M. J.: White spruce regeneration following a major spruce beetle outbreak in forests on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, Forest Ecol. Manag., 255, 3571–3579, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2008.02.039, 2008.
Bova, A. S., Bohrer, G., and Dickinson, M. B.: A model of gas mixing into single-entrance tree cavities during wildland fires, Can. J. Forest Res., 41, 1659–1670, https://doi.org/10.1139/x11-077, 2011.
Bradstock, R. A., Gill, A. M., Hastings, S. M., and Moore, P. H. R.: Survival of serotinous seedbanks during bushfires: Comparative studies of Hakea species from southeastern Australia, Aust. J. Ecol., 19, 276–282, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-9993.1994.tb00490.x, 1994.
Brown, J. K.: Weight and Density of Crowns of Rocky Mountain Conifers, USDA Forest Service Research Paper INT-197, 1978.
Byram, G. M.: Combustion of Forest Fuels, in: Forest Fire: Control and Use, edited by: Davis, K. P., McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1959.
Chapra, S. C. and Canale, R. P.: Numerical Methods for Engineers, Sixth Edn., McGraw-Hill, New York, 2009.
Charron, I. and Greene, D. F.: Post-wildfire seedbeds and tree establishment in the southern mixedwood boreal forest, Can. J. Forest Res., 32, 1607–1615, https://doi.org/10.1139/x02-085, 2002.
Chrosciewicz, Z.: Foliar moisture content variations in four coniferous tree species of central Alberta, Can. J. Forest Res., 16, 157–162, https://doi.org/10.1139/x86-029, 1986.
Cram, W. H. and Worden, H. A.: Maturity of white spruce cones and seed, Forest Sci., 3, 263–269, 1957.
Crossley, D. I.: Seed maturity in white spruce, Silviculture Research Notes No. 104, Canada Department of Resources and Development, Forestry Branch, 1953.
Dawson, C., Vincent, J. F. V., and Rocca, A.-M.: How pine cones open, Nature, 390, 668–668, 1997.
Despain, D., Clark, D., and Reardon, J.: Simulation of crown fire effects on canopy seed bank in lodgepole pine, Int. J. Wildland Fire, 6, 45–49, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF9960045, 1996.
Dickinson, M. B. and Johnson, E. A.: Temperature-dependent rate models of vascular cambium cell mortality, Can. J. Forest Res., 34, 546–559, https://doi.org/10.1139/x03-223, 2004.
Dickinson, M. B., Jolliff, J., and Bova, A. S.: Vascular cambium necrosis in forest fires: using hyperbolic temperature regimes to estimate parameters of a tissue-response model, Aust. J. Bot., 52, 757–763, https://doi.org/10.1071/BT03111, 2004.
Dupuy, J.-L., Linn, R. R., Konovalov, V., Pimont, F., Vega, J. A., and Jiménez, E.: Exploring three-dimensional coupled fire–atmosphere interactions downwind of wind-driven surface fires and their influence on backfires using the HIGRAD-FIRETEC model, Int. J. Wildland Fire, 20, 734–750, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF10035, 2011.
Edwards, D. G. W.: Maturity and quality of tree seeds – a state-of-the-art review, Seed Sci. Technol., 8, 625–657, 1980.
Enright, N. J., Marsula, R., Byron, B. L., and Wissel, C.: The ecological significance of canopy seed storage in fire-prone environments: A model for non-sprouting shrubs, J. Ecol., 86, 946–959, 1998.
Fonda, R. W. and Varner, J. M.: Burning characteristics of cones from eight pine species, Northwest Sci., 78, 322–333, 2004.
Fraver, S.: The insulating value of serotinous cones in protecting pitch pine (Pinus rigida) seeds from high temperatures, J. Pennsylvania Acad. Sci., 65, 112–116, 1992.
Galipeau, C., Kneeshaw, D. D., and Bergeron, Y.: White spruce and balsam fir colonization of a site in the southeastern boreal forest as observed 68 years after fire, Can. J. Forest Res., 27, 139–147, https://doi.org/10.1139/x96-148, 1997.
Gauthier, S., Bergeron, Y., and Simon, J.-P.: Effects of fire regime on the serotiny level of jack pine, J. Ecol., 84, 539–548, 1996.
Giedt, W. H.: Investigation of variation of point unit heat-transfer coefficient around a cylinder normal to an air stream, T. Am. Soc. Mech. Eng., 71, 375-381, 1949.
Gill, A. M.: Adaptive responses of Australian vascular plant species to fires, in: Fire and the Australian biota, edited by: Gill, A. M., Groves, R. H., and Noble, I. R., Australian Academy of Science, Canberra, 1981.
Granström, A. and Schimmel, J.: Heat effects on seeds and rhizomes of a selection of boreal forest plants and potential reaction to fire, Oecologia, 94, 307–313, https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00317103, 1993.
Greene, D. F. and Johnson, E. A.: Modelling recruitment of Populus tremuloides, Pinus banksiana, and Picea mariana following fire in the mixedwood boreal forest, Can. J. Forest Res., 29, 462–473, https://doi.org/10.1139/x98-211, 1999.
Greene, D. F. and Johnson, E. A.: Tree recruitment from burn edges, Can. J. Forest Res., 30, 1264–1274, https://doi.org/10.1139/x00-040, 2000.
Greene, D. F. and Johnson, E. A.: Modelling the temporal variation in the seed production of North American trees, Can. J. Forest Res., 34, 65–75, https://doi.org/10.1139/x03-188, 2004.
Greene, D. F., Zasada, J. C., Sirois, L., Kneeshaw, D., Morin, H., Charron, I., and Simard, M. J.: A review of the regeneration dynamics of North American boreal forest tree species, Can. J. Forest Res., 29, 824–839, https://doi.org/10.1139/x98-112, 1999.
Greene, D. F., Messier, C., Asselin, H., and Fortin, M.-J.: The effect of light availability and basal area on cone production in Abies balsamea and Picea glauca, Can. J. Bot., 80, 370–377, https://doi.org/10.1139/b02-020, 2002.
Grønli, M. G., Várhegyi, G., and Di Blasi, C.: Thermogravimetric analysis and devolatilization kinetics of wood, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 41, 4201–4208, https://doi.org/10.1021/ie0201157, 2002.
Gupta, M., Yang, J., and Roy, C.: Specific heat and thermal conductivity of softwood bark and softwood char particles, Fuel, 82, 919–927, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-2361(02)00398-8, 2003.
Gutsell, S. L. and Johnson, E. A.: Accurately ageing trees and examining their height-growth rates: Implications for interpreting forest dynamics, J. Ecol., 90, 153–166, 2002.
Hoffmann, C. M., Morgan, P., Mell, W. E., Parsons, R. A., Strand, E. K., and Cook, S.: Numerical simulation of crown fire hazard immediately following bark beetle-caused tree mortality in lodgepole pine forests, Forest Sci., 58, 178–188, 2012.
Holman, J. P.: Heat Transfer, 8th Edn., McGraw-Hill Inc., New York., 1997.
Incropera, F. P., De Witt, D. P., Bergman, T. L., and Lavine, A. S.: Fundamentals of heat and mass transfer, 6th Edn., John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, NY, 1024 pp., 2006.
ISTA: International Rules for Seed Testing, Edition 2003, The International Seed Testing Association, Basserdorf, 2003.
Johnson, A. F., Woodard, P. M., and Titus, S. J.: Lodgepole pine and white spruce crown fuel weights predicted from diameter at breast height, Forest. Chron., 66, 596–599, 1990.
Johnson, E. A.: Fire and Vegetation Dynamics: Studies from the North American Boreal Forest, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992.
Johnson, E. A. and Fryer, G. I.: Why Engelmann spruce does not have a persistent seed bank, Can. J. Forest Res., 26, 872–878, https://doi.org/10.1139/x26-095, 1996.
Johnson, E. A., Miyanishi, K., and Kleb, H.: The hazards of interpretation of static age structures as shown by stand reconstructions in a Pinus contorta – Picea engelmannii forest, J. Ecol., 82, 923–931, 1994.
Johnson, E. A., Morin, H., Miyanishi, K., Gagnon, R., and Greene, D. F.: A process approach to understanding disturbance and forest dynamics for sustainable forestry, in: Towards Sustainable Management in the Boreal Forest, edited by: Burton, P. J., Messier, C., Smith, D. W., and Adamowicz, W. L., NRC Research Press, Ottawa, 2003.
Johnson, F. H., Eyring, H., and Stover, B. J.: The theory of rate processes in biology and medicine, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1974.
Judd, T. and Ashton, D.: Fruit clustering in the Myrtaceae: Seed survival in capsules subjected to experimental heating, Aust. J. Bot., 39, 241–245, https://doi.org/10.1071/BT9910241, 1991.
Judd, T. S.: Seed survival in small myrtaceous capsules subjected to experimental heating, Oecologia, 93, 576–581, https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00328968, 1993.
Keane, R. E. and Dickinson, L. J.: Development and Evaluation of the Photoload Sampling Technique, USDA Forest Service Research Paper RMRS-RP-61CD, 2007.
Keeley, J. E., Pausas, J. G., Rundel, P. W., Bond, W. J., and Bradstock, R. A.: Fire as an evolutionary pressure shaping plant traits, Trends Plant Sci., 16, 406–411, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tplants.2011.04.002, 2011.
Kiil, A. D.: Fire spread in a black spruce stand, Canadian Forest Service Bi-Monthly Research Notes, 31, 2–3, 1975.
Koike, T.: Leaf structure and photosynthetic performance as related to the forest succession of deciduous broad-leaved trees, Plant Spec. Biol., 3, 77–87, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-1984.1988.tb00173.x, 1988.
Lamont, B., Le Maitre, D., Cowling, R., and Enright, N.: Canopy seed storage in woody plants, Bot. Rev., 57, 277–317, https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02858770, 1991.
Lamont, B. B. and Enright, N. J.: Adaptive advantages of aerial seed banks, Plant Spec. Biol., 15, 157–166, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-1984.2000.00036.x, 2000.
Lawson, B. D. and Armitage, O. B.: Weather Guide for the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System, Natural Resources Canada, 2008.
Le Maitre, D. C.: Current interpretations of the term serotiny, S. Afr. J. Sci., 81, 289–290, 1985.
Linn, R., Reisner, J., Colman, J. J., and Winterkamp, J.: Studying wildfire behavior using FIRETEC, Int. J. Wildland Fire, 11, 233–246, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF02007, 2002.
Linn, R. R., Winterkamp, J. L., Weise, D. R., and Edminster, C.: A numerical study of slope and fuel structure effects on coupled wildfire behaviour, Int. J. Wildland Fire, 19, 179–201, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF07120, 2010.
Little, E. L.: Atlas of United States trees. Volume 1. Conifers and important hardwoods, US Department of Agriculture Miscellaneous Publication 1146, 1971.
Lutz, H. J.: Ecological Effects of Forest Fires in the Interior of Alaska, US Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin 1133, 1956.
Macias Fauria, M. and Johnson, E. A.: Large-scale climatic patterns control large lightning fire occurrence in Canada and Alaska forest regions, J. Geophys. Res., 111, G04008, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006jg000181, 2006.
Macias Fauria, M., Michaletz, S. T., and Johnson, E. A.: Predicting climate change effects on wildfires requires linking processes across scales, Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 2, 99–112, https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.92, 2011.
McDermott, R., McGrattan, K., Hostikka, S., and Floyd, J.: Fire Dynamics Simulator (Version 5) Technical Reference Guide Volume 2: Verification, NIST Special Publications 1018-5, 2010.
McGrattan, K.: Cable Response to Live Fire (CAROLFIRE) Volume 3: Cable Fire Response Data for Fire Model Improvement, NUREG/CR-6931V2, NISTIR 7472, US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 2008.
McGrattan, K., Hostikka, S., Floyd, J., Baum, H. R., Rehm, R. G., Mell, W. E., and McDermott, R.: Fire Dynamics Simulator (Version 5) Technical Reference Guide Volume 1: Mathematical Model, NIST Special Publications 1018-5, 2010a.
McGrattan, K., Hostikka, S., Floyd, J., and McDermott, R.: Fire Dynamics Simulator (Version 5) Technical Reference Guide Volume 3: Validation, NIST Special Publication 1018-5, 2010b.
Mell, W., Maranghides, A., McDermott, R., and Manzello, S. L.: Numerical simulation and experiments of burning douglas fir trees, Combust. Flame, 156, 2023–2041, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2009.06.015, 2009.
Mell, W. M., Jenkins, M. A., Gould, J., and Cheney, P.: A physics-based approach to modelling grassland fires, Int. J. Wildland Fire, 16, 1–22, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF06002, 2007.
Mercer, G., Gill, A., and Weber, R.: A time-dependent model of fire impact on seed survival in woody fruits, Aust. J. Bot., 42, 71–81, https://doi.org/10.1071/BT9940071, 1994.
Mercer, G. N. and Weber, R. O.: Fire Plumes, in: Forest Fires: Behavior and Ecological Effects, edited by: Johnson, E. A. and Miyanishi, K., Academic Press, New York, 2001.
Michaletz, S. T. and Johnson, E. A.: A heat transfer model of crown scorch in forest fires, Can. J. Forest Res., 36, 2839–2851, https://doi.org/10.1139/x06-158, 2006.
Miyanishi, K.: Duff consumption, in: Forest Fires: Behavior and Ecological Effects, edited by: Johnson, E. A. and Miyanishi, K., Academic Press, New York, 2001.
Monteith, J. L. and Unsworth, M. H.: Principles of Environmental Physics. Third Edition., Academic Press, New York, 2008.
Morvan, D. and Dupuy, J. L.: Modeling of fire spread through a forest fuel bed using a multiphase formulation, Combust. Flame, 127, 1981–1994, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-2180(01)00302-9, 2001.
Morvan, D. and Dupuy, J. L.: Modeling the propagation of a wildfire through a Mediterranean shrub using a multiphase formulation, Combust. Flame, 138, 199–210, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.05.001, 2004.
Morvan, D., Hoffman, C., Rego, F., and Mell, W.: Numerical simulation of the interaction between two fire fronts in grassland and shrubland, Fire Safety J., 46, 469–479, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2011.07.008, 2011.
Nienstadt, H. and Zasada, J. C.: Picea glauca (Moench) Voss. White spruce, in: Silvics of North America, Volume 1. Conifers, edited by: Burns, R. M. and Honkala, B. H., US Dept of Agriculture Handbook No. 654, 204–226, 1990.
Norum, R. A.: Predicting Wildfire Behavios in Black Spruce Forests in Alaska, USDA Forest Service Research Note PNW-401, 1982.
Norum, R. A.: Wind Adjustment Factors for Predicting Fire Behavior in Three Fuel Types in Alaska, USDA Forest Service Research Paper PNW-309, 1983.
O'Donnell, J. A., Romanovsky, V. E., Harden, J. W., and McGuire, A. D.: The effect of moisture content on the thermal conductivity of moss and organic soil horizons from black spruce ecosystems in interior Alaska, Soil Sci., 174, 646–651, 2009.
Ottmar, R. D. and Vihnanek, R. E.: Stereo photo series for quantifying natural fuels, Volume II: Black spruce and white spruce types in Alaska, PMS. 831, National Wildfire Coordinating Group, National Interagency Fire Center, Boise, ID, 1998.
Ottmar, R. D., Sandberg, D. V., Riccardi, C. L., and Prichard, S. J.: An overview of the Fuel Characteristic Classification System – Quantifying, classifying, and creating fuelbeds for resource planning, Can. J. Forest Res., 37, 2383–2393, https://doi.org/10.1139/x07-077, 2007.
Parker, W. H. and McLachlan, D. G.: Morphological variation in white and black spruce: investigation of natural hybridization between Picea glauca and P. mariana, Can. J. Bot., 56, 2512–2520, https://doi.org/10.1139/b78-303, 1978.
Parsons, R. A., Mell, W. E., and McCauley, P.: Linking 3D spatial models of fuels and fire: Effects of spatial heterogeneity on fire behavior, Ecol. Model., 222, 679–691, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2010.10.023, 2011.
Payette, S.: Fire as a controlling process in the North American boreal forest, in: A Systems Analysis of the Global Boreal Forest, edited by: Shugart, H. H., Leemans, R., and Bonan, G. B., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992.
Peters, V. S., Macdonald, S. E., and Dale, M. R. T.: The interaction between masting and fire is key to white spruce regeneration, Ecology, 86, 1744–1750, https://doi.org/10.1890/03-0656, 2005.
Ragland, K. W., Aerts, D. J., and Baker, A. J.: Properties of wood for combustion analysis, Bioresource Technol., 37, 161–168, https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-8524(91)90205-x, 1991.
Rehm, R. G. and Baum, H. R.: The equations of motion for thermally driven, buoyant flows, J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand., 83, 297–308, 1978.
Rolf, T. and Adrian, B.: spatstat: An R package for analyzing spatial point patterns, J. Stat. Softw., 12, 1–42, 2005.
Rothermel, R. C.: A mathematical model for predicting fire spread in wildland fuels, USDA Forest Service Reserach Paper INT-115, Ogden, UT, 1972.
Rothermel, R. C.: Predicting Behavior and Size of Crown Fires in the Northern Rocky Mountains, USDA Forest Service Reserach Paper INT-438, Ogden, 1991.
Schmid, H. P.: Footprint modeling for vegetation atmosphere exchange studies: a review and perspective, Agr. Forest Meteorol., 113, 159–183, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0168-1923(02)00107-7, 2002.
Schwilk, D. W. and Ackerly, D. D.: Flammability and serotiny as strategies: correlated evolution in pines, Oikos, 94, 326–336, https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0706.2001.940213.x, 2001.
Simpson, W. and TenWolde, A.: Wood Handbook: Wood as an Engineering Material, USDA Forest Service General Technical Report FPL-GTR-113, Madison, 1999.
Singh, T.: Wood density variations in thirteen Canadian tree species, Wood Fiber Sci., 19, 362–369, 1987.
Stocks, B. J., Mason, J. A., Todd, J. B., Bosch, E. M., Wotton, B. M., Amiro, B. D., Flannigan, M. D., Hirsch, K. G., Logan, K. A., Martell, D. L., and Skinner, W. R.: Large forest fires in Canada, 1959–1997, J. Geophys. Res., 107, 8149, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001jd000484, 2002.
Susott, R. A.: Differential scanning calorimetry of forest fuels, Forest Sci., 28, 839–851, 1982a.
Susott, R. A.: Characterization of the thermal properties of forest fuels by combustible gas analysis, Forest Sci., 28, 404–420, 1982b.
Sylvester, T. W. and Wein, R. W.: Fuel characteristics of arctic plant species and simulated plant community flammability by Rothermel's model, Can. J. Bot., 59, 898–907, https://doi.org/10.1139/b81-125, 1981.
Thomas, P. H.: Some aspects of the growth and spread of fire in the open, Forestry, 40, 139–164, https://doi.org/10.1093/forestry/40.2.139, 1967.
Thompson, K. and Grime, J. P.: Seasonal variation in the seed banks of herbaceous species in ten contrasting habitats, J. Ecol., 67, 893–921, 1979.
Titus, S., Woodard, P., and Johnson, A.: Sampling intensity for estimating fuel moisture content in lodgepole pine and white spruce trees, Int. J. Wildland Fire, 2, 1–6, https://doi.org/10.1071/WF9920001, 1992.
Tripp, H. A. and Hedlin, A. F.: An ecological study and damage appraisal of white spruce cone insects, Forest. Chron., 32, 400–410, 1956.
Van Wagner, C. E.: Describing forest fires – Old ways and new, Forest. Chron., 41, 301–305, 1965.
Van Wagner, C. E.: Conditions for the start and spread of crown fire, Can. J. Forest Res., 7, 23–34, https://doi.org/10.1139/x77-004, 1977.
Vesala, T., Kljun, N., Rannik, Ü., Rinne, J., Sogachev, A., Markkanen, T., Sabelfeld, K., Foken, T., and Leclerc, M. Y.: Flux and concentration footprint modelling: State of the art, Environ. Pollut., 152, 653–666, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2007.06.070, 2008.
Viereck, L. A., Dyrness, C. T., Batten, A. R., and Wenzlick, K. J.: The Alaska Vegetation Classification, US Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-GTR-286, Portland, OR, 1992.
Vowinckel, T., Oechel, W. C., and Boll, W. G.: The effect of climate on the photosynthesis of Picea mariana at the subarctic tree line. 1. Field measurements, Can. J. Bot., 53, 604–620, https://doi.org/10.1139/b75-076, 1975.
Wilson, R.: Reformulation of Forest Fire Spread Equations in SI Units, USDA Forest Service Research Note INT-292, 1980.
Winston, D. A. and Haddon, B. D.: Effects of early cone collection and artificial ripening on white spruce and red pine germination, Can. J. Forest Res., 11, 817–826, https://doi.org/10.1139/x81-117, 1981.
Wirth, C., Lichstein, J. W., Dushoff, J., Chen, A., and Chapin, F. S.: White spruce meets black spruce: Dispersal, postfire establishment, and growth in a warming climate, Ecol. Monogr., 78, 489–505, https://doi.org/10.1890/07-0074.1, 2008.
Woodard, P. M. and Delisle, G. P.: Biomass Regression Equations for Common Tree Seedlings and Shrubs in Jasper National Park, Alberta, University of Alberta Forestry Note 1, 1987.
Youngblood, A.: Development patterns in young conifer-hardwood forests of interior Alaska, J. Veg. Sci., 6, 229–236, https://doi.org/10.2307/3236218, 1995.
Zasada, J. C.: Effect of cone storage method and collection date on Alaskan white spruce (Picea glauca) seed quality, Proceedings of the International Symposium on Seed Processing, IUFRO, Bergen, Norway, 1973.
Zasada, J. C.: Case history of an excellent white spruce cone and seed crop in interior Alaska: Cone and seed production, germination, and seedling survival, US Forest Service General Technical Report PNW-65, Portland, OR, 1978.
Zasada, J. C.: Production, dispersal, and germination of white spruce and paper birch and first-year seedling establishment after the Rosie Creek fire., in: Early Results of the Rosie Creek Fire Reserach Project, edited by: Juday, G. and Dyrness, C. T., University of Alaska-Fairbanks Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station Miscellaneous Publicatoin 85-2, 34–37, 1985.
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint