Articles | Volume 9, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2603-2012
© Author(s) 2012. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-9-2603-2012
© Author(s) 2012. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
Research article
| 
16 Jul 2012
Research article |
| 16 Jul 2012
Sedimentary phosphorus and iron cycling in and below the oxygen minimum zone of the northern Arabian Sea
P. Kraal
Department of Earth Sciences-Geochemistry, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, P.O. Box 80.021, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
now at: Southern Cross GeoScience, Southern Cross University, P.O. Box 157, Lismore, 2480 New South Wales, Australia
C. P. Slomp
Department of Earth Sciences-Geochemistry, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, P.O. Box 80.021, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
D. C. Reed
Department of Earth Sciences-Geochemistry, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, P.O. Box 80.021, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
G.-J. Reichart
Department of Earth Sciences-Geochemistry, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, P.O. Box 80.021, 3508 TA Utrecht, The Netherlands
Marine Biogeosciences, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
S. W. Poulton
School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Drummond Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Sediment
Deposit-feeding of Nonionellina labradorica (foraminifera) from an Arctic methane seep site and possible association with a methanotroph
Benthic silicon cycling in the Arctic Barents Sea: a reaction–transport model study
Long-term incubations provide insight into the mechanisms of anaerobic oxidation of methane in methanogenic lake sediments
Ideas and perspectives: Sea-level change, anaerobic methane oxidation, and the glacial–interglacial phosphorus cycle
Estimation of the natural background of phosphate in a lowland river using tidal marsh sediment cores
Geochemical consequences of oxygen diffusion from the oceanic crust into overlying sediments and its significance for biogeochemical cycles based on sediments of the northeast Pacific
Carbon sources of benthic fauna in temperate lakes across multiple trophic states
Deep-water inflow event increases sedimentary phosphorus release on a multi-year scale
Bioturbation has a limited effect on phosphorus burial in salt marsh sediments
Biogeochemical impact of cable bacteria on coastal Black Sea sediment
Organic carbon characteristics in ice-rich permafrost in alas and Yedoma deposits, central Yakutia, Siberia
The control of hydrogen sulfide on benthic iron and cadmium fluxes in the oxygen minimum zone off Peru
Quantity and distribution of methane entrapped in sediments of calcareous, Alpine glacier forefields
Assessing the potential for non-turbulent methane escape from the East Siberian Arctic Shelf
Vertical transport of sediment-associated metals and cyanobacteria by ebullition in a stratified lake
Evidence of changes in sedimentation rate and sediment fabric in a low-oxygen setting: Santa Monica Basin, CA
Authigenic formation of Ca–Mg carbonates in the shallow alkaline Lake Neusiedl, Austria
Vivianite formation in ferruginous sediments from Lake Towuti, Indonesia
Impact of ambient conditions on the Si isotope fractionation in marine pore fluids during early diagenesis
Impact of small-scale disturbances on geochemical conditions, biogeochemical processes and element fluxes in surface sediments of the eastern Clarion–Clipperton Zone, Pacific Ocean
Acetate turnover and methanogenic pathways in Amazonian lake sediments
Benthic alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon fluxes in the Rhône River prodelta generated by decoupled aerobic and anaerobic processes
Small-scale heterogeneity of trace metals including rare earth elements and yttrium in deep-sea sediments and porewaters of the Peru Basin, southeastern equatorial Pacific
Organic matter contents and degradation in a highly trawled area during fresh particle inputs (Gulf of Castellammare, southwestern Mediterranean)
Identifying the core bacterial microbiome of hydrocarbon degradation and a shift of dominant methanogenesis pathways in the oil and aqueous phases of petroleum reservoirs of different temperatures from China
Effects of eutrophication on sedimentary organic carbon cycling in five temperate lakes
Evidence for microbial iron reduction in the methanic sediments of the oligotrophic southeastern Mediterranean continental shelf
Fracture-controlled fluid transport supports microbial methane-oxidizing communities at Vestnesa Ridge
Hydrothermal alteration of aragonitic biocarbonates: assessment of micro- and nanostructural dissolution–reprecipitation and constraints of diagenetic overprint from quantitative statistical grain-area analysis
Large variations in iron input to an oligotrophic Baltic Sea estuary: impact on sedimentary phosphorus burial
Vivianite formation in methane-rich deep-sea sediments from the South China Sea
Benthic archaea as potential sources of tetraether membrane lipids in sediments across an oxygen minimum zone
Carbon amendment stimulates benthic nitrogen cycling during the bioremediation of particulate aquaculture waste
Modelling biogeochemical processes in sediments from the north-western Adriatic Sea: response to enhanced particulate organic carbon fluxes
Carbon mineralization in Laptev and East Siberian sea shelf and slope sediment
Reviews and syntheses: to the bottom of carbon processing at the seafloor
Scotland's forgotten carbon: a national assessment of mid-latitude fjord sedimentary carbon stocks
Does denitrification occur within porous carbonate sand grains?
Sediment phosphorus speciation and mobility under dynamic redox conditions
Pore water geochemistry along continental slopes north of the East Siberian Sea: inference of low methane concentrations
Experimental diagenesis: insights into aragonite to calcite transformation of Arctica islandica shells by hydrothermal treatment
Manganese and iron reduction dominate organic carbon oxidation in surface sediments of the deep Ulleung Basin, East Sea
Carbonate chemistry in sediment porewaters of the Rhône River delta driven by early diagenesis (northwestern Mediterranean)
Anaerobic oxidation of methane alters sediment records of sulfur, iron and phosphorus in the Black Sea
Moderate topsoil erosion rates constrain the magnitude of the erosion-induced carbon sink and agricultural productivity losses on the Chinese Loess Plateau
Massive asphalt deposits, oil seepage, and gas venting support abundant chemosynthetic communities at the Campeche Knolls, southern Gulf of Mexico
Patterns of carbon processing at the seafloor: the role of faunal and microbial communities in moderating carbon flows
Quantitative sediment source attribution with compound-specific isotope analysis in a C3 plant-dominated catchment (central Switzerland)
Benthic phosphorus cycling in the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone
Microbial methanogenesis in the sulfate-reducing zone of surface sediments traversing the Peruvian margin
Christiane Schmidt, Emmanuelle Geslin, Joan M. Bernhard, Charlotte LeKieffre, Mette Marianne Svenning, Helene Roberge, Magali Schweizer, and Giuliana Panieri
Biogeosciences, 19, 3897–3909, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3897-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3897-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study is the first to show non-selective deposit feeding in the foraminifera Nonionella labradorica and the possible uptake of methanotrophic bacteria. We carried out a feeding experiment with a marine methanotroph to examine the ultrastructure of the cell and degradation vacuoles using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results revealed three putative methanotrophs at the outside of the cell/test, which could be taken up via non-targeted grazing in seeps or our experiment.
James P. J. Ward, Katharine R. Hendry, Sandra Arndt, Johan C. Faust, Felipe S. Freitas, Sian F. Henley, Jeffrey W. Krause, Christian März, Allyson C. Tessin, and Ruth L. Airs
Biogeosciences, 19, 3445–3467, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3445-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3445-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The seafloor plays an important role in the cycling of silicon (Si), a key nutrient that promotes marine primary productivity. In our model study, we disentangle major controls on the seafloor Si cycle to better anticipate the impacts of continued warming and sea ice melt in the Barents Sea. We uncover a coupling of the iron redox and Si cycles, dissolution of lithogenic silicates, and authigenic clay formation, comprising a Si sink that could have implications for the Arctic Ocean Si budget.
Hanni Vigderovich, Werner Eckert, Michal Elul, Maxim Rubin-Blum, Marcus Elvert, and Orit Sivan
Biogeosciences, 19, 2313–2331, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2313-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2313-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is one of the major processes limiting the release of the greenhouse gas methane from natural environments. Here we show that significant AOM exists in the methane zone of lake sediments in natural conditions and even after long-term (ca. 18 months) anaerobic slurry incubations with two stages. Methanogens were most likely responsible for oxidizing the methane, and humic substances and iron oxides are likely electron acceptors to support this oxidation.
Bjorn Sundby, Pierre Anschutz, Pascal Lecroart, and Alfonso Mucci
Biogeosciences, 19, 1421–1434, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1421-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1421-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A glacial–interglacial methane-fuelled redistribution of reactive phosphorus between the oceanic and sedimentary phosphorus reservoirs can occur in the ocean when falling sea level lowers the pressure on the seafloor, destabilizes methane hydrates, and triggers the dissolution of P-bearing iron oxides. The mass of phosphate potentially mobilizable from the sediment is similar to the size of the current oceanic reservoir. Hence, this process may play a major role in the marine phosphorus cycle.
Florian Lauryssen, Philippe Crombé, Tom Maris, Elliot Van Maldegem, Marijn Van de Broek, Stijn Temmerman, and Erik Smolders
Biogeosciences, 19, 763–776, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-763-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-763-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Surface waters in lowland regions have a poor surface water quality, mainly due to excess nutrients like phosphate. Therefore, we wanted to know the phosphate levels without humans, also called the pre-industrial background. Phosphate binds strongly to sediment particles, suspended in the river water. In this research we used sediments deposited by a river as an archive for surface water phosphate back to 1800 CE. Pre-industrial phosphate levels were estimated at one-third of the modern levels.
Gerard J. M. Versteegh, Andrea Koschinsky, Thomas Kuhn, Inken Preuss, and Sabine Kasten
Biogeosciences, 18, 4965–4984, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4965-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4965-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Oxygen penetrates sediments not only from the ocean bottom waters but also from the basement. The impact of the latter is poorly understood. We show that this basement oxygen has a clear impact on the nitrogen cycle, the redox state, and the distribution of manganese, nickel cobalt and organic matter in the sediments. This is important for (1) global biogeochemical cycles, (2) understanding sedimentary life and (3) the interpretation of the sediment record to reconstruct the past.
Annika Fiskal, Eva Anthamatten, Longhui Deng, Xingguo Han, Lorenzo Lagostina, Anja Michel, Rong Zhu, Nathalie Dubois, Carsten J. Schubert, Stefano M. Bernasconi, and Mark A. Lever
Biogeosciences, 18, 4369–4388, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4369-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4369-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Microbially produced methane can serve as a carbon source for freshwater macrofauna most likely through grazing on methane-oxidizing bacteria. This study investigates the contributions of different carbon sources to macrofaunal biomass. Our data suggest that the average contribution of methane-derived carbon is similar between different fauna but overall remains low. This is further supported by the low abundance of methane-cycling microorganisms.
Astrid Hylén, Sebastiaan J. van de Velde, Mikhail Kononets, Mingyue Luo, Elin Almroth-Rosell, and Per O. J. Hall
Biogeosciences, 18, 2981–3004, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2981-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2981-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Sediments in oxygen-depleted ocean areas release high amounts of phosphorus, feeding algae that consume oxygen upon degradation, leading to further phosphorus release. Oxygenation is thought to trap phosphorus in the sediment and break this feedback. We studied the sediment phosphorus cycle in a previously anoxic area after an inflow of oxic water. Surprisingly, the sediment phosphorus release increased, showing that feedbacks between phosphorus release and oxygen depletion can be hard to break.
Sebastiaan J. van de Velde, Rebecca K. James, Ine Callebaut, Silvia Hidalgo-Martinez, and Filip J. R. Meysman
Biogeosciences, 18, 1451–1461, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1451-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1451-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Some 540 Myr ago, animal life evolved in the ocean. Previous research suggested that when these early animals started inhabiting the seafloor, they retained phosphorus in the seafloor, thereby limiting photosynthesis in the ocean. We studied salt marsh sediments with and without animals and found that their impact on phosphorus retention is limited, which implies that their impact on the global environment might have been less drastic than previously assumed.
Martijn Hermans, Nils Risgaard-Petersen, Filip J. R. Meysman, and Caroline P. Slomp
Biogeosciences, 17, 5919–5938, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5919-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5919-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This paper demonstrates that the recently discovered cable bacteria are capable of using a mineral, known as siderite, as a source for the formation of iron oxides. This work also demonstrates that the activity of cable bacteria can lead to a distinct subsurface layer in the sediment that can be used as a marker for their activity.
Torben Windirsch, Guido Grosse, Mathias Ulrich, Lutz Schirrmeister, Alexander N. Fedorov, Pavel Y. Konstantinov, Matthias Fuchs, Loeka L. Jongejans, Juliane Wolter, Thomas Opel, and Jens Strauss
Biogeosciences, 17, 3797–3814, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3797-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3797-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
To extend the knowledge on circumpolar deep permafrost carbon storage, we examined two deep permafrost deposit types (Yedoma and alas) in central Yakutia. We found little but partially undecomposed organic carbon as a result of largely changing sedimentation processes. The carbon stock of the examined Yedoma deposits is about 50 % lower than the general Yedoma domain mean, implying a very hetererogeneous Yedoma composition, while the alas is approximately 80 % below the thermokarst deposit mean.
Anna Plass, Christian Schlosser, Stefan Sommer, Andrew W. Dale, Eric P. Achterberg, and Florian Scholz
Biogeosciences, 17, 3685–3704, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3685-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3685-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We compare the cycling of Fe and Cd in sulfidic sediments of the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone. Due to the contrasting solubility of their sulfide minerals, the sedimentary Fe release and Cd burial fluxes covary with spatial and temporal distributions of H2S. Depending on the solubility of their sulfide minerals, sedimentary trace metal fluxes will respond differently to ocean deoxygenation/expansion of H2S concentrations, which may change trace metal stoichiometry of upwelling water masses.
Biqing Zhu, Manuel Kübler, Melanie Ridoli, Daniel Breitenstein, and Martin H. Schroth
Biogeosciences, 17, 3613–3630, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3613-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3613-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We provide evidence that the greenhouse gas methane (CH4) is enclosed in calcareous glacier-forefield sediments across Switzerland. Geochemical analyses confirmed that this ancient CH4 has its origin in the calcareous parent bedrock. Our estimate of the total quantity of CH4 enclosed in sediments across Switzerland indicates a large CH4 mass (~105 t CH4). We produced evidence that CH4 is stable in its enclosed state, but additional experiments are needed to elucidate its long-term fate.
Matteo Puglini, Victor Brovkin, Pierre Regnier, and Sandra Arndt
Biogeosciences, 17, 3247–3275, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3247-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3247-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
A reaction-transport model to assess the potential non-turbulent methane flux from the East Siberian Arctic sediments to water columns is applied here. We show that anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) is an efficient filter except for high values of sedimentation rate and advective flow, which enable considerable non-turbulent steady-state methane fluxes. Significant transient methane fluxes can also occur during the building-up phase of the AOM-performing biomass microbial community.
Kyle Delwiche, Junyao Gu, Harold Hemond, and Sarah P. Preheim
Biogeosciences, 17, 3135–3147, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3135-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3135-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we investigate whether bubbles transport sediments containing arsenic and cyanobacteria from the bottom to the top of a polluted lake. We measured arsenic and cyanobacteria from bubble traps in the lake and from an experimental bubble column in the laboratory. We found that bubble transport was not an important source of arsenic in the surface waters but that bubbles could transport enough cyanobacteria to the surface to exacerbate harmful algal blooms.
Nathaniel Kemnitz, William M. Berelson, Douglas E. Hammond, Laura Morine, Maria Figueroa, Timothy W. Lyons, Simon Scharf, Nick Rollins, Elizabeth Petsios, Sydnie Lemieux, and Tina Treude
Biogeosciences, 17, 2381–2396, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2381-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2381-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Our paper shows how sedimentation in a very low oxygen setting provides a unique record of environmental change. We look at the past 250 years through the filter of sediment accumulation via radioisotope dating and other physical and chemical analyses of these sediments. We conclude, remarkably, that there has been very little change in net sediment mass accumulation through the past 100–150 years, yet just prior to 1900 CE, sediments were accumulating at 50 %–70 % of today's rate.
Dario Fussmann, Avril Jean Elisabeth von Hoyningen-Huene, Andreas Reimer, Dominik Schneider, Hana Babková, Robert Peticzka, Andreas Maier, Gernot Arp, Rolf Daniel, and Patrick Meister
Biogeosciences, 17, 2085–2106, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2085-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2085-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) is supersaturated in many aquatic settings (e.g., seawater) on modern Earth but does not precipitate directly from the fluid, a fact known as the dolomite problem. The widely acknowledged concept of dolomite precipitation involves microbial extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) and anoxic conditions as important drivers. In contrast, results from Lake Neusiedl support an alternative concept of Ca–Mg carbonate precipitation under aerobic and alkaline conditions.
Aurèle Vuillemin, André Friese, Richard Wirth, Jan A. Schuessler, Anja M. Schleicher, Helga Kemnitz, Andreas Lücke, Kohen W. Bauer, Sulung Nomosatryo, Friedhelm von Blanckenburg, Rachel Simister, Luis G. Ordoñez, Daniel Ariztegui, Cynthia Henny, James M. Russell, Satria Bijaksana, Hendrik Vogel, Sean A. Crowe, Jens Kallmeyer, and the Towuti Drilling Project
Science team
Biogeosciences, 17, 1955–1973, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1955-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1955-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Ferruginous lakes experience restricted primary production due to phosphorus trapping by ferric iron oxides under oxic conditions. We report the presence of large crystals of vivianite, a ferrous iron phosphate, in sediments from Lake Towuti, Indonesia. We address processes of P retention linked to diagenesis of iron phases. Vivianite crystals had light Fe2+ isotope signatures and contained mineral inclusions consistent with antecedent processes of microbial sulfate and iron reduction.
Sonja Geilert, Patricia Grasse, Kristin Doering, Klaus Wallmann, Claudia Ehlert, Florian Scholz, Martin Frank, Mark Schmidt, and Christian Hensen
Biogeosciences, 17, 1745–1763, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1745-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1745-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Marine silicate weathering is a key process of the marine silica cycle; however, its controlling processes are not well understood. In the Guaymas Basin, silicate weathering has been studied under markedly differing ambient conditions. Environmental settings like redox conditions or terrigenous input of reactive silicates appear to be major factors controlling marine silicate weathering. These factors need to be taken into account in future oceanic mass balances of Si and in modeling studies.
Jessica B. Volz, Laura Haffert, Matthias Haeckel, Andrea Koschinsky, and Sabine Kasten
Biogeosciences, 17, 1113–1131, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1113-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1113-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Potential future deep-sea mining of polymetallic nodules at the seafloor is expected to severely harm the marine environment. However, the consequences on deep-sea ecosystems are still poorly understood. This study on surface sediments from man-made disturbance tracks in the Pacific Ocean shows that due to the removal of the uppermost sediment layer and thereby the loss of organic matter, the geochemical system in the sediments is disturbed for millennia before reaching a new equilibrium.
Ralf Conrad, Melanie Klose, and Alex Enrich-Prast
Biogeosciences, 17, 1063–1069, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1063-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1063-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Lake sediments release the greenhouse gas CH4. Acetate is an important precursor. Although Amazonian lake sediments all contained acetate-consuming methanogens, measurement of the turnover of labeled acetate showed that some sediments converted acetate not to CH4 plus CO2, as expected, but only to CO2. Our results indicate the operation of acetate-oxidizing microorganisms couples the oxidation process to syntrophic methanogenic partners and/or to the reduction of organic compounds.
Jens Rassmann, Eryn M. Eitel, Bruno Lansard, Cécile Cathalot, Christophe Brandily, Martial Taillefert, and Christophe Rabouille
Biogeosciences, 17, 13–33, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-13-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-13-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In this paper, we use a large set of measurements made using in situ and lab techniques to elucidate the cause of dissolved inorganic carbon fluxes in sediments from the Rhône delta and its companion compound alkalinity, which carries the absorption capacity of coastal waters with respect to atmospheric CO2. We show that sediment processes (sulfate reduction, FeS precipitation and accumulation) are crucial in generating the alkalinity fluxes observed in this study by in situ incubation chambers.
Sophie A. L. Paul, Matthias Haeckel, Michael Bau, Rajina Bajracharya, and Andrea Koschinsky
Biogeosciences, 16, 4829–4849, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4829-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4829-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the upper 10 m of deep-sea sediments, including pore water, in the Peru Basin to understand small-scale variability of trace metals. Our results show high spatial variability related to topographical variations, which in turn impact organic matter contents, degradation processes, and trace metal cycling. Another interesting finding was the influence of dissolving buried nodules on the surrounding sediment and trace metal cycling.
Sarah Paradis, Antonio Pusceddu, Pere Masqué, Pere Puig, Davide Moccia, Tommaso Russo, and Claudio Lo Iacono
Biogeosciences, 16, 4307–4320, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4307-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4307-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Chronic deep bottom trawling in the Gulf of Castellammare (SW Mediterranean) erodes large volumes of sediment, exposing over-century-old sediment depleted in organic matter. Nevertheless, the arrival of fresh and nutritious sediment recovers superficial organic matter in trawling grounds and leads to high turnover rates, partially and temporarily mitigating the impacts of bottom trawling. However, this deposition is ephemeral and it will be swiftly eroded by the passage of the next trawler.
Zhichao Zhou, Bo Liang, Li-Ying Wang, Jin-Feng Liu, Bo-Zhong Mu, Hojae Shim, and Ji-Dong Gu
Biogeosciences, 16, 4229–4241, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4229-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4229-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
This study shows a core bacterial microbiome with a small proportion of shared operational taxonomic units of common sequences among all oil reservoirs. Dominant methanogenesis shifts from the hydrogenotrophic pathway in water phase to the acetoclastic pathway in the oil phase at high temperatures, but the opposite is true at low temperatures. There are also major functional metabolism differences between the two phases for amino acids, hydrocarbons, and carbohydrates.
Annika Fiskal, Longhui Deng, Anja Michel, Philip Eickenbusch, Xingguo Han, Lorenzo Lagostina, Rong Zhu, Michael Sander, Martin H. Schroth, Stefano M. Bernasconi, Nathalie Dubois, and Mark A. Lever
Biogeosciences, 16, 3725–3746, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3725-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3725-2019, 2019
Hanni Vigderovich, Lewen Liang, Barak Herut, Fengping Wang, Eyal Wurgaft, Maxim Rubin-Blum, and Orit Sivan
Biogeosciences, 16, 3165–3181, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3165-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3165-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Microbial iron reduction participates in important biogeochemical cycles. In the last decade iron reduction has been observed in many aquatic sediments below its classical zone, in the methane production zone, suggesting a link between the two cycles. Here we present evidence for microbial iron reduction in the methanogenic depth of the oligotrophic SE Mediterranean continental shelf using mainly geochemical and microbial sedimentary profiles and suggest possible mechanisms for this process.
Haoyi Yao, Wei-Li Hong, Giuliana Panieri, Simone Sauer, Marta E. Torres, Moritz F. Lehmann, Friederike Gründger, and Helge Niemann
Biogeosciences, 16, 2221–2232, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2221-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2221-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
How methane is transported in the sediment is important for the microbial community living on methane. Here we report an observation of a mini-fracture that facilitates the advective gas transport of methane in the sediment, compared to the diffusive fluid transport without a fracture. We found contrasting bio-geochemical signals in these different transport modes. This finding can help to fill the gap in the fracture network system in modulating methane dynamics in surface sediments.
Laura A. Casella, Sixin He, Erika Griesshaber, Lourdes Fernández-Díaz, Martina Greiner, Elizabeth M. Harper, Daniel J. Jackson, Andreas Ziegler, Vasileios Mavromatis, Martin Dietzel, Anton Eisenhauer, Sabino Veintemillas-Verdaguer, Uwe Brand, and Wolfgang W. Schmahl
Biogeosciences, 15, 7451–7484, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7451-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7451-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Biogenic carbonates record past environmental conditions. Fossil shell chemistry and microstructure change as metastable biogenic carbonates are replaced by inorganic calcite. Simulated diagenetic alteration at 175 °C of different shell microstructures showed that (nacreous) shell aragonite and calcite were partially replaced by coarse inorganic calcite crystals due to dissolution–reprecipitation reactions. EBSD maps allowed for qualitative assessment of the degree of diagenetic overprint.
Wytze K. Lenstra, Matthias Egger, Niels A. G. M. van Helmond, Emma Kritzberg, Daniel J. Conley, and Caroline P. Slomp
Biogeosciences, 15, 6979–6996, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6979-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6979-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We show that burial rates of phosphorus (P) in an estuary in the northern Baltic Sea are very high. We demonstrate that at high sedimentation rates, P retention in the sediment is related to the formation of vivianite. With a reactive transport model, we assess the sensitivity of sedimentary vivianite formation. We suggest that enrichments of iron and P in the sediment are linked to periods of enhanced riverine input of Fe, which subsequently strongly enhances P burial in coastal sediments.
Jiarui Liu, Gareth Izon, Jiasheng Wang, Gilad Antler, Zhou Wang, Jie Zhao, and Matthias Egger
Biogeosciences, 15, 6329–6348, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6329-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6329-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Our work provides new insights into the biogeochemical cycling of iron, methane and phosphorus. We found that vivianite, an iron-phosphate mineral, is pervasive in methane-rich sediments, suggesting that iron reduction at depth is coupled to phosphorus and methane cycling on a much greater spatial scale than previously assumed. Acting as an important burial mechanism for iron and phosphorus, vivianite authigenesis may be an under-considered process in both modern and ancient settings alike.
Marc A. Besseling, Ellen C. Hopmans, R. Christine Boschman, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and Laura Villanueva
Biogeosciences, 15, 4047–4064, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4047-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4047-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Benthic archaea comprise a significant part of the total prokaryotic biomass in marine sediments. Here, we compared the archaeal diversity and intact polar lipid (IPL) composition in both surface and subsurface sediments with different oxygen regimes in the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone. The oxygenated sediments were dominated by Thaumarchaeota and IPL-GDGT-0. The anoxic sediment contained highly diverse archaeal communities and high relative abundances of IPL-GDGT-1 to -4.
Georgina Robinson, Thomas MacTavish, Candida Savage, Gary S. Caldwell, Clifford L. W. Jones, Trevor Probyn, Bradley D. Eyre, and Selina M. Stead
Biogeosciences, 15, 1863–1878, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1863-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1863-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study examined the effect of adding carbon to a sediment-based effluent treatment system to treat nitrogen-rich aquaculture waste. The research was conducted in incubation chambers to measure the exchange of gases and nutrients across the sediment–water interface and examine changes in the sediment microbial community. Adding carbon increased the amount of nitrogen retained in the treatment system, thereby reducing the levels of nitrogen needing to be discharged to the environment.
Daniele Brigolin, Christophe Rabouille, Bruno Bombled, Silvia Colla, Salvatrice Vizzini, Roberto Pastres, and Fabio Pranovi
Biogeosciences, 15, 1347–1366, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1347-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-1347-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We present the result of a study carried out in the north-western Adriatic Sea by combining two different types of models with field sampling. A mussel farm was taken as a local source of perturbation to the natural flux of particulate organic carbon to the sediment. Differences in fluxes were primarily associated with mussel physiological conditions. Although restricted, these changes in particulate organic carbon fluxes induced visible effects on sediment biogeochemistry.
Volker Brüchert, Lisa Bröder, Joanna E. Sawicka, Tommaso Tesi, Samantha P. Joye, Xiaole Sun, Igor P. Semiletov, and Vladimir A. Samarkin
Biogeosciences, 15, 471–490, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-471-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-471-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
We determined the aerobic and anaerobic degradation rates of land- and marine-derived organic material in East Siberian shelf sediment. Marine plankton-derived organic carbon was the main source for the oxic dissolved carbon dioxide production, whereas terrestrial organic material significantly contributed to the production of carbon dioxide under anoxic conditions. Our direct degradation rate measurements provide new constraints for the present-day Arctic marine carbon budget.
Jack J. Middelburg
Biogeosciences, 15, 413–427, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-413-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-413-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Organic carbon processing at the seafloor is studied by geologists to better understand the sedimentary record, by biogeochemists to quantify burial and respiration, by organic geochemists to elucidate compositional changes, and by ecologists to follow carbon transfers within food webs. These disciplinary approaches have their strengths and weaknesses. This award talk provides a synthesis, highlights the role of animals in sediment carbon processing and presents some new concepts.
Craig Smeaton, William E. N. Austin, Althea L. Davies, Agnes Baltzer, John A. Howe, and John M. Baxter
Biogeosciences, 14, 5663–5674, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5663-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5663-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Fjord sediments are recognised as hotspots for the burial and long-term storage of carbon. In this study, we use the Scottish fjords as a natural laboratory. Using geophysical and geochemical analysis in combination with upscaling techniques, we have generated the first full national sedimentary C inventory for a fjordic system. The results indicate that the Scottish fjords on a like-for-like basis are more effective as C stores than their terrestrial counterparts, including Scottish peatlands.
Perran Louis Miall Cook, Adam John Kessler, and Bradley David Eyre
Biogeosciences, 14, 4061–4069, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4061-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-4061-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Nitrogen is the key nutrient that typically limits productivity in coastal waters. One of the key controls on the amount of bioavailable nitrogen is the process of denitrification, which converts nitrate (bioavailable) into nitrogen gas. Previous studies suggest high rates of denitrification may take place within carbonate sediments, and one explanation for this is that this process may take place within the sand grains. Here we show evidence to support this hypothesis.
Chris T. Parsons, Fereidoun Rezanezhad, David W. O'Connell, and Philippe Van Cappellen
Biogeosciences, 14, 3585–3602, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3585-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3585-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Phosphorus (P) has accumulated in sediments due to past human activities. The re-release of this P to water contributes to the growth of harmful algal blooms. Our research improves our mechanistic understanding of how P is partitioned between different chemical forms and between sediment and water under dynamic conditions. We demonstrate that P trapped within iron minerals may be less mobile during anoxic conditions than previously thought due to reversible changes to P forms within sediment.
Clint M. Miller, Gerald R. Dickens, Martin Jakobsson, Carina Johansson, Andrey Koshurnikov, Matt O'Regan, Francesco Muschitiello, Christian Stranne, and Carl-Magnus Mörth
Biogeosciences, 14, 2929–2953, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2929-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-2929-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Continental slopes north of the East Siberian Sea are assumed to hold large amounts of methane. We present pore water chemistry from the 2014 SWERUS-C3 expedition. These are among the first results generated from this vast climatically sensitive region, and they imply that abundant methane, including gas hydrates, do not characterize the East Siberian Sea slope or rise. This contradicts previous modeling and discussions, which due to the lack of data are almost entirely based assumption.
Laura A. Casella, Erika Griesshaber, Xiaofei Yin, Andreas Ziegler, Vasileios Mavromatis, Dirk Müller, Ann-Christine Ritter, Dorothee Hippler, Elizabeth M. Harper, Martin Dietzel, Adrian Immenhauser, Bernd R. Schöne, Lucia Angiolini, and Wolfgang W. Schmahl
Biogeosciences, 14, 1461–1492, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1461-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1461-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Mollusc shells record past environments. Fossil shell chemistry and microstructure change as metastable biogenic aragonite transforms to stable geogenic calcite. We simulated this alteration of Arctica islandica shells by hydrothermal treatments. Below 175 °C the shell aragonite survived for weeks. At 175 °C the replacement of the original material starts after 4 days and yields submillimetre-sized calcites preserving the macroscopic morphology as well as the original internal micromorphology.
Jung-Ho Hyun, Sung-Han Kim, Jin-Sook Mok, Hyeyoun Cho, Tongsup Lee, Verona Vandieken, and Bo Thamdrup
Biogeosciences, 14, 941–958, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-941-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-941-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
The surface sediments of the Ulleung Basin (UB) in the East Sea are characterized by high organic carbon contents (> 2.5 %, dry wt.) and very high concentrations of Mn oxides (> 200 μmol cm−3) and Fe oxides (up to 100 μmol cm−3). For the first time in deep offshore sediments on the Asian margin with water depth over 2000 m, we report that Mn reduction and Fe reduction were the dominant organic carbon (Corg) oxidation pathways, comprising 45 % and 20 % of total Corg oxidation, respectively.
Jens Rassmann, Bruno Lansard, Lara Pozzato, and Christophe Rabouille
Biogeosciences, 13, 5379–5394, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5379-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5379-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
In situ O2 and pH measurements as well as determination of porewater concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon, total alkalinity, sulfate and calcium have been measured in the sediments of the Rhône prodelta. Biogeochemical activity decreased with distance from the river mouth. Oxic processes decreased the carbonate saturation state (Ω) by lowering pH, whereas anaerobic organic matter degradation, dominated by sulfate reduction, was accompanied by increasing Ω and carbonate precipitation.
Matthias Egger, Peter Kraal, Tom Jilbert, Fatimah Sulu-Gambari, Célia J. Sapart, Thomas Röckmann, and Caroline P. Slomp
Biogeosciences, 13, 5333–5355, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5333-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5333-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
By combining detailed geochemical analyses with diagenetic modeling, we provide new insights into how methane dynamics may strongly overprint burial records of iron, sulfur and phosphorus in marine systems subject to changes in organic matter loading or water column salinity. A better understanding of these processes will improve our ability to read ancient sediment records and thus to predict the potential consequences of global warming and human-enhanced inputs of nutrients to the ocean.
Jianlin Zhao, Kristof Van Oost, Longqian Chen, and Gerard Govers
Biogeosciences, 13, 4735–4750, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4735-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4735-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We used a novel approach to reassess erosion rates on the CLP. We found that both current average topsoil erosion rates and the maximum magnitude of the erosion-induced carbon sink are overestimated on the CLP. Although average topsoil losses on the CLP are still high, a major increase in agricultural productivity occurred since 1980. Hence, erosion is currently not a direct threat to agricultural productivity on the CLP but the long-term effects of erosion on soil quality remain important.
Heiko Sahling, Christian Borowski, Elva Escobar-Briones, Adriana Gaytán-Caballero, Chieh-Wei Hsu, Markus Loher, Ian MacDonald, Yann Marcon, Thomas Pape, Miriam Römer, Maxim Rubin-Blum, Florence Schubotz, Daniel Smrzka, Gunter Wegener, and Gerhard Bohrmann
Biogeosciences, 13, 4491–4512, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4491-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4491-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
We were excited about nature’s diversity when we discovered spectacular flows of heavy oil at the seafloor with the remotely operated vehicle QUEST 4000 m in Campeche Bay, southern Gulf of Mexico. Vigorous methane gas bubble emissions lead to massive gas hydrate deposits at water depth as deep as 3420 m. The hydrates formed metre-sized mounds at the seafloor that were densely overgrown by vestimentiferan tubeworms and other seep-typical organisms.
Clare Woulds, Steven Bouillon, Gregory L. Cowie, Emily Drake, Jack J. Middelburg, and Ursula Witte
Biogeosciences, 13, 4343–4357, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4343-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4343-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Estuarine sediments are important locations for carbon cycling and burial. We used tracer experiments to investigate how site conditions affect the way in which seafloor biological communities cycle carbon. We showed that while total respiration rates are primarily determined by temperature, total carbon processing by the biological community is strongly related to
its biomass. Further, we saw a distinct pattern of carbon cycling in sandy sediment, in which uptake by bacteria dominates.
Christine Alewell, Axel Birkholz, Katrin Meusburger, Yael Schindler Wildhaber, and Lionel Mabit
Biogeosciences, 13, 1587–1596, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1587-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1587-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Origin of suspended sediments in rivers is of crucial importance for optimization of catchment management. Sediment source attribution to a lowland river in central Switzerland with compound specific stable isotopes analysis (CSIA) indicated that 65 % of the suspended sediments originated from agricultural land during base flow, while forest was the dominant source during high flow. We achieved significant differences in CSIA signature from land uses dominated by C3 plant cultivation.
Ulrike Lomnitz, Stefan Sommer, Andrew W. Dale, Carolin R. Löscher, Anna Noffke, Klaus Wallmann, and Christian Hensen
Biogeosciences, 13, 1367–1386, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1367-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-1367-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The study presents a P budget including the P input from the water column, the P burial in the sediments, as well as the P release from the sediments. We found that the P input could not maintain the P release rates. Consideration of other P sources, e.g., terrigenous P and P released from the dissolution of Fe oxyhydroxides, showed that none of these can account for the missing P. Thus, it is likely that abundant sulfide-oxidizing bacteria release the missing P during our measurement period.
J. Maltby, S. Sommer, A. W. Dale, and T. Treude
Biogeosciences, 13, 283–299, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-283-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-283-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The concurrence of methanogenesis and sulfate reduction was investigated in surface sediments (0–25cm b.s.f.) traversing the Peruvian margin. Surface methanogenesis was mainly based on non-competitive substrates to avoid competition with sulfate reducers. Accordingly, surface methanogenesis was mainly controlled by the availability of labile organic matter. The high relevance of surface methanogenesis especially on the shelf indicates its underestimated role within benthic methane budgeting.
Cited articles
Algeo, T. J. and Ingall, E.: Sedimentary \chem{C_{org}} : P ratios, paleocean ventilation, and Phanerozoic atmospheric pO2, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 256, 130–155, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.02.029, 2007.
Anderson, L. D., Delaney, M. L., and Faul, K. L.: Carbon to phosphorus ratios in sediments: implications for nutrient cycling, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 15, 65–79, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gb001270, 2001.
Arrigo, K. R.: Marine microorganisms and global nutrient cycles, Nature, 437, 349–355, https://doi.org/10.1038/nature04159, 2005.
Badarinath, K. V. S., Kharol, S. K., Kaskaoutis, D. G., Sharma, A. R., Ramaswamy, V., and Kambezidis, H. D.: Long-range transport of dust aerosols over the Arabian Sea and Indian region – a case study using satellite data and ground-based measurements, Global Planet. Change, 72, 164–181, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2010.02.003, 2010.
Bange, H. W., Naqvi, S. W. A., and Codispoti, L. A.: The nitrogen cycle in the Arabian Sea, Prog. Oceanogr., 65, 145–158, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2005.03.002, 2005.
Banse, K.: Seasonality of phytoplankton chlorophyll in the Central and Northern Arabian sea, Deep Sea Res., 34, 713–723, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(87)90032-X, 1987.
Berg, P., Rysgaard, S., and Thamdrup, B.: Dynamic modeling of early diagenesis and nutrient cycling. A case study in an Arctic marine sediment, Am. J. Sci., 303, 905–955, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.303.10.905, 2003.
Boer, W., Van den Bergh, G. D., De Haas, H., De Stigter, H. C., Gieles, R., and Van Weering, T. C. E.: Validation of accumulation rates in Teluk Banten (Indonesia) from commonly applied Pb-210 models, using the 1883 Krakatau tephra as time marker, Mar. Geol., 227, 263–277, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2005.12.002, 2006.
Boetius, A., Ferdelman, T., and Lochte, K.: Bacterial activity in sediments of the deep Arabian Sea in relation to vertical flux, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 47, 2835–2875, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00051-5, 2000.
Boudreau, B. P.: On the equivalence of nonlocal and radial-diffusion models for porewater irrigation J. Mar. Res., 42, 731–735, 1984.
Boudreau, B. P.: Mathematics of tracer mixing in sediments. II. Nonlocal mixing and biological conveyor-belt phenomena, Am. J. Sci., 286, 199–238, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.286.3.199, 1986.
Boudreau, B. P.: A method-of-lines code for carbon and nutrient diagenesis in aquatic sediments, Comput. Geosci., 22, 479–496, 1996.
Boudreau, B. P.: Diagenetic models and their implementation: modelling transport and reactions in aquatic sediments, Springer-Verlag, 1997.
Canfield, D. E., Raiswell, R., Westrich, J. T., Reaves, C. M., and Berner, R. A.: The use of chromium reduction in the analysis of reduced inorganic sulfur in sediments and shales, Chem. Geol., 54, 149–155, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(86)90078-1, 1986.
Compton, J., Mallinson, D., Glenn, C. R., Filippelli, G. M., Föllmi, K. B., Shields, G., and Zanin, Y.: Variations in the global phosphorus cycle, in: Marine authigenesis: from global to microbial, SEPM Spec. Pub., 21–33, 2000.
Cowie, G. L. and Levin, L. A.: Benthic biological and biogeochemical patterns and processes across an oxygen minimum zone (Pakistan margin, NE Arabian Sea), Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 56, 261–270, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.10.001, 2009.
Eijsink, L. M., Krom, M. D., and Herut, B.: Speciation and burial flux of phosphorus in the surface sediments of the Eastern Mediterranean, Am. J. Sci., 300, 483–503, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.300.6.483, 2000.
Emerson, S., Jahnke, R., and Heggie, D.: Sediment-water exchange in shallow water estuarine sediments, J. Mar. Res., 42, 709–730, https://doi.org/10.1357/002224084788505942, 1984.
Faul, K. L., Paytan, A., and Delaney, M. L.: Phosphorus distribution in sinking oceanic particulate matter, Mar. Chem., 97, 307–333, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2005.04.002, 2005.
Föllmi, K. B.: The phosphorus cycle, phosphogenesis and marine phosphate-rich deposits, Earth-Sci. Rev., 40, 55–124, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-8252(95)00049-6, 1996.
Froelich, P. N., Arthur, M. A., Burnett, W. C., Deakin, M., Hensley, V., Jahnke, R., Kaul, L., Kim, K. H., Roe, K., Soutar, A., and Vathakanon, C.: Early diagenesis of organic-matter in Peru continental-margin sediments – phosphorite precipitation, Mar. Geol., 80, 309–343, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(88)90095-3, 1988.
Gächter, R., Meyer, J. S., and Mares, A.: Contribution of bacteria to release and fixation of phosphorus in lake-sediments, Limnol. Oceanogr., 33, 1542–1558, 1988.
Goldberg, E. D. and Koide, M.: Geochronological studies of deep sea sediments by the ionium/thorium method, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 26, 417–450, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(62)90112-6, 1962.
Goldhammer, T., Bruchert, V., Ferdelman, T. G., and Zabel, M.: Microbial sequestration of phosphorus in anoxic upwelling sediments, Nature Geosci., 3, 557–561, https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo913, 2010.
Grandel, S., Rickert, D., Schlüter, M., and Wallmann, K.: Pore-water distribution and quantification of diffusive benthic fluxes of silicic acid, nitrate and phosphate in surface sediments of the deep Arabian Sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 47, 2707–2734, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(00)00046-1, 2000.
Greenhalgh, R. and Riley, J. P.: The determination of fluorides in natural waters, with particular reference to sea water, Anal. Chim. Acta, 25, 179–188, https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2670(61)80199-2, 1961.
Guinasso, N. L. and Schink, D. R.: Quantitative estimates of biological mixing rates in abyssal sediments, J. Geophys. Res.-Ocean. Atm., 80, 3032–3043, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC080i021p03032, 1975.
Haake, B., Ittekkot, V., Ramaswamy, V., Nair, R. R., and Honjo, S.: Fluxes of amino-acids and hexosamines to the deep Arabian Sea, Mar. Chem., 40, 291–314, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(92)90028-9, 1992.
Haake, B., Ittekkot, V., Rixen, T., Ramaswamy, V., Nair, R. R., and Curry, W. B.: Seasonality and interannual variability of particle fluxes to the deep Arabian sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 40, 1323–1344, https://doi.org/10.1016/0967-0637(93)90114-I, 1993.
Honjo, S., Dymond, J., Prell, W., and Ittekkot, V.: Monsoon-controlled export fluxes to the interior of the Arabian Sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 46, 1859–1902, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00047-8, 1999.
Hupfer, M., Rube, B., and Schmieder, P.: Origin and diagenesis of polyphosphate in lake sediments: a 31P-NMR study, Limnol. Oceanogr., 49, 1–10, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2004.49.1.0001, 2004.
Ingall, E. and Jahnke, R.: Evidence for enhanced phosphorus regeneration from marine sediments overlain by oxygen depleted waters, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 58, 2571–2575, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(94)90033-7, 1994.
Ingall, E. D., Bustin, R. M., and Van Cappellen, P.: Influence of water column anoxia on the burial and preservation of carbon and phosphorus in marine shales, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 57, 303–316, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(93)90433-W, 1993.
Jaeschke, A., Ziegler, M., Hopmans, E. C., Reichart, G., Jan, Lourens, L. J., Schouten, S., and Sinninghe Damsté, J. S.: Molecular fossil evidence for anaerobic ammonium oxidation in the Arabian Sea over the last glacial cycle, Paleoceanography, 24, PA2202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008pa001712, 2009.
Jilbert, T., Slomp, C. P., Gustafsson, B. G., and Boer, W.: Beyond the Fe-P-redox connection: preferential regeneration of phosphorus from organic matter as a key control on Baltic Sea nutrient cycles, Biogeosciences, 8, 1699–1720, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-8-1699-2011, 2011.
Jørgensen, B. B.: A comparison of methods for the quantification of bacterial sulfate reduction in coastal marine sediments. 2. Calculations from mathematical models, Geomicrobiol. J., 1, 29–51, https://doi.org/10.1080/01490457809377722, 1978.
Kolla, V., Ray, P. K., and Kostecki, J. A.: Surficial sediments of the Arabian Sea, Mar. Geol., 41, 183–204, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(81)90080-3, 1981.
Kraal, P., Slomp, C. P., Forster, A., Kuypers, M. M. M., and Sluijs, A.: Pyrite oxidation during sample storage determines phosphorus fractionation in carbonate-poor anoxic sediments, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 73, 3277–3290, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2009.02.026, 2009.
Kraal, P., Slomp, C. P., and de Lange, G. J.: Sedimentary organic carbon to phosphorus ratios as a redox proxy in Quaternary records from the Mediterranean, Chem. Geol., 277, 167–177, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2010.08.003, 2010.
Law, G. T. W., Shimmield, T. M., Shimmield, G. B., Cowie, G. L., Breuer, E. R., and Martyn Harvey, S.: Manganese, iron, and sulphur cycling on the Pakistan margin, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 56, 305–323, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.06.011, 2009.
Lee, C., Murray, D. W., Barber, R. T., Buesseler, K. O., Dymond, J., Hedges, J. I., Honjo, S., Manganini, S. J., Marra, J., Moser, C., Peterson, M. L., Prell, W. L., and Wakeham, S. G.: Particulate organic carbon fluxes: compilation of results from the 1995 US JGOFS Arabian Sea process study: By the Arabian Sea carbon flux group, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 45, 2489–2501, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(98)00079-4, 1998.
Lee, C. M., Jones, B. H., Brink, K. H., and Fischer, A. S.: The upper-ocean response to monsoonal forcing in the Arabian Sea: seasonal and spatial variability, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 47, 1177–1226, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00141-1, 2000.
Lückge, A., Ercegovac, M., Strauss, H., and Littke, R.: Early diagenetic alteration of organic matter by sulfate reduction in Quaternary sediments from the northeastern Arabian Sea, Mar. Geol., 158, 1–13, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(98)00191-1, 1999.
Lückge, A., Horsfield, B., Littke, R., and Scheeder, G.: Organic matter preservation and sulphate uptake into sediments from the continental margin off Pakistan, Org. Geochem., 33, 477–488, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(01)00171-1, 2002.
Meile, C., Berg, P., Van Cappellen, P., and Tuncay, K.: Solute-specific pore water irrigation: Implications for chemical cycling in early diagenesis, J. Mar. Res., 63, 601–625, https://doi.org/10.1357/0022240054307885, 2005.
Moodley, L., Middelburg, J. J., Herman, P. M. J., Soetaert, K., and de Lange, G. J.: Oxygenation and organic-matter preservation in marine sediments: Direct experimental evidence from ancient organic carbon-rich deposits, Geology, 33, 889–892, https://doi.org/10.1130/g21731.1, 2005.
Nair, R. R., Ittekkot, V., Manganini, S. J., Ramaswamy, V., Haake, B., Degens, E. T., Desai, B. N., and Honjo, S.: Increased particle flux to the deep ocean related to monsoons, Nature, 338, 749–751, https://doi.org/10.1038/338749a0, 1989.
Naqvi, S. W. A., Bange, H. W., Gibb, S. W., Goyet, C., Hatton, A. D., and Upstill-Goddard, R. C.: Biogeochemical ocean-atmosphere transfers in the Arabian Sea, Prog. Oceanogr., 65, 116–144, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2005.03.005, 2005.
Naqvi, S. W. A., Moffett, J. W., Gauns, M. U., Narvekar, P. V., Pratihary, A. K., Naik, H., Shenoy, D. M., Jayakumar, D. A., Goepfert, T. J., Patra, P. K., Al-Azri, A., and Ahmed, S. I.: The Arabian Sea as a high-nutrient, low-chlorophyll region during the late Southwest Monsoon, Biogeosciences, 7, 2091–2100, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-2091-2010, 2010.
Okin, G. S., Baker, A. R., Tegen, I., Mahowald, N. M., Dentener, F. J., Duce, R. A., Galloway, J. N., Hunter, K., Kanakidou, M., Kubilay, N., Prospero, J. M., Sarin, M., Surapipith, V., Uematsu, M., and Zhu, T.: Impacts of atmospheric nutrient deposition on marine productivity: Roles of nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 25, GB2022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010gb003858, 2011.
Olson, D. B., Hitchcock, G. L., Fine, R. A., and Warren, B. A.: Maintenance of the low-oxygen layer in the central Arabian Sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 40, 673–685, https://doi.org/10.1016/0967-0645(93)90051-N, 1993.
Palastanga, V., Slomp, C. P., and Heinze, C.: Long-term controls on ocean phosphorus and oxygen in a global biogeochemical model, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 25, GB3024, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010gb003827, 2011.
Paropkari, A. L., Prakash Babu, C., and Mascarenhas, A.: A critical evaluation of depositional parameters controlling the variability of organic carbon in Arabian Sea sediments, Mar. Geol., 107, 213–220, https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(92)90168-H, 1992.
Passier, H. F., Luther III, G. W., and De Lange, G. J.: Early diagenesis and sulphur speciation in sediments of the Oman Margin, northwestern Arabian Sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 44, 1361–1380, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00014-3, 1997.
Paytan, A., Cade-Menun, B. J., McLaughlin, K., and Faul, K. L.: Selective phosphorus regeneration of sinking marine particles: evidence from 31P-NMR, Mar. Chem., 82, 55–70, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(03)00052-5, 2003.
Poulton, S. W., and Canfield, D. E.: Development of a sequential extraction procedure for iron: implications for iron partitioning in continentally derived particulates, Chem. Geol., 214, 209–221, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2004.09.003, 2005.
Prakash Babu, C., and Nath, B. N.: Processes controlling forms of phosphorus in surficial sediments from the eastern Arabian Sea impinged by varying bottom water oxygenation conditions, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 52, 1965–1980, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2005.06.004, 2005.
Raiswell, R. and Canfield, D. E.: Sources of iron for pyrite formation in marine sediments, Am. J. Sci., 298, 219–245, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.298.3.219, 1998.
Ramaswamy, V. and Nair, R.: Fluxes of material in the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal –- Sediment trap studies, J. Earth Syst. Sci., 103, 189–210, https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02839536, 1994.
Redfield, A. C.: The biological control of chemical factors in the environment, Am. Sci., 46, 205–222, 1958.
Reed, D. C., Slomp, C. P., and de Lange, G. J.: A quantitative reconstruction of organic matter and nutrient diagenesis in Mediterranean Sea sediments over the Holocene, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 75, 5540–5558, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2011.07.002, 2011a.
Reed, D. C., Slomp, C. P., and Gustafsson, B. G.: Sedimentary phosphorus dynamics and the evolution of bottom water hypoxia: a coupled benthic-pelagic model of a coastal system, Limnol. Oceanogr., 56, 1075–1092, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2011.56.3.1075, 2011b.
Reichart, G. J., Den Dulk, M., Visser, H. J., Van der Weijden, C. H., and Zachariasse, W. J.: A 225 kyr record of dust supply, paleoproductivity and the oxygen minimum zone from the Murray ridge (northern Arabian sea), Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 134, 149–169, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0031-0182(97)00071-0, 1997.
Rickard, D., and Luther, G. W.: Kinetics of pyrite formation by the H2S oxidation of iron(II) monosulfide in aqueous solutions between 25 and 125 degrees C: The mechanism, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 61, 135–147, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(96)00321-3, 1997.
Ruttenberg, K. C.: Development of a sequential extraction method for different forms of phosphorus in marine sediments, Limnol. Oceanogr., 37, 1460–1482, 1992.
Ruttenberg, K. C. and Berner, R. A.: Authigenic apatite formation and burial in sediments from non-upwelling, continental-margin environments, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 57, 991–1007, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(93)90035-U, 1993.
Schenau, S. J. and De Lange, G. J.: Phosphorus regeneration vs. burial in sediments of the Arabian Sea, Mar. Chem., 75, 201–217, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-4203(01)00037-8, 2001.
Schenau, S. J., Slomp, C. P., and De Lange, G. J.: Phosphogenesis and active phosphorite formation in sediments from the Arabian Sea oxygen minimum zone, Mar. Geol., 169, 1–20, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00083-9, 2000.
Schenau, S. J., Passier, H. F., Reichart, G. J., and de Lange, G. J.: Sedimentary pyrite formation in the Arabian Sea, Mar. Geol., 185, 393–402, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(02)00183-4, 2002.
Schenau, S. J., Reichart, G. J., and De Lange, G. J.: Phosphorus burial as a function of paleoproductivity, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 69, 919–931, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2004.05.044, 2005.
Sea-Bird Electronics Inc.: SBE 43 dissolved oxygen sensor, Application Note No. 64, 2011.
Slomp, C. P., Epping, E. H. G., Helder, W., and Van Raaphorst, W.: A key role for iron-bound phosphorus in authigenic apatite formation in North Atlantic continental platform sediments, J. Mar. Res., 54, 1179–1205, https://doi.org/10.1357/0022240963213745, 1996a.
Slomp, C. P., Van der Gaast, S. J., and Van Raaphorst, W.: Phosphorus binding by poorly crystalline iron oxides in North Sea sediments, Mar. Chem., 52, 55–73, https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4203(95)00078-X, 1996b.
Slomp, C. P., Thomson, J., and De Lange, G. J.: Enhanced regeneration of phosphorus during formation of the most recent eastern Mediterranean sapropel (S1), Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 66, 1171–1184, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-7037(01)00848-1, 2002.
Slomp, C. P. and Van Cappellen, P.: The global marine phosphorus cycle: sensitivity to oceanic circulation, Biogeosciences, 4, 155–171, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-4-155-2007, 2007.
Steenbergh, A. K., Bodelier, P. L. E., Hoogveld, H. L., Slomp, C. P., and Laanbroek, H. J.: Phosphatases relieve carbon limitation of microbial activity in Baltic Sea sediments along a redox-gradient, Limnol. Oceanogr., 56, 2018–2026, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.2011.56.6.2018, 2011.
Strickland, J. D. and Parsons, T. R.: A practical handbook of seawater analysis, Bull. Fish. Red. Bd. Can., 167, 1972.
Stuiver, M. and Reimer, P. J.: Extended C-14 data-base and revised Calib 3.0 C-14 age calibration program, Radiocarbon, 35, 215–230, 1993.
Suess, E.: Phosphate regeneration from sediments of the Peru continental margin by dissolution of fish debris, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 45, 577–588, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(81)90191-5, 1981.
Suthhof, A., Jennerjahn, T. C., Schäfer, P., and Ittekkot, V.: Nature of organic matter in surface sediments from the Pakistan continental margin and the deep Arabian Sea: amino acids, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 47, 329–351, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(99)00109-5, 2000.
Swallow, J. C.: Some aspects of the physical oceanography of the Indian Ocean, Deep-Sea Res., 31, 639–650, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(84)90032-3, 1984.
Tsandev, I., Reed, D. C., and Slomp, C. P.: Phosphorus diagenesis in deep-sea sediments: sensitivity to water column conditions and global scale implications, in review, Chem. Geol., 2010.
Turekian, K. K. and Wedepohl, K. H.: Distribution of the elements in some major units of the Earth's crust, Geol. Soc. Am. Bull., 72, 175–192, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1961)72[175:doteis]2.0.co;2, 1961.
Tyrrell, T.: The relative influences of nitrogen and phosphorus on oceanic primary production, Nature, 400, 525–531, https://doi.org/10.1038/22941, 1999.
Van Cappellen, P. and Berner, R. A.: A mathematical model for the early diagenesis of phosphorus and fluorine in marine sediments; apatite precipitation, Am. J. Sci., 288, 289–333, 1988.
Van der Weijden, C. H., Reichart, G. J., and Visser, H. J.: Enhanced preservation of organic matter in sediments deposited within the oxygen minimum zone in the northeastern Arabian Sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 46, 807–830, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0637(98)00093-4, 1999.
Van Santvoort, P. J. M., De Lange, G. J., Thomson, J., Colley, S., Meysman, F. J. R. and Slomp, C. P.: Oxidation and origin of organic matter in surficial Eastern Mediterranean hemipelagic sediments, Aquat. Geochem., 8, 153–175, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024271706896, 2002.
Wang, Y. and Van Cappellen, P.: A multicomponent reactive transport model of early diagenesis: Application to redox cycling in coastal marine sediments, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 60, 2993–3014, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(96)00140-8, 1996.
Westrich, J. T. and Berner, R. A.: The role of sedimentary organic-matter in bacterial sulfate reduction - The G model tested, Limnol. Oceanogr., 29, 236–249, https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1984.29.2.0236, 1984.
Woulds, C. and Cowie, G. L.: Sedimentary pigments on the Pakistan margin: Controlling factors and organic matter dynamics, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 56, 347–357, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.05.033, 2009.
Wyrtki, K.: Physical oceanography of the Indian Ocean, in: The biology of the Indian Ocean, edited by: Zeitschel, B., Ecological Studies, Springer Verlag, 18–36, 1973.
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint