Articles | Volume 7, issue 7
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-2203-2010
© Author(s) 2010. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-2203-2010
© Author(s) 2010. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License.
The emission factor of volatile isoprenoids: stress, acclimation, and developmental responses
Ü. Niinemets
Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 1, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
A. Arneth
Division of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Analysis, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, Lund, 22362, Sweden
U. Kuhn
Federal Research Station Agroscope Reckenholz-Taenikon, ART, Zuerich, Switzerland
R. K. Monson
Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309-0334, USA
J. Peñuelas
Global Ecology Unit CSIC-CEAB-CREAF, Facultat de Ciències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193, Spain
M. Staudt
Centre d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE-CNRS), 1919 Route de Mende, Montpellier cedex 5, 34293, France
Related subject area
Biogeochemistry: Air - Land Exchange
Tropical cyclones facilitate recovery of forest leaf area from dry spells in East Asia
Minor contributions of daytime monoterpenes are major contributors to atmospheric reactivity
Using atmospheric observations to quantify annual biogenic carbon dioxide fluxes on the Alaska North Slope
Forest–atmosphere exchange of reactive nitrogen in a remote region – Part II: Modeling annual budgets
Growth and actual leaf temperature modulate CO2 responsiveness of monoterpene emissions from holm oak in opposite ways
Multi-year observations reveal a larger than expected autumn respiration signal across northeast Eurasia
Reviews and syntheses: VOC emissions from soil cover in boreal and temperate natural ecosystems of the Northern Hemisphere
Internal tree cycling and atmospheric archiving of mercury: examination with concentration and stable isotope analyses
Contrasting drought legacy effects on gross primary productivity in a mixed versus pure beech forest
CO2 and CH4 exchanges between moist moss tundra and atmosphere on Kapp Linné, Svalbard
Recent extreme drought events in the Amazon rainforest: assessment of different precipitation and evapotranspiration datasets and drought indicators
Variability and uncertainty in flux-site-scale net ecosystem exchange simulations based on machine learning and remote sensing: a systematic evaluation
Atmospheric Deposition of Reactive Nitrogen to a Deciduous Forest in the Southern Appalachian Mountains
Update of a biogeochemical model with process-based algorithms to predict ammonia volatilization from fertilized cultivated uplands and rice paddy fields
Massive warming-induced carbon loss from subalpine grassland soils in an altitudinal transplantation experiment
Climatic variation drives loss and restructuring of carbon and nitrogen in boreal forest wildfire
Gaps in network infrastructure limit our understanding of biogenic methane emissions for the United States
Changes of the aerodynamic characteristics of a flux site after an extensive windthrow
Carbon sequestration potential of street tree plantings in Helsinki
Technical note: Incorporating expert domain knowledge into causal structure discovery workflows
Sensitivity of biomass burning emissions estimates to land surface information
A convolutional neural network for spatial downscaling of satellite-based solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIFnet)
Influence of plant ecophysiology on ozone dry deposition: comparing between multiplicative and photosynthesis-based dry deposition schemes and their responses to rising CO2 level
Modeling the interinfluence of fertilizer-induced NH3 emission, nitrogen deposition, and aerosol radiative effects using modified CESM2
Physiological and climate controls on foliar mercury uptake by European tree species
Radiation, soil water content, and temperature effects on carbon cycling in an alpine swamp meadow of the northeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau
Representativeness assessment of the pan-Arctic eddy covariance site network and optimized future enhancements
Forest–atmosphere exchange of reactive nitrogen in a remote region – Part I: Measuring temporal dynamics
Ideas and perspectives: Emerging contours of a dynamic exogenous kerogen cycle
Versatile soil gas concentration and isotope monitoring: optimization and integration of novel soil gas probes with online trace gas detection
On the impact of canopy model complexity on simulated carbon, water, and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence fluxes
Mercury accumulation in leaves of different plant types – the significance of tissue age and specific leaf area
Isolation of subpollen particles (SPPs) of birch: SPPs are potential carriers of ice nucleating macromolecules
Choosing an optimal β factor for relaxed eddy accumulation applications across vegetated and non-vegetated surfaces
Bioaerosols in the Amazon rain forest: temporal variations and vertical profiles of Eukarya, Bacteria, and Archaea
Ice nucleation by viruses and their potential for cloud glaciation
Carbon dioxide fluxes and carbon balance of an agricultural grassland in southern Finland
Sun-induced fluorescence and near-infrared reflectance of vegetation track the seasonal dynamics of gross primary production over Africa
Measurement and modelling of the dynamics of NH3 surface–atmosphere exchange over the Amazonian rainforest
Isoprene and monoterpene emissions from alder, aspen and spruce short-rotation forest plantations in the United Kingdom
Winter atmospheric nutrient and pollutant deposition on Western Sayan Mountain lakes (Siberia)
Methane efflux from an American bison herd
Technical note: Inexpensive modification of Exetainers for the reliable storage of trace-level hydrogen and carbon monoxide gas samples
A climate-dependent global model of ammonia emissions from chicken farming
Calculating canopy stomatal conductance from eddy covariance measurements, in light of the energy budget closure problem
Decoupling of a Douglas fir canopy: a look into the subcanopy with continuous vertical temperature profiles
Variations in diurnal and seasonal net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange in a semiarid sandy grassland ecosystem in China's Horqin Sandy Land
Biogenic volatile organic compound ambient mixing ratios and emission rates in the Alaskan Arctic tundra
Surfaces of silver birch (Betula pendula) are sources of biological ice nuclei: in vivo and in situ investigations
Ideas and perspectives: enhancing the impact of the FLUXNET network of eddy covariance sites
Yi-Ying Chen and Sebastiaan Luyssaert
Biogeosciences, 20, 349–363, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-349-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-349-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Tropical cyclones are typically assumed to be associated with ecosystem damage. This study challenges this assumption and suggests that instead of reducing leaf area, cyclones in East Asia may increase leaf area by alleviating water stress.
Deborah F. McGlynn, Graham Frazier, Laura E. R. Barry, Manuel T. Lerdau, Sally E. Pusede, and Gabriel Isaacman-VanWertz
Biogeosciences, 20, 45–55, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-45-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-45-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Using a custom-made gas chromatography flame ionization detector, 2 years of speciated hourly biogenic volatile organic compound data were collected in a forest in central Virginia. We identify diurnal and seasonal variability in the data, which is shown to impact atmospheric oxidant budgets. A comparison with emission models identified discrepancies with implications for model outcomes. We suggest increased monitoring of speciated biogenic volatile organic compounds to improve modeled results.
Luke D. Schiferl, Jennifer D. Watts, Erik J. L. Larson, Kyle A. Arndt, Sébastien C. Biraud, Eugénie S. Euskirchen, Jordan P. Goodrich, John M. Henderson, Aram Kalhori, Kathryn McKain, Marikate E. Mountain, J. William Munger, Walter C. Oechel, Colm Sweeney, Yonghong Yi, Donatella Zona, and Róisín Commane
Biogeosciences, 19, 5953–5972, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5953-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5953-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
As the Arctic rapidly warms, vast stores of thawing permafrost could release carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere. We combined observations of atmospheric CO2 concentrations from aircraft and a tower with observed CO2 fluxes from tundra ecosystems and found that the Alaskan North Slope in not a consistent source nor sink of CO2. Our study shows the importance of using both site-level and atmospheric measurements to constrain regional net CO2 fluxes and improve biogenic processes in models.
Pascal Wintjen, Frederik Schrader, Martijn Schaap, Burkhard Beudert, Richard Kranenburg, and Christian Brümmer
Biogeosciences, 19, 5287–5311, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5287-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5287-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
For the first time, we compared four methods for estimating the annual dry deposition of total reactive nitrogen into a low-polluted forest ecosystem. In our analysis, we used 2.5 years of flux measurements, an in situ modeling approach, a large-scale chemical transport model (CTM), and canopy budget models. Annual nitrogen dry deposition budgets ranged between 4.3 and 6.7 kg N ha−1 a−1, depending on the applied method.
Michael Staudt, Juliane Daussy, Joseph Ingabire, and Nafissa Dehimeche
Biogeosciences, 19, 4945–4963, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4945-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4945-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We studied the short- and long-term effects of CO2 as a function of temperature on monoterpene emissions from holm oak. Similarly to isoprene, emissions decreased non-linearly with increasing CO2, with no differences among compounds and chemotypes. The CO2 response was modulated by actual leaf and growth temperature but not by growth CO2. Estimates of annual monoterpene release under double CO2 suggest that CO2 inhibition does not offset the increase in emissions due to expected warming.
Brendan Byrne, Junjie Liu, Yonghong Yi, Abhishek Chatterjee, Sourish Basu, Rui Cheng, Russell Doughty, Frédéric Chevallier, Kevin W. Bowman, Nicholas C. Parazoo, David Crisp, Xing Li, Jingfeng Xiao, Stephen Sitch, Bertrand Guenet, Feng Deng, Matthew S. Johnson, Sajeev Philip, Patrick C. McGuire, and Charles E. Miller
Biogeosciences, 19, 4779–4799, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4779-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4779-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Plants draw CO2 from the atmosphere during the growing season, while respiration releases CO2 to the atmosphere throughout the year, driving seasonal variations in atmospheric CO2 that can be observed by satellites, such as the Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 (OCO-2). Using OCO-2 XCO2 data and space-based constraints on plant growth, we show that permafrost-rich northeast Eurasia has a strong seasonal release of CO2 during the autumn, hinting at an unexpectedly large respiration signal from soils.
Valery A. Isidorov and Andrej A. Zaitsev
Biogeosciences, 19, 4715–4746, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4715-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4715-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a critical role in earth-system processes: they are
main playersin the formation of tropospheric O3 and secondary aerosols, which have a significant impact on climate, human health and crops. A complex mixture of VOCs, formed as a result of physicochemical and biological processes, is released into the atmosphere from the forest floor. This review presents data on the composition of VOCs and contribution of various processes to their emissions.
David S. McLagan, Harald Biester, Tomas Navrátil, Stephan M. Kraemer, and Lorenz Schwab
Biogeosciences, 19, 4415–4429, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4415-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4415-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Spruce and larch trees are effective archiving species for historical atmospheric mercury using growth rings of bole wood. Mercury stable isotope analysis proved an effective tool to characterise industrial mercury signals and assess mercury uptake pathways (leaf uptake for both wood and bark) and mercury cycling within the trees. These data detail important information for understanding the mercury biogeochemical cycle particularly in forest systems.
Xin Yu, René Orth, Markus Reichstein, Michael Bahn, Anne Klosterhalfen, Alexander Knohl, Franziska Koebsch, Mirco Migliavacca, Martina Mund, Jacob A. Nelson, Benjamin D. Stocker, Sophia Walther, and Ana Bastos
Biogeosciences, 19, 4315–4329, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4315-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-4315-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Identifying drought legacy effects is challenging because they are superimposed on variability driven by climate conditions in the recovery period. We develop a residual-based approach to quantify legacies on gross primary productivity (GPP) from eddy covariance data. The GPP reduction due to legacy effects is comparable to the concurrent effects at two sites in Germany, which reveals the importance of legacy effects. Our novel methodology can be used to quantify drought legacies elsewhere.
Anders Lindroth, Norbert Pirk, Ingibjörg S. Jónsdóttir, Christian Stiegler, Leif Klemedtsson, and Mats B. Nilsson
Biogeosciences, 19, 3921–3934, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3921-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3921-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We measured the fluxes of carbon dioxide and methane between a moist moss tundra and the atmosphere on Svalbard in order to better understand how such ecosystems are affecting the climate and vice versa. We found that the system was a small sink of carbon dioxide and a small source of methane. These fluxes are small in comparison with other tundra ecosystems in the high Arctic. Analysis of temperature sensitivity showed that respiration was more sensitive than photosynthesis above about 6 ℃.
Phillip Papastefanou, Christian S. Zang, Zlatan Angelov, Aline Anderson de Castro, Juan Carlos Jimenez, Luiz Felipe Campos De Rezende, Romina C. Ruscica, Boris Sakschewski, Anna A. Sörensson, Kirsten Thonicke, Carolina Vera, Nicolas Viovy, Celso Von Randow, and Anja Rammig
Biogeosciences, 19, 3843–3861, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3843-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3843-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The Amazon rainforest has been hit by multiple severe drought events. In this study, we assess the severity and spatial extent of the extreme drought years 2005, 2010 and 2015/16 in the Amazon. Using nine different precipitation datasets and three drought indicators we find large differences in drought stress across the Amazon region. We conclude that future studies should use multiple rainfall datasets and drought indicators when estimating the impact of drought stress in the Amazon region.
Haiyang Shi, Geping Luo, Olaf Hellwich, Mingjuan Xie, Chen Zhang, Yu Zhang, Yuangang Wang, Xiuliang Yuan, Xiaofei Ma, Wenqiang Zhang, Alishir Kurban, Philippe De Maeyer, and Tim Van de Voorde
Biogeosciences, 19, 3739–3756, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3739-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3739-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A number of studies have been conducted by using machine learning approaches to simulate carbon fluxes. We performed a meta-analysis of these net ecosystem exchange (NEE) simulations. Random forests and support vector machines performed better than other algorithms. Models with larger timescales had a lower accuracy. For different plant functional types (PFTs), there were significant differences in the predictors used and their effects on model accuracy.
John Thomas Walker, Xi Chen, Zhiyong Wu, Donna Schwede, Ryan Daly, Aleksandra Djurkovic, A. Christopher Oishi, Eric Edgerton, Jesse Bash, Jennifer Knoepp, Melissa Puchalski, John Iiames, and Chelcy Ford Miniat
Biogeosciences Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2022-133, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-2022-133, 2022
Revised manuscript accepted for BG
Short summary
Short summary
Better estimates of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition are needed to accurately assess ecosystem risk and impacts from deposition of nutrients and acidity. Using measurements and modeling, we estimate total N deposition is 6.6 kg N ha-1 yr-1 at a forest site in the southern Appalachian Mountains, a region sensitive to atmospheric deposition. Reductions in deposition of reduced forms of N (ammonia and ammonium) will be needed to meet the lowest estimates of N critical loads for the region.
Siqi Li, Wei Zhang, Xunhua Zheng, Yong Li, Shenghui Han, Rui Wang, Kai Wang, Zhisheng Yao, Chunyan Liu, and Chong Zhang
Biogeosciences, 19, 3001–3019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3001-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3001-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The CNMM–DNDC model was modified to simulate ammonia volatilization (AV) from croplands. AV from cultivated uplands followed the first-order kinetics, which was jointly regulated by the factors of soil properties and meteorological conditions. AV simulation from rice paddy fields was improved by incorporating Jayaweera–Mikkelsen mechanisms. The modified model performed well in simulating the observed cumulative AV measured from 63 fertilization events in China.
Matthias Volk, Matthias Suter, Anne-Lena Wahl, and Seraina Bassin
Biogeosciences, 19, 2921–2937, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2921-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2921-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Because soils are an important sink for greenhouse gasses, we subjected sub-alpine grassland to a six-level climate change treatment.
Two independent methods showed that at warming > 1.5 °C the grassland ecosystem lost ca. 14 % or ca. 1 kg C m−2 in 5 years.
This shrinking of the terrestrial C sink implies a substantial positive feedback to the atmospheric greenhouse effect.
It is likely that this dramatic C loss is a transient effect before a new, climate-adjusted steady state is reached.
Johan A. Eckdahl, Jeppe A. Kristensen, and Daniel B. Metcalfe
Biogeosciences, 19, 2487–2506, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2487-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2487-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study found climate to be a driving force for increasing per area emissions of greenhouse gases and removal of important nutrients from high-latitude forests due to wildfire. It used detailed direct measurements over a large area to uncover patterns and mechanisms of restructuring of forest carbon and nitrogen pools that are extrapolatable to larger regions. It also takes a step forward in filling gaps in global knowledge of northern forest response to climate-change-strengthened wildfires.
Sparkle L. Malone, Youmi Oh, Kyle A. Arndt, George Burba, Roisin Commane, Alexandra R. Contosta, Jordan P. Goodrich, Henry W. Loescher, Gregory Starr, and Ruth K. Varner
Biogeosciences, 19, 2507–2522, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2507-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2507-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
To understand the CH4 flux potential of natural ecosystems and agricultural lands in the United States of America, a multi-scale CH4 observation network focused on CH4 flux rates, processes, and scaling methods is required. This can be achieved with a network of ground-based observations that are distributed based on climatic regions and land cover.
Bruna R. F. Oliveira, Jan J. Keizer, and Thomas Foken
Biogeosciences, 19, 2235–2243, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2235-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2235-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study analyzes the impacts of this windthrow on the aerodynamic characteristics of zero-plane displacement and roughness length and, ultimately, their implications for the turbulent fluxes. The turbulent fluxes were only affected to a minor degree by the windthrow, but the footprint area of the flux tower changed markedly so that the target area of the measurements had to be redetermined.
Minttu Havu, Liisa Kulmala, Pasi Kolari, Timo Vesala, Anu Riikonen, and Leena Järvi
Biogeosciences, 19, 2121–2143, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2121-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2121-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
The carbon sequestration potential of two street tree species and the soil beneath them was quantified with the urban land surface model SUEWS and the soil carbon model Yasso. The street tree plantings turned into a modest sink of carbon from the atmosphere after 14 years. Overall, the results indicate the importance of soil in urban carbon sequestration estimations, as soil respiration exceeded the carbon uptake in the early phase, due to the high initial carbon loss from the soil.
Jarmo Mäkelä, Laila Melkas, Ivan Mammarella, Tuomo Nieminen, Suyog Chandramouli, Rafael Savvides, and Kai Puolamäki
Biogeosciences, 19, 2095–2099, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2095-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2095-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Causal structure discovery algorithms have been making headway into Earth system sciences, and they can be used to increase our understanding on biosphere–atmosphere interactions. In this paper we present a procedure on how to utilize prior knowledge of the domain experts together with these algorithms in order to find more robust causal structure models. We also demonstrate how to avoid pitfalls such as over-fitting and concept drift during this process.
Makoto Saito, Tomohiro Shiraishi, Ryuichi Hirata, Yosuke Niwa, Kazuyuki Saito, Martin Steinbacher, Doug Worthy, and Tsuneo Matsunaga
Biogeosciences, 19, 2059–2078, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2059-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2059-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study tested combinations of two sources of AGB data and two sources of LCC data and used the same burned area satellite data to estimate BB CO emissions. Our analysis showed large discrepancies in annual mean CO emissions and explicit differences in the simulated CO concentrations among the BB emissions estimates. This study has confirmed that BB emissions estimates are sensitive to the land surface information on which they are based.
Johannes Gensheimer, Alexander J. Turner, Philipp Köhler, Christian Frankenberg, and Jia Chen
Biogeosciences, 19, 1777–1793, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1777-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1777-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We develop a convolutional neural network, named SIFnet, that increases the spatial resolution of SIF from TROPOMI by a factor of 10 to a spatial resolution of 0.005°. SIFnet utilizes coarse SIF observations, together with a broad range of high-resolution auxiliary data. The insights gained from interpretable machine learning techniques allow us to make quantitative claims about the relationships between SIF and other common parameters related to photosynthesis.
Shihan Sun, Amos P. K. Tai, David H. Y. Yung, Anthony Y. H. Wong, Jason A. Ducker, and Christopher D. Holmes
Biogeosciences, 19, 1753–1776, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1753-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1753-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We developed and used a terrestrial biosphere model to compare and evaluate widely used empirical dry deposition schemes with different stomatal approaches and found that using photosynthesis-based stomatal approaches can reduce biases in modeled dry deposition velocities in current chemical transport models. Our study shows systematic errors in current dry deposition schemes and the importance of representing plant ecophysiological processes in models under a changing climate.
Ka Ming Fung, Maria Val Martin, and Amos P. K. Tai
Biogeosciences, 19, 1635–1655, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1635-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1635-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fertilizer-induced ammonia detrimentally affects the environment by not only directly damaging ecosystems but also indirectly altering climate and soil fertility. To quantify these secondary impacts, we enabled CESM to simulate ammonia emission, chemical evolution, and deposition as a continuous cycle. If synthetic fertilizer use is to soar by 30 % from today's level, we showed that the counteracting impacts will increase the global ammonia emission by 3.3 Tg N per year.
Lena Wohlgemuth, Pasi Rautio, Bernd Ahrends, Alexander Russ, Lars Vesterdal, Peter Waldner, Volkmar Timmermann, Nadine Eickenscheidt, Alfred Fürst, Martin Greve, Peter Roskams, Anne Thimonier, Manuel Nicolas, Anna Kowalska, Morten Ingerslev, Päivi Merilä, Sue Benham, Carmen Iacoban, Günter Hoch, Christine Alewell, and Martin Jiskra
Biogeosciences, 19, 1335–1353, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1335-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1335-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Gaseous mercury is present in the atmosphere all over the globe. During the growing season, plants take up mercury from the air in a similar way as CO2. We investigated which factors impact this vegetational mercury uptake by analyzing a large dataset of leaf mercury uptake rates of trees in Europe. As a result, we conclude that mercury uptake is foremost controlled by tree-intrinsic traits like physiological activity but also by climatic factors like dry conditions in the air and in soils.
Junqi Wei, Xiaoyan Li, Lei Liu, Torben Røjle Christensen, Zhiyun Jiang, Yujun Ma, Xiuchen Wu, Hongyun Yao, and Efrén López-Blanco
Biogeosciences, 19, 861–875, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-861-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-861-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Although water availability has been linked to the response of ecosystem carbon (C) sink–source to climate warming, the mechanisms by which C uptake responds to soil moisture remain unclear. We explored how soil water and other environmental drivers modulate net C uptake in an alpine swamp meadow. Results reveal that nearly saturated soil conditions during warm seasons can help to maintain lower ecosystem respiration and therefore enhance the C sequestration capacity in this alpine swamp meadow.
Martijn M. T. A. Pallandt, Jitendra Kumar, Marguerite Mauritz, Edward A. G. Schuur, Anna-Maria Virkkala, Gerardo Celis, Forrest M. Hoffman, and Mathias Göckede
Biogeosciences, 19, 559–583, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-559-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-559-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Thawing of Arctic permafrost soils could trigger the release of vast amounts of carbon to the atmosphere, thus enhancing climate change. Our study investigated how well the current network of eddy covariance sites to monitor greenhouse gas exchange at local scales captures pan-Arctic flux patterns. We identified large coverage gaps, e.g., in Siberia, but also demonstrated that a targeted addition of relatively few sites can significantly improve network performance.
Pascal Wintjen, Frederik Schrader, Martijn Schaap, Burkhard Beudert, and Christian Brümmer
Biogeosciences, 19, 389–413, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-389-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-389-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Fluxes of total reactive nitrogen (∑Nr) over a low polluted forest were analyzed with regard to their temporal dynamics. Mostly deposition was observed with median fluxes ranging from −15 to −5 ng N m−2 s−1, corresponding to a range of deposition velocities from 0.2 to 0.5 cm s−1. While seasonally changing contributions of NH3 and NOx to the ∑Nr signal were found, we estimate an annual total N deposition (dry+wet) of 12.2 and 10.9 kg N ha−1 a−1 in the 2 years of observation.
Thomas M. Blattmann
Biogeosciences, 19, 359–373, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-359-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-359-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This work enunciates the possibility of kerogen oxidation contributing to atmospheric CO2 increase in the wake of glacial episodes. This hypothesis is substantiated by several lines of independent evidence synthesized in this contribution. The author hypothesizes that the deglaciation of kerogen-rich lithologies in western Canada contributed to the characteristic deglacial increase in atmospheric CO2.
Juliana Gil-Loaiza, Joseph R. Roscioli, Joanne H. Shorter, Till H. M. Volkmann, Wei-Ren Ng, Jordan E. Krechmer, and Laura K. Meredith
Biogeosciences, 19, 165–185, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-165-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-165-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We evaluated a new diffusive soil probe integrated with high-resolution gas analyzers to measure soil gases in real time at a centimeter scale. Using columns with simple silica and soil, we captured changes in carbon dioxide (CO2), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and nitrous oxide (N2O) with its isotopes to distinguish potential nutrient sources and microbial metabolism. This approach will advance the use of soil gases as important signals to understand and monitor soil fertility and health.
Yujie Wang and Christian Frankenberg
Biogeosciences, 19, 29–45, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-29-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-29-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Modeling vegetation canopy is important in predicting whether the land remains a carbon sink to mitigate climate change in the near future. Vegetation canopy model complexity, however, impacts the model-predicted carbon and water fluxes as well as canopy fluorescence, even if the same suite of model inputs is used. Given the biases caused by canopy model complexity, we recommend not misusing parameters inverted using different models or assumptions.
Håkan Pleijel, Jenny Klingberg, Michelle Nerentorp, Malin C. Broberg, Brigitte Nyirambangutse, John Munthe, and Göran Wallin
Biogeosciences, 18, 6313–6328, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6313-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6313-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Mercury is a problematic metal in the environment. It is crucial to understand the Hg circulation in ecosystems. We explored the mercury concentration in foliage from a diverse set of plants, locations and sampling periods to study the accumulation of Hg in leaves–needles over time. Mercury was always higher in older tissue: in broadleaved trees, conifers and wheat. Specific leaf area, the leaf area per unit leaf mass, turned out to be critical for Hg accumulation in leaves–needles.
Julia Burkart, Jürgen Gratzl, Teresa M. Seifried, Paul Bieber, and Hinrich Grothe
Biogeosciences, 18, 5751–5765, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5751-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5751-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Extracts of birch pollen grains are known to be ice nucleation active and thus impact cloud formation and climate. In this study we develop an extraction method to separate subpollen particles from ice nucleating macromolecules. Our results thereby illustrate that ice nucleating macromolecules can be washed off the subpollen particles and that the ice activity is linked to the presence of proteins.
Teresa Vogl, Amy Hrdina, and Christoph K. Thomas
Biogeosciences, 18, 5097–5115, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5097-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5097-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The relaxed eddy accumulation technique is a method used for measuring fluxes of chemical species in the atmosphere. It relies on a proportionality factor, β, which can be determined using different methods. Also, different techniques for sampling can be used by only drawing air into the measurement system when vertical wind velocity exceeds a certain threshold. We compare different ways to obtain β and different threshold techniques to direct flux measurements for three different sites.
Maria Prass, Meinrat O. Andreae, Alessandro C. de Araùjo, Paulo Artaxo, Florian Ditas, Wolfgang Elbert, Jan-David Förster, Marco Aurélio Franco, Isabella Hrabe de Angelis, Jürgen Kesselmeier, Thomas Klimach, Leslie Ann Kremper, Eckhard Thines, David Walter, Jens Weber, Bettina Weber, Bernhard M. Fuchs, Ulrich Pöschl, and Christopher Pöhlker
Biogeosciences, 18, 4873–4887, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4873-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4873-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Bioaerosols in the atmosphere over the Amazon rain forest were analyzed by molecular biological staining and microscopy. Eukaryotic, bacterial, and archaeal aerosols were quantified in time series and altitude profiles which exhibited clear differences in number concentrations and vertical distributions. Our results provide insights into the sources and dispersion of different Amazonian bioaerosol types as a basis for a better understanding of biosphere–atmosphere interactions.
Michael P. Adams, Nina S. Atanasova, Svetlana Sofieva, Janne Ravantti, Aino Heikkinen, Zoé Brasseur, Jonathan Duplissy, Dennis H. Bamford, and Benjamin J. Murray
Biogeosciences, 18, 4431–4444, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4431-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-4431-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The formation of ice in clouds is critically important for the planet's climate. Hence, we need to know which aerosol types nucleate ice and how effectively they do so. Here we show that virus particles, with a range of architectures, nucleate ice when immersed in supercooled water. However, we also show that they only make a minor contribution to the ice-nucleating particle population in the terrestrial atmosphere, but we cannot rule them out as being important in the marine environment.
Laura Heimsch, Annalea Lohila, Juha-Pekka Tuovinen, Henriikka Vekuri, Jussi Heinonsalo, Olli Nevalainen, Mika Korkiakoski, Jari Liski, Tuomas Laurila, and Liisa Kulmala
Biogeosciences, 18, 3467–3483, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3467-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3467-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
CO2 and H2O fluxes were measured at a newly established eddy covariance site in southern Finland for 2 years from 2018 to 2020. This agricultural grassland site focuses on the conversion from intensive towards more sustainable agricultural management. The first summer experienced prolonged dry periods, and notably larger fluxes were observed in the second summer. The field acted as a net carbon sink during both study years.
Anteneh Getachew Mengistu, Gizaw Mengistu Tsidu, Gerbrand Koren, Maurits L. Kooreman, K. Folkert Boersma, Torbern Tagesson, Jonas Ardö, Yann Nouvellon, and Wouter Peters
Biogeosciences, 18, 2843–2857, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2843-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2843-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
In this study, we assess the usefulness of Sun-Induced Fluorescence of Terrestrial Ecosystems Retrieval (SIFTER) data from the GOME-2A instrument and near-infrared reflectance of vegetation (NIRv) from MODIS to capture the seasonality and magnitudes of gross primary production (GPP) derived from six eddy-covariance flux towers in Africa in the overlap years between 2007–2014. We also test the robustness of sun-induced fluoresence and NIRv to compare the seasonality of GPP for the major biomes.
Robbie Ramsay, Chiara F. Di Marco, Mathew R. Heal, Matthias Sörgel, Paulo Artaxo, Meinrat O. Andreae, and Eiko Nemitz
Biogeosciences, 18, 2809–2825, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2809-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2809-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The exchange of the gas ammonia between the atmosphere and the surface is an important biogeochemical process, but little is known of this exchange for certain ecosystems, such as the Amazon rainforest. This study took measurements of ammonia exchange over an Amazon rainforest site and subsequently modelled the observed deposition and emission patterns. We observed emissions of ammonia from the rainforest, which can be simulated accurately by using a canopy resistance modelling approach.
Gemma Purser, Julia Drewer, Mathew R. Heal, Robert A. S. Sircus, Lara K. Dunn, and James I. L. Morison
Biogeosciences, 18, 2487–2510, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2487-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2487-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Short-rotation forest plantations could help reduce greenhouse gases but can emit biogenic volatile organic compounds. Emissions were measured at a plantation trial in Scotland. Standardised emissions of isoprene from foliage were higher from hybrid aspen than from Sitka spruce and low from Italian alder. Emissions of total monoterpene were lower. The forest floor was only a small source. Model estimates suggest an SRF expansion of 0.7 Mha could increase total UK emissions between < 1 %–35 %.
Daniel Diaz-de-Quijano, Aleksander Vladimirovich Ageev, Elena Anatolevna Ivanova, and Olesia Valerevna Anishchenko
Biogeosciences, 18, 1601–1618, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1601-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1601-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Winter atmospheric nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) depositions were measured for the first time in the Western Sayan Mountains (Siberia). The low and very low atmospheric N and P depositions could be responsible for the observed lake phytoplankton N–P colimitation. We hypothesize that slight imbalances in the nutrient deposition, as expected in the context of global change (climate, forest fires and anthropogenic nitrogen emissions), could have important effects on the ecology of these lakes.
Paul C. Stoy, Adam A. Cook, John E. Dore, Natascha Kljun, William Kleindl, E. N. Jack Brookshire, and Tobias Gerken
Biogeosciences, 18, 961–975, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-961-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-961-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
The reintroduction of American bison creates multiple environmental benefits. Ruminants like bison also emit methane – a potent greenhouse gas – to the atmosphere, which has not been measured to date in a field setting. We measured methane efflux from an American bison herd during winter using eddy covariance. Automated cameras were used to approximate their location to calculate per-animal flux. From the measurements, bison do not emit more methane than the cattle they often replace.
Philipp A. Nauer, Eleonora Chiri, Thanavit Jirapanjawat, Chris Greening, and Perran L. M. Cook
Biogeosciences, 18, 729–737, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-729-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-729-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) are atmospheric trace gases cycled via microbial metabolisms. We observed strong H2 and CO contamination from rubber septa used to seal common gas sample storage vials. Here we propose a simple and inexpensive modification of such vials to allow reliable storage of H2, CO and methane trace-gas samples for timescales of weeks to months, thus enabling extensive field campaigns to investigate H2 and CO biogeochemistry in remote areas.
Jize Jiang, David S. Stevenson, Aimable Uwizeye, Giuseppe Tempio, and Mark A. Sutton
Biogeosciences, 18, 135–158, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-135-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-135-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Ammonia is a key water and air pollutant and impacts human health and climate change. Ammonia emissions mainly originate from agriculture. We find that chicken agriculture contributes to large ammonia emissions, especially in hot and wet regions. These emissions can be greatly affected by the local environment, i.e. temperature and humidity, and also by human management. We develop a model that suggests ammonia emissions from chicken farming are likely to increase under a warming climate.
Richard Wehr and Scott R. Saleska
Biogeosciences, 18, 13–24, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-13-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-13-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Water and carbon exchange between plants and the atmosphere is governed by stomata: adjustable pores in the surfaces of leaves. The combined gas conductance of all the stomata in a canopy has long been estimated using an equation that is shown here to be systematically incorrect because it relies on measurements that are generally inadequate. An alternative approach is shown to be more accurate in all probable scenarios and to imply different responses of stomatal conductance to the environment.
Bart Schilperoort, Miriam Coenders-Gerrits, César Jiménez Rodríguez, Christiaan van der Tol, Bas van de Wiel, and Hubert Savenije
Biogeosciences, 17, 6423–6439, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6423-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6423-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
With distributed temperature sensing (DTS) we measured a vertical temperature profile in a forest, from the forest floor to above the treetops. Using this temperature profile we can see which parts of the forest canopy are colder (thus more dense) or warmer (and less dense) and study the effect this has on the suppression of turbulent mixing. This can be used to improve our knowledge of the interaction between the atmosphere and forests and improve carbon dioxide flux measurements over forests.
Yayi Niu, Yuqiang Li, Hanbo Yun, Xuyang Wang, Xiangwen Gong, Yulong Duan, and Jing Liu
Biogeosciences, 17, 6309–6326, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6309-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6309-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We report the results from continuous year-round CO2 observations from a sandy grassland in the Horqin Sandy Land using the eddy covariance technique. To quantify the diurnal, seasonal, and annual variation in net ecosystem CO2 exchange, gross primary productivity, and ecosystem respiration and to identify the different scales of environmental factors and the underlying mechanisms, we also explored how the annual precipitation affects the net ecosystem CO2 exchange and its components.
Hélène Angot, Katelyn McErlean, Lu Hu, Dylan B. Millet, Jacques Hueber, Kaixin Cui, Jacob Moss, Catherine Wielgasz, Tyler Milligan, Damien Ketcherside, M. Syndonia Bret-Harte, and Detlev Helmig
Biogeosciences, 17, 6219–6236, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6219-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-6219-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We report biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) ambient levels and emission rates from key vegetation species in the Alaskan arctic tundra, providing a new data set to further constrain isoprene chemistry under low NOx conditions in models. We add to the growing body of evidence that climate-induced changes in the vegetation composition will significantly affect the BVOC emission potential of the tundra, with implications for atmospheric oxidation processes and climate feedbacks.
Teresa M. Seifried, Paul Bieber, Laura Felgitsch, Julian Vlasich, Florian Reyzek, David G. Schmale III, and Hinrich Grothe
Biogeosciences, 17, 5655–5667, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5655-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5655-2020, 2020
Dario Papale
Biogeosciences, 17, 5587–5598, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5587-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-5587-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
FLUXNET is a large, bottom-up, self-coordinated network of sites. It provided ecosystem–atmosphere greenhouse gas fluxes from stations around the world that were used as bases for a large number of publications and studies. Today many applications require recent updates on the data to track more closely the ecosystem responses to climate change and link ground data with satellite programs. For this reason, a new organization of FLUXNET is needed, keeping as its target the FAIR principles.
Cited articles
Anderson, L. J., Harley, P. C., Monson, R. K., and Jackson, R. B.: Reduction of isoprene emissions from live oak (Quercus fusiformis) with oak wilt, Tree Physiol., 20, 1199–1203, 2000.
Arneth, A., Miller, P. A., Scholze, M., Hickler, T., Schurgers, G., Smith, B., and Prentice, I. C.: CO2 inhibition of global terrestrial isoprene emissions: potential implications for atmospheric chemistry, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L18813, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030615, 2007a.
Arneth, A., Niinemets, Ü., Pressley, S., Bäck, J., Hari, P., Karl, T., Noe, S., Prentice, I. C., Serça, D., Hickler, T., Wolf, A., and Smith, B.: Process-based estimates of terrestrial ecosystem isoprene emissions: incorporating the effects of a direct CO2-isoprene interaction, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 7, 31–53, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-7-31-2007, 2007b.
Arneth, A., Schurgers, G., Hickler, T., and Miller, P. A.: Effects of species composition, land surface cover, CO2 concentration and climate on isoprene emissions from European forests, Plant Biol., 10, 150–152, 2008.
Arneth, A. and Niinemets, Ü.: Induced BVOCs: how to bug our models?, Trends Plant Sci., 15, 118–125, 2010.
Asner, G. P., Wessman, C. A., and Archer, S.: Scale dependence of absorption of photosynthetically active radiation in terrestrial ecosystems, Ecol. Appl., 8, 1003–1021, 1998.
Augsburger, C. K. and Bartlett, E. A.: Differences in leaf phenology between juvenile and adult trees in a temperate deciduous forest, Tree Physiol., 23, 517–525, 2003.
Baldocchi, D. D., Wilson, K. B., and Gu, L.: How the environment, canopy structure and canopy physiological functioning influence carbon, water and energy fluxes of a temperate broad-leaved deciduous forest – an assessment with the biophysical model CANOAK, Tree Physiol., 22, 1065–1077, 2002.
Baraldi, R., Rapparini, F., Oechel, W. C., Hastings, S. J., Bryant, P., Cheng, Y. F., and Miglietta, F.: Monoterpene emission responses to elevated CO2 in a Mediterranean-type ecosystem, New Phytol., 161, 17–21, 2004.
Bargali, S. S. and Singh, R. P.: Pinus patula plantations in Kumaun Himalaya. I. Dry matter dynamics, J. Trop. For. Sci., 9, 526–535, 1997.
Beauchamp, J., Wisthaler, A., Hansel, A., Kleist, E., Miebach, M., Niinemets, Ü., Schurr, U., and Wildt, J.: Ozone induced emissions of biogenic VOC from tobacco: relations between ozone uptake and emission of LOX products, Plant Cell Environ., 28, 1334-1343, 2005.
Bertin, N. and Staudt, M.: Effect of water stress on monoterpene emissions from young potted holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) trees, Oecologia, 107, 456–462, 1996.
Bertin, N., Staudt, M., Hansen, U., Seufert, G., Ciccioli, P., Foster, P., Fugit, J. L., and Torres, L.: Diurnal and seasonal course of monoterpene emissions from Quercus ilex (L.) under natural conditions – applications of light and temperature algorithms, Atmos. Environ., 31, 135–144, 1997.
Blanch, J.-S., Peñuelas, J., and Llusià, J.: Sensitivity of terpene emissions to drought and fertilization in terpene-storing Pinus halepensis and non-storing Quercus ilex, Physiol. Plant., 131, 211–225, 2007.
Blanch, J.-S., Noe, S. M., Niinemets, Ü., and Peñuelas, J.: Control of plant monoterpene emissions by instantaneous and historical temperatures, J. Environ. Biol., in press, 2010.
Boissard, C., Cao, X. L., Juan, C. Y., Hewitt, C. N., and Gallagher, M.: Seasonal variations in VOC emission rates from gorse (Ulex europaeus), Atmos. Environ., 35, 917–927, 2001.
Boissard, C., Chervier, F., and Dutot, A. L.: Assessment of high (diurnal) to low (seasonal) frequency variations of isoprene emission rates using a neural network approach, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 8, 2089–2101, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-2089-2008, 2008.
Brilli, F., Barta, C., Fortunati, A., Lerdau, M., Loreto, F., and Centritto, M.: Response of isoprene emission and carbon metabolism to drought in white poplar (Populus alba) saplings, New Phytol., 175, 244–254, 2007.
Brilli, F., Ciccioli, P., Frattoni, M., Prestininzi, M., Spanedda, A. F., and Loreto, F.: Constitutive and herbivore-induced monoterpenes emitted by Populus x euroamericana leaves are key volatiles that orient Chrysomela populi beetles, Plant Cell Environ., 32, 542–552, 2009.
Brooks, J. R., Hinckley, T. M., and Sprugel, D. G.: Acclimation responses of mature Abies amabilis sun foliage to shading, Oecologia, 100, 316–324, 1994.
Buckley, P. T.: Isoprene emissions from a Florida scrub oak species grown in ambient and elevated carbon dioxide, Atmos. Environ., 35, 631–634, 2001.
Centritto, M., Nascetti, P., Petrilli, L., Raschi, A., and Loreto, F.: Profiles of isoprene emission and photosynthetic parameters in hybrid poplars exposed to free-air CO2 enrichment, Plant Cell Environ., 27, 403–412, 2004.
Chen, F., Al-Ahmad, H., Joyce, B., Zhao, N., Köllner, T. G., Degenhardt, J., and Stewart Jr., C. N.: Within-plant distribution and emission of sesquiterpenes from Copaifera officinalis, Plant Physiol. Bioch., 47, 1017–1023, 2009.
Ciccioli, P., Fabozzi, C., Brancaleoni, E., Cecinato, A., Frattoni, M., Loreto, F., Kesselmeier, J., Schäfer, L., Bode, K., Torres, L., and Fugit, J.-L.: Use of the isoprene algorithm for predicting the monoterpene emission from the Mediterranean holm oak Quercus ilex L.: performance and limits of this approach, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 23319–23328, 1997.
Ciccioli, P., Brancaleoni, E., Frattoni, M., Brachetti, A., Marta, S., Loreto, F., Seufert, G., Vitullo, M., Tirone, G., Manca, G., and Valentini, R.: Daily and seasonal variations of monoterpene emissions from an evergreen oak (Quercus ilex L.) forest of southern Europe, in: A changing atmosphere: Proceedings of the 8th European symposium on the physico-chemical behaviour of atmospheric pollutants, edited by: Raes, F., Angeletti, G., and Hjorth, J., European Commission, DG Research and Joint Research Center, Ispra, 5 pp., 2001.
Ciccioli, P., Brancaleoni, E., Frattoni, M., Marta, S., Brachetti, A., Vitullo, M., Tirone, G., and Valentini, R.: Relaxed eddy accumulation, a new technique for measuring emission and deposition fluxes of volatile organic compounds by capillary gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A, 985, 283–296, 2003.
Cinege, G., Louis, S., Hänsch, R., and Schnitzler, J.-P.: Regulation of isoprene synthase promoter by environmental and internal factors, Plant Mol. Biol., 69, 593–604, 2009.
Claeys, M., Graham, B., Vas, G., Wang, W., Vermeylen, R., Pashynska, V., Cafmeyer, J., Guyon, P., Andreae, M. O., Artaxo, P., and Maenhaut, W.: Formation of secondary organic aerosols through photooxidation of isoprene, Science, 303, 1173–1176, 2004.
Constable, J. V. H., Litvak, M. E., Greenberg, J. P., and Monson, R. K.: Monoterpene emission from coniferous trees in response to elevated CO2 concentration and climate warming, Global Change Biol., 5, 255–267, 1999.
Curci, G., Beekmann, M., Vautard, R., Smiatek, G., Steinbrecher, R., Theloke, J., and Friedrich, R.: Modelling study of the impact of isoprene and terpene biogenic emissions on European ozone levels, Atmos. Environ., 43, 1444–1455, 2009.
Dicke, M. and Baldwin, I. T.: The evolutionary context for herbivore-induced plant volatiles: beyond the "cry for help", Trends Plant Sci., 15, 167–175, 2010.
Ekberg, A., Arneth, A., Hakola, H., Hayward, S., and Holst, T.: Isoprene emission from wetland sedges, Biogeosciences, 6, 601–613, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-601-2009, 2009.
Fall, R., Karl, T., Hansel, A., Jordan, A., and Lindinger, W.: Volatile organic compounds emitted after leaf wounding: on-line analysis by proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 15963–15974, 1999.
Fang, C., Monson, R. K., and Cowling, E. B.: Isoprene emission, photosynthesis, and growth in sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) seedlings exposed to short- and long-term drying cycles, Tree Physiol., 16, 441–446, 1996.
Fares, S., Barta, C., Brilli, F., Centritto, M., Ederli, L., Ferranti, F., Pasqualini, S., Reale, L., Tricoli, D., and Loreto, F.: Impact of high ozone on isoprene emission, photosynthesis and histology of developing Populus alba leaves directly or indirectly exposed to the pollutant, Physiol. Plant., 128, 456–465, 2006.
Fares, S., Brilli, F., Noguès, I., Velikova, V., Tsonev, T., Dagli, S., and Loreto, F.: Isoprene emission and primary metabolism in Phragmites australis grown under different phosphorus levels, Plant Biol., 10, 38–43, 2008.
Farquhar, G. D., von Caemmerer, S., and Berry, J. A.: A biochemical model of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in leaves of C3 species, Planta, 149, 78–90, 1980.
Farquhar, G. D. and von Caemmerer, S.: Modeling of photosynthetic response to environmental conditions, in: Physiological Plant Ecology, edited by: Lange, O. L., Nobel, P. S., Osmond, C. B., and Ziegler, H., Encyclopedia of plant physiology, 12B, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 549–588, 1982.
Fischbach, R. J., Staudt, M., Zimmer, I., Rambal, S., and Schnitzler, J. P.: Seasonal pattern of monoterpene synthase activities in leaves of the evergreen tree Quercus ilex, Physiol. Plant., 114, 354–360, 2002.
Flexas, J. and Medrano, H.: Drought-inhibition of photosynthesis in C3 plants: stomatal and non-stomatal limitations revisited, Ann. Bot., 89, 183–189, 2002.
Fortunati, A., Barta, C., Brilli, F., Centritto, M., Zimmer, I., Schnitzler, J.-P., and Loreto, F.: Isoprene emission is not temperature-dependent during and after severe drought-stress: a physiological and biochemical analysis, Plant J., 55, 687–697, 2008.
Fowler, D., Pilegaard, K., Sutton, M. A., Ambus, P., Raivonen, M., Duyzer, J., Simpson, D., Fagerli, H., Fuzzi, S., Schjoerring, J. K., Granier, C., Neftel, A., Isaksen, I. S. A., Laj, P., Maione, M., Monks, P. S., Burkhardt, J., Daemmgen, U., Neirynck, J., Personne, E., Wichink-Kruit, R., Butterbach-Bahl, K., Flechard, C., Tuovinen, J. P., Coyle, M., Gerosa, G., Loubet, B., Altimir, N., Gruenhage, L., Ammann, C., Cieslik, S., Paoletti, E., Mikkelsen, T. N., Ro-Poulsen, H., Cellier, P., Cape, J. N., Horváth, L., Loreto, F., Niinemets, Ü., Palmer, P. I., Rinne, J., Misztal, P., Nemitz, E., Nilsson, D., Pryor, S., Gallagher, M. W., Vesala, T., Skiba, U., Brüggemann, N., Zechmeister-Boltenstern, S., Williams, J., O'Dowd, C., Facchini, M. C., de Leeuw, G., Flossman, A., Chaumerliac, N., and Erisman, J. W.: Atmospheric composition change: ecosystems – atmosphere interactions, Atmos. Environ., 43, 5193–5267, 2009.
Fracheboud, Y., Luquez, V., Björkén, L., Sjödin, A., Tuominen, H., and Jansson, S.: The control of autumn senescence in European aspens (Populus tremula), Plant Physiol., in press, 149, 1982–1991, https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.1108.133249, 2009.
Fuentes, J. D. and Wang, D.: On the seasonality of isoprene emissions from a mixed temperate forest, Ecol. Appl., 9, 1118–1131, 1999.
Fuentes, J. D., Wang, D., and Gu, L.: Seasonal variations in isoprene emissions from a boreal aspen forest, J. Appl. Meteorol., 38, 855–869, 1999.
Funk, J. L., Jones, C. G., and Lerdau, M. T.: Defoliation effects on isoprene emission from Populus deltoides, Oecologia, 118, 333–339, 1999.
Funk, J. L., Jones, C. G., Baker, C. J., Fuller, H. M., Giardina, C. P., and Lerdau, M. T.: Diurnal variation in the basal emission rate of isoprene, Ecol. Appl., 13, 269–278, 2003.
Geron, C., Guenther, A., Sharkey, T., and Arnts, R. R.: Temporal variability in basal isoprene emission factor, Tree Physiol., 20, 799–805, 2000.
Gholz, H. L., Vogel, S. A., Cropper Jr., W. P., McKelvey, K., Ewel, K. C., Teskey, R. O., and Curran, P. J.: Dynamics of canopy structure and light interception in Pinus elliottii stands, North Florida, Ecol. Monogr., 61, 33–51, 1991.
Grassi, G. and Magnani, F.: Stomatal, mesophyll conductance and biochemical limitations to photosynthesis as affected by drought and leaf ontogeny in ash and oak trees, Plant Cell Environ., 28, 834–849, 2005.
Grassi, G., Vicinelli, E., Ponti, F., Cantoni, L., and Magnani, F.: Seasonal and interannual variability of photosynthetic capacity in relation to leaf nitrogen in a deciduous forest plantation in northern Italy, Tree Physiol., 25, 349–360, 2005.
Gray, D. W., Goldstein, A. H., and Lerdau, M. T.: The influence of light environment on photosynthesis and basal methylbutenol emission from Pinus ponderosa, Plant Cell Environ., 28, 1463–1474, 2005.
Gray, D. W., Goldstein, A. H., and Lerdau, M.: Thermal history regulates methylbutenol basal emission rate in Pinus ponderosa, Plant Cell Environ., 29, 1298–1308, 2006.
Grinspoon, J., Bowman, W. D., and Fall, R.: Delayed onset of isoprene emission in developing velvet bean (Mucuna sp.) leaves, Plant Physiol., 97, 170–174, 1991.
Grote, R., Mayrhofer, S., Fischbach, R. J., Steinbrecher, R., Staudt, M., and Schnitzler, J.-P.: Process-based modelling of isoprenoid emissions from evergreen leaves of Quercus ilex L., Atmos. Environ., 40, S152–S165, 2006.
Grote, R., Lavoir, A.-V., Rambal, S., Staudt, M., Zimmer, I., and Schnitzler, J.-P.: Modelling the drought impact on monoterpene fluxes from an evergreen Mediterranean forest canopy, Oecologia, 160, 213–223, 2009.
Grote, R., Keenan, T., Lavoir, A.-V., and Staudt, M.: Process-based simulation of seasonality and drought stress in monoterpene emission models, Biogeosciences, 7, 257–274, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-257-2010, 2010.
Guenther, A. B., Monson, R. K., and Fall, R.: Isoprene and monoterpene emission rate variability: observations with Eucalyptus and emission rate algorithm development, J. Geophys. Res., 96, 10799–10808, 1991.
Guenther, A. B., Zimmerman, P. R., Harley, P. C., Monson, R. K., and Fall, R.: Isoprene and monoterpene emission rate variability: model evaluations and sensitivity analyses, J. Geophys. Res., 98, 12609–12617, 1993.
Guenther, A., Zimmerman, P. R., and Wildermuth, M.: Natural volatile organic compound emission rates for US woodland landscapes, Atmos. Environ., 28, 1197–1210, 1994.
Guenther, A., Hewitt, C. N., Erickson, D., Fall, R., Geron, C., Graedel, T., Harley, P., Klinger, L., Lerdau, M., McKay, W. A., Pierce, T., Scholes, B., Steinbrecher, R., Tallamraju, R., Taylor, J., and Zimmerman, P.: A global model of natural volatile compound emissions, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 8873–8892, 1995.
Guenther, A.: Modeling biogenic volatile organic compound emissions to the atmosphere, in: Reactive hydrocarbons in the atmosphere, edited by: Hewitt, C. N., Academic Press, San Diego, 41–94, 1999.
Guenther, A., Baugh, B., Brasseur, G., Greenberg, J., Harley, P., Klinger, L., Serça, D., and Vierling, L.: Isoprene emission estimates and uncertainties for the Central African EXPRESSO study domain, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 104, 30625–30639, 1999.
Guenther, A., Geron, C., Pierce, T., Lamb, B., Harley, P., and Fall, R.: Natural emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, and oxides of nitrogen from North America, Atmos. Environ., 34, 2205–2230, 2000.
Guenther, A., Karl, T., Harley, P., Wiedinmyer, C., Palmer, P. I., and Geron, C.: Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions using MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature), Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 3181–3210, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-6-3181-2006, 2006.
Gutschick, V. P.: Plant acclimation to elevated CO2 – from simple regularities to biogeographic chaos, Ecol. Model., 200, 433–451, 2007.
Hall, A. E.: Breeding for heat tolerance, in: Blant breeding reviews, edited by: Janick, J., John Wiley & Sons, New York, 129–168, 1992.
Hällgren, J.-E., Strand, M., and Lundmark, T.: Temperature stress, in: Physiology of trees, edited by: Raghavendra, A. S., John Wiley & Sons Inc., New-York, 301–335, 1991.
Hamerlynck, E. P. and Knapp, A. K.: Leaf-level responses to light and temperature in two co-occurring Quercus (Fagaceae) species: implications for tree distribution patterns, Forest Ecol. Manage., 68, 149–159, 1994.
Hanna, S. R., Russell, A. G., Wilkinson, J. G., Vukovich, J., and Hansen, D. A.: Monte Carlo estimation of uncertainties in BEIS3 emission outputs and their effects on uncertainties in chemical transport model predictions, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, D01302, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD004986, 2005.
Hanson, D. T. and Sharkey, T. D.: Rate of acclimation of the capacity for isoprene emission in response to light and temperature, Plant Cell Environ., 24, 937–946, 2001a.
Hanson, D. T. and Sharkey, T. D.: Effect of growth conditions on isoprene emission and other thermotolerance-enhancing compounds, Plant Cell Environ., 24, 929–936, 2001b.
Hargreaves, P. R., Leidi, A., Grubb, H. J., Howe, M. T., and Mugglestone, M. A.: Local and seasonal variations in atmospheric nitrogen dioxide levels at Rothamsted, UK, and relationships with meteorological conditions, Atmos. Environ., 34, 843–853, 2000.
Harley, P. C., Litvak, M. E., Sharkey, T. D., and Monson, R. K.: Isoprene emission from velvet bean leaves. Interactions among nitrogen availability, growth photon flux density, and leaf development, Plant Physiol., 105, 279–285, 1994.
Harley, P. C. and Baldocchi, D. D.: Scaling carbon dioxide and water vapour exchange from leaf to canopy in a deciduous forest. I. Leaf model parametrization, Plant Cell Environ., 18, 1146–1156, 1995.
Harley, P., Guenther, A., and Zimmerman, P.: Effects of light, temperature and canopy position on net photosynthesis and isoprene emission from sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) leaves, Tree Physiol., 16, 25–32, 1996.
Harley, P., Guenther, A., and Zimmerman, P.: Environmental controls over isoprene emission in deciduous oak canopies, Tree Physiol., 17, 705–714, 1997.
Heald, C. L., Henze, D. K., Horowitz, L. W., Feddema, J., Lamarque, J.-F., Guenther, A., Hess, P. G., Vitt, F., Seinfeld, J. H., Goldstein, A. H., and Fung, I.: Predicted change in global secondary organic aerosol concentrations in response to future climate, emissions, and land use change, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 113, D05211, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JD009092, 2008.
Heald, C. L., Wilkinson, M. J., Monson, R. K., Alo, C. A., Wang, G., and Guenther, A.: Response of isoprene emission to ambient CO2 changes and implications for global budgets, Global Change Biol., 15, 1127–1140, 2009.
Heiden, A. C., Kobel, K., Langebartels, C., Schuh-Thomas, G., and Wildt, J.: Emissions of oxygenated volatile organic compounds from plants. Part I: Emissions from lipoxygenase activity, J. Atmos. Chem., 45, 143–172, 2003.
Holopainen, J. K. and Gershenzon, J.: Multiple stress factors and the emission of plant VOCs, Trends Plant Sci., 15, 176–184, 2010.
Huber, D. P. W., Philippe, R. N., Godard, K.-A., Sturrock, R. N., and Böhlmann, J.: Characterization of four terpene synthase cDNAs from methyl jasmonate-induced Douglas-fin, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Phytochemistry, 66, 1427–1439, 2005.
Juuti, S., Arey, J., and Atkinson, R.: Monoterpene emission rate measurements from a Monterey pine, J. Geophys. Res., 95, 7515–7519, 1990.
Kanakidou, M., Seinfeld, J. H., Pandis, S. N., Barnes, I., Dentener, F. J., Facchini, M. C., Van Dingenen, R., Ervens, B., Nenes, A., Nielsen, C. J., Swietlicki, E., Putaud, J. P., Balkanski, Y., Fuzzi, S., Horth, J., Moortgat, G. K., Winterhalter, R., Myhre, C. E. L., Tsigaridis, K., Vignati, E., Stephanou, E. G., and Wilson, J.: Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1053–1123, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-5-1053-2005, 2005.
Karl, T., Guenther, A., Turnipseed, A., Patton, E. G., and Jardine, K.: Chemical sensing of plant stress at the ecosystem scale, Biogeosciences, 5, 1287–1294, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-5-1287-2008, 2008.
Karl, M., Guenther, A., Köble, R., Leip, A., and Seufert, G.: A new European plant-specific emission inventory of biogenic volatile organic compounds for use in atmospheric transport models, Biogeosciences, 6, 1059–1087, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-1059-2009, 2009.
Keenan, T., Niinemets, Ü., Sabate, S., Gracia, C., and Peñuelas, J.: Seasonality of monoterpene emission potentials in Quercus ilex and Pinus pinea: Implications for regional BVOC emissions modelling, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 114, D22202, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JD011904, 2009.
Keskitalo, J., Bergquist, G., Gardeström, P., and Jansson, S.: A cellular timetable of autumn senescence, Plant Physiol., 139, 1635–1648, 2005.
Kesselmeier, J., Bode, K., Hofmann, U., Müller, H., Schäfer, L., Wolf, A., Ciccioli, P., Brancaleoni, E., Cecinato, A., Frattoni, M., Foster, P., Ferrari, C., Jacob, V., Fugit, J. L., Dutaur, L., Simon, V., and Torres, L.: Emission of short chained organic acids, aldehydes and monoterpenes from Quercus ilex L. and Pinus pinea L. in relation to physiological activities, carbon budget and emission algorithms, Atmos. Environ., 31, 119–133, 1997.
Kesselmeier, J., Bode, K., Schäfer, L., Schebeske, G., Wolf, A., Brancaleoni, E., Cecinato, A., Ciccioli, P., Frattoni, M., Dutaur, L., Fugit, J. L., Simon, V., and Torres, L.: Simultaneous field measurements of terpene and isoprene emissions from two dominant Mediterranean oak species in relation to a north American species, Atmos. Environ., 32, 1947–1953, 1998.
Kim, J. C.: Factors controlling natural VOC emissions in a southeastern US pine forest, Atmos. Environ., 35, 3279–3292, 2001.
Kuhn, U., Rottenberger, S., Biesenthal, T., Wolf, A., Schebeske, G., Ciccioli, P., and Kesselmeier, J.: Strong correlation between isoprene emission and gross photosynthetic capacity during leaf phenology of the tropical tree species Hymenaea courbaril with fundamental changes in volatile organic compounds emission composition during early leaf development, Plant Cell Environ., 27, 1469-1485, 2004.
Kull, O.: Acclimation of photosynthesis in canopies: models and limitations, Oecologia, 133, 267–279, 2002.
Kulmala, M., Suni, T., Lehtinen, K. E. J., Dal Maso, M., Boy, M., Reissell, A., Rannik, Ü., Aalto, P., Keronen, P., Hakola, H., Bäck, J., Hoffmann, T., Vesala, T., and Hari, P.: A new feedback mechanism linking forests, aerosols, and climate, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 557–562, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-4-557-2004, 2004.
Lamb, B., Gay, D., Westberg, H., and Pierce, T.: A biogenic hydrocarbon emission inventory for the USA using a simple forest canopy model, Atmos. Environ., 27A, 1673–1690, 1993.
Lavoir, A.-V., Staudt, M., Schnitzler, J. P., Landais, D., Massol, F., Rocheteau, A., Rodriguez, R., Zimmer, I., and Rambal, S.: Drought reduced monoterpene emissions from the evergreen Mediterranean oak Quercus ilex: results from a throughfall displacement experiment, Biogeosciences, 6, 1167–1180, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-6-1167-2009, 2009.
Lechowicz, M. J.: Why do temperate deciduous trees leaf out at different times? Adaptations and ecology of forest communities, Am. Nat., 124, 821–842, 1984.
Lehning, A., Zimmer, W., Zimmer, I., and Schnitzler, J. P.: Modeling of annual variations of oak (Quercus robur L.) isoprene synthase activity to predict isoprene emission rates, J. Geophys. Res., 106, 3157–3166, 2001.
Lenz, R., Selige, T., and Seufert, G.: Scaling up the biogenic emissions from test sites at Castelporziano, Atmos. Environ., 31, 239–250, 1997.
Lerdau, M., Litvak, M., and Monson, R.: Monoterpenes and the growth-differentiation balance hypothesis, Tree, 9, 58–61, 1994.
Lerdau, M., Matson, P., Fall, R., and Monson, R.: Ecological controls over monoterpene emissions from Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), Ecology, 76, 2640–2647, 1995.
Li, D., Chen, Y., Shi, Y., He, X., and Chen, X.: Impact of elevated CO2 and O3 concentrations on biogenic volatile organic compounds emissions from Ginkgo biloba, B. Environ. Contam. Tox., 82, 473–477, 2009.
Litvak, M. E., Loreto, F., Harley, P. C., Sharkey, T. D., and Monson, R. K.: The response of isoprene emission rate and photosynthetic rate to photon flux and nitrogen supply in aspen and white oak trees, Plant Cell Environ., 19, 549–559, 1996.
Litvak, M. E. and Monson, R. K.: Patterns of induced and constitutive monoterpene production in conifer needles in relation to insect herbivory, Oecologia, 114, 531–540, 1998.
Litvak, M. E., Constable, J. V. H., and Monson, R. K.: Supply and demand processes as controls over needle monoterpene synthesis and concentration in Douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco], Oecologia, 132, 382–391, 2002.
Llorens, L., Llusià, J., Murchie, E. H., Peñuelas, J., and Beerling, D. J.: Monoterpene emissions and photoinhibition of "living fossil" trees grown under CO2 enrichment in a simulated Cretaceous polar environment, J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeo., 114, G01005, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JG000802, 2009.
Llusià, J. and Peñuelas, J.: Changes in terpene content and emission in potted Mediterranean woody plants under severe drought, Can. J. Bot., 76, 1366–1373, 1998.
Llusià, J. and Peñuelas, J.: Seasonal patterns of terpene content and emission from seven Mediterranean woody species in field conditions, Am. J. Bot., 87, 133–140, 2000.
Llusià, J., Peñuelas, J., and Gimeno, B. S.: Seasonal and species-specific response of VOC emissions by Mediterranean woody plant to elevated ozone concentrations, Atmos. Environ., 36, 3931–3938 2002.
Llusià, J., Peñuelas, J., Alessio, G. A., and Ogaya, R.: Species-specific, seasonal and inter-annual changes in foliar terpene emission rates in Phillyrea latifolia L. and Quercus ilex L. submitted to rain exclusion in the Prades mountains (Catalonia), Russ. J. Plant. Physiol., in press, 2010.
Loivamäki, M., Louis, S., Cinege, G., Zimmer, I., Fischbach, R. J., and Schnitzler, J.-P.: Circadian rhythms of isoprene biosynthesis in grey poplar leaves, Plant Physiol., 143, 540–551, 2007.
Loreto, F. and Sharkey, T. D.: Isoprene emission by plants is affected by transmissible wound signals, Plant Cell Environ., 16, 563–570, 1993.
Loreto, F., Förster, A., Dürr, M., Csiky, O., and Seufert, G.: On the monoterpene emission under heat stress and on the increased thermotolerance of leaves of Quercus ilex L. fumigated with selected monoterpenes, Plant Cell Environ., 21, 101–107, 1998.
Loreto, F., Nascetti, P., Graverini, A., and Mannozzi, M.: Emission and content of monoterpenes in intact and wounded needles of the Mediterranean pine, Pinus pinea, Funct. Ecol., 14, 589–595, 2000.
Loreto, F., Fischbach, R. J., Schnitzler, J. P., Ciccioli, P., Brancaleoni, E., Calfapietra, C., and Seufert, G.: Monoterpene emission and monoterpene synthase activities in the Mediterranean evergreen oak Quercus ilex L. grown at elevated CO2, Global Change Biol., 7, 709–717, 2001.
Loreto, F. and Velikova, V.: Isoprene produced by leaves protects the photosynthetic apparatus against ozone damage, quenches ozone products, and reduces lipid peroxidation of cellular membranes, Plant Physiol., 127, 1781–1787, 2001.
Loreto, F., Pinelli, P., Manes, F., and Kollist, H.: Impact of ozone on monoterpene emissions and evidence for an isoprene-like antioxidant action of monoterpenes emitted by Quercus ilex leaves, Tree Physiol., 24, 361–367 2004.
Loreto, F., Barta, C., Brilli, F., and Nogues, I.: On the induction of volatile organic compound emissions by plants as consequence of wounding or fluctuations of light and temperature, Plant Cell Environ., 29, 1820–1828, 2006.
Loreto, F. and Schnitzler, J.-P.: Abiotic stresses and induced BVOCs, Trends Plant Sci., 15, 154–166, 2010.
Martin, M. J., Stirling, C. M., Humphries, S. W., and Long, S. P.: A process-based model to predict the effects of climatic change on leaf isoprene emission rates, Ecol. Model., 131, 161–174, 2000.
Mayrhofer, S., Teuber, M., Zimmer, I., Louis, S., Fischbach, R. J., and Schnitzler, J.-P.: Diurnal and seasonal variation of isoprene biosynthesis-related genes in grey poplar leaves, Plant Physiol., 139, 474–484, 2005.
McMurtrie, R. E. and Comins, H. N.: The temporal response of forest ecosystems to doubled atmospheric CO2 concentration, Global Change Biol., 2, 49–57, 1996.
Medrano, H., Escalona, J. M., Bota, J., Gulias, J., and Flexas, J.: Regulation of photosynthesis of C3 plants in response to progressive drought: Stomatal conductance as a reference parameter, Ann. Bot., 89, 895–905, 2002.
Mentel, Th. F., Wildt, J., Kiendler-Scharr, A., Kleist, E., Tillmann, R., Dal Maso, M., Fisseha, R., Hohaus, Th., Spahn, H., Uerlings, R., Wegener, R., Griffiths, P. T., Dinar, E., Rudich, Y., and Wahner, A.: Photochemical production of aerosols from real plant emissions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 4387–4406, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4387-2009, 2009.
Monson, R. K., Harley, P. C., Litvak, M. E., Wildermuth, M., Guenther, A. B., Zimmerman, P. R., and Fall, R.: Environmental and developmental controls over the seasonal pattern of isoprene emission from aspen leaves, Oecologia, 99, 260–270, 1994.
Monson, R. K., Trahan, N., Rosenstiel, T. N., Veres, P., Moore, D., Wilkinson, M., Norby, R. J., Volder, A., Tjoelker, M. G., Briske, D. D., Karnosky, D. F., and Fall, R.: Isoprene emission from terrestrial ecosystems in response to global change: minding the gap between models and observations, Philos. T. Roy. Soc. Lond. A, 365, 1677–1695, 2007.
Niinemets, Ü., Tenhunen, J. D., Harley, P. C., and Steinbrecher, R.: A model of isoprene emission based on energetic requirements for isoprene synthesis and leaf photosynthetic properties for Liquidambar and Quercus, Plant Cell Environ., 22, 1319–1336, 1999.
Niinemets, Ü., Hauff, K., Bertin, N., Tenhunen, J. D., Steinbrecher, R., and Seufert, G.: Monoterpene emissions in relation to foliar photosynthetic and structural variables in Mediterranean evergreen Quercus species, New Phytol., 153, 243–256, 2002a.
Niinemets, Ü., Seufert, G., Steinbrecher, R., and Tenhunen, J. D.: A model coupling foliar monoterpene emissions to leaf photosynthetic characteristics in Mediterranean evergreen Quercus species, New Phytol., 153, 257–276, 2002b.
Niinemets, Ü., Kull, O., and Tenhunen, J. D.: Within canopy variation in the rate of development of photosynthetic capacity is proportional to integrated quantum flux density in temperate deciduous trees, Plant Cell Environ., 27, 293–313, 2004.
Niinemets, Ü. and Valladares, F.: Photosynthetic acclimation to simultaneous and interacting environmental stresses along natural light gradients: optimality and constraints, Plant Biol., 6, 254–268, 2004.
Niinemets, Ü., Cescatti, A., Rodeghiero, M., and Tosens, T.: Complex adjustments of photosynthetic capacity and internal mesophyll conductance to current and previous light availabilities and leaf age in Mediterranean evergreen species Quercus ilex, Plant Cell Environ., 29, 1159–1178, 2006.
Niinemets, Ü.: Photosynthesis and resource distribution through plant canopies, Plant Cell Environ., 30, 1052–1071, 2007.
Niinemets, Ü. and Valladares, F.: Environmental tolerance, in: Encyclopedia of Ecology, edited by: Jørgensen, S. E. and Fath, B. D., Elsevier, Oxford, 1370–1376, 2008.
Niinemets, Ü. and Anten, N. P. R.: Packing photosynthesis machinery: from leaf to canopy, in: Photosynthesis in silico: understanding complexity from molecules to ecosystems, 29 edition, edited by: Laisk, A., Nedbal, L., and Govindjee, Advances in photosynthesis and respiration, Springer Verlag, Berlin, 363–399, 2009.
Niinemets, Ü.: Mild versus severe stress and BVOCs: thresholds, priming and consequences, Trends Plant Sci., 15, 145–153, 2010.
Niinemets, Ü., García-Plazaola, J. I., and Tosens, T.: Photosynthesis during leaf development and ageing, in: Terrestrial photosynthesis in a changing environment, The molecular, physiological and ecological bases of photosynthesis driving its response to the environmental changes, edited by: Flexas, J., Loreto, F., and Medrano, H., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, in press, 2010a.
Niinemets, Ü., Monson, R. K., Arneth, A., Ciccioli, P., Kesselmeier, J., Kuhn, U., Noe, S. M., Peñuelas, J., and Staudt, M.: The leaf-level emission factor of volatile isoprenoids: caveats, model algorithms, response shapes and scaling, Biogeosciences, 7, 1809–1832, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1809-2010, 2010b.
Ortega, J. and Helmig, D.: Approaches for quantifying reactive and low-volatility biogenic organic compound emissions by vegetation enclosure techniques – Part A, Chemosphere, 72, 343–364, 2008.
Ortega, J., Helmig, D., Daly, R. W., Tanner, D. M., Guenther, A. B., and Herrick, J. D.: Approaches for quantifying reactive and low-volatility biogenic organic compound emissions by vegetation enclosure techniques – Part B: applications, Chemosphere, 72, 365–380, 2008.
Owen, S., Boissard, C., Street, R. A., Duckham, S. C., Csiky, O., and Hewitt, C. N.: Screening of 18 Mediterranean plant species for volatile organic compound emissions, Atmos. Environ., 31, 101–117, 1997.
Pegoraro, E., Rey, A., Bobich, E. G., Barron-Gafford, G. A., Grieve, K. A., Malhi, Y., and Murthy, R.: Effect of elevated CO2 concentration and vapor pressure deficit on isoprene emission from leaves of Populus deltoides during drought, Funct. Plant Biol., 31, 1137–1147, 2004a.
Pegoraro, E., Rey, A., Greenberg, J., Harley, P., Grace, J., Malhi, Y., and Guenther, A.: Effect of drought on isoprene emission rates from leaves of Quercus virginiana Mill., Atmos. Environ., 38, 6149–6156, 2004b.
Pegoraro, E., Rey, A., Barron-Gafford, G., Monson, R., Malh, Y., and Murthy, R.: The interacting effects of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration, drought and leaf-to-air vapour pressure deficit on ecosystem isoprene fluxes, Oecologia, 146, 120–129, 2005.
Peñuelas, J. and Llusià, J.: Effects of carbon dioxide, water supply, and seasonality on terpene content and emission by Rosmarinus officinalis, J. Chem. Ecol., 23, 979–993, 1997.
Peñuelas, J. and Estiarte, M.: Can elevated CO2 affect secondary metabolism and ecosystem functioning?, Tree, 13, 20–24, 1998.
Peñuelas, J. and Llusià, J.: BVOCs: plant defense against climatic warming?, Trends Plant Sci., 8, 105–109, 2003.
Peñuelas, J., Filella, I., Stefanescu, C., and Llusià, J.: Caterpillars of Euphydryas aurinia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) feeding on Succisa pratensis leaves induce large foliar emissions of methanol, New Phytol., 167, 851–857, 2005.
Peñuelas, J., Filella, I., Seco, R., and Llusià, J.: Increase in isoprene and monoterpene emissions after re-watering of droughted Quercus ilex seedlings, Biol. Plant., 53, 351–354, 2009.
Peñuelas, J. and Staudt, M.: BVOCs and global change, Trends Plant Sci., 15, 133–144, 2010.
Pétron, G., Harley, P., Greenberg, J., and Guenther, A.: Seasonal temperature variations influence isoprene emission, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1707–1710, 2001.
Pook, E. W.: Canopy dynamics of Eucalyptus maculata Hook, I. Distribution and dynamics of leaf populations, Aust. J. Bot., 32, 387–403, 1984.
Porcar-Castell, A., Peñuelas, J., Owen, S. M., Llusià, J., Munné-Bosch, S., and Bäck, J.: Leaf carotenoid concentrations and monoterpene emission capacity under acclimation of the light reactions of photosynthesis, Boreal Environ. Res., 14, 794–806, 2009.
Possell, M., Heath, J., Hewitt, C. N., Ayres, E., and Kerstiens, G.: Interactive effects of elevated CO2 and soil fertility on isoprene emissions from Quercus robur, Global Change Biol., 10, 1835–1843, 2004.
Possell, M., Hewitt, C. N., and Beerling, D. J.: The effects of glacial atmospheric CO2 concentrations and climate on isoprene emissions by vascular plants, Global Change Biol., 11, 60–69, 2005.
Priemé, A., Knudsen, T. B., Glasius, M., and Christensen, S.: Herbivory by the weevil, Strophosoma melanogrammum, causes severalfold increase in emission of monoterpenes from young Norway spruce (Picea abies), Atmos. Environ., 34, 711–718, 2000.
Räisänen, T., Ryyppö, A., Julkunen-Tiitto, R., and Kellomäki, S.: Effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on secondary compounds in the needles of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Trees, 22, 121–135, 2008a.
Räisänen, T., Ryyppö, A., and Kellomäki, S.: Effects of elevated CO2 and temperature on monoterpene emission of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Atmos. Environ., 42, 4160–4171, 2008b.
Rapparini, F., Baraldi, R., Miglietta, F., and Loreto, F.: Isoprenoid emission in trees of Quercus pubescens and Quercus ilex with lifetime exposure to naturally high CO2 environment, Plant Cell Environ., 27, 381–391, 2004.
Reynolds, J. F., Kemp, P. R., Acock, B., Chen, J.-L., and Moorhead, D. L.: Progress, limitations, and challenges in modeling the effects of elevated CO2 on plants and ecosystems, in: Carbon dioxide and terrestrial ecosystems, edited by: Koch, G. W. and Mooney, H. A., Academic Press, Inc., San Diego, 347–380, 1996.
Rosenstiel, T. N., Potosnak, M. J., Griffin, K. L., Fall, R., and Monson, R. K.: Increased CO2 uncouples growth from isoprene emission in an agriforest ecosystem, Nature, 421, 256–259, 2003.
Rosenthal, S. I. and Camm, E. L.: Effects of air temperature, photoperiod and leaf age on foliar senescence of western larch (Larix occidentalis Nutt.) in environmentally controlled chambers, Plant Cell Environ., 19, 1057–1065, 1996.
Rosenthal, S. I. and Camm, E. L.: Photosynthetic decline and pigment loss during autumn foliar senescence in western larch (Larix occidentalis), Tree Physiol., 17, 767–775, 1997.
Sabillón, D. and Cremades, L. V.: Diurnal and seasonal variation of monoterpene emission rates for typical Mediterranean species (Pinus pinea and Quercus ilex) from field measurements – relationship with temperature and PAR, Atmos. Environ., 35, 4419–4431, 2001.
Schade, G. W. and Goldstein, A. H.: Increase of monoterpene emissions from a pine plantation as a result of mechanical disturbances, Geophys. Res. Lett., 30, 1380, https://doi.org/10.1029/2002GL016138, 2003.
Schnitzler, J. P., Lehning, A., and Steinbrecher, R.: Seasonal pattern of isoprene synthase activity in Quercus robur leaves and its significance for modeling isoprene emission rates, Bot. Acta, 110, 240–243, 1997.
Scholefield, P. A., Doick, K. J., Herbert, B., Hewitt, C. N., Schnitzler, J. P., Pinelli, P., and Loreto, F.: Impact of rising CO2 on VOC emissions: isoprene emission from Phragmites australis growing at elevated CO2 in a natural carbon dioxide spring, Plant Cell Environ., 27, 393–401, 2004.
Sharkey, T. D. and Seemann, J. R.: Mild water stress effects on carbon-reduction-cycle intermediates, ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase activity, and spatial homogeneity of photosynthesis in intact leaves, Plant Physiol., 89, 1060–1065, 1989.
Sharkey, T. D., Loreto, F., and Delwiche, C. F.: High carbon dioxide and sun/shade effects on isoprene emission from oak and aspen tree leaves, Plant Cell Environ., 14, 333–338, 1991.
Sharkey, T. D. and Loreto, F.: Water stress, temperature, and light effects on the capacity for isoprene emission and photosynthesis of kudzu leaves, Oecologia, 95, 328–333, 1993.
Sharkey, T. D., Singsaas, E. L., Vanderveer, P. J., and Geron, C.: Field measurements of isoprene emission from trees in response to temperature and light, Tree Physiol., 16, 649–654, 1996.
Sharkey, T. D., Singsaas, E. L., Lerdau, M. T., and Geron, C. D.: Weather effects on isoprene emission capacity and applications in emissions algorithms, Ecol. Appl., 9, 1132–1137, 1999.
Sharkey, T. D.: Effects of moderate heat stress on photosynthesis: importance of thylakoid reactions, rubisco deactivation, reactive oxygen species, and thermotolerance provided by isoprene, Plant Cell Environ., 28, 269–277, 2005.
Shesták, Z., Tichá, I., Chatsky, J., Solárová, J., Pospíshilová, J., and Hodánová, D.: Integration of photosynthetic characteristics during leaf development, in: Photosynthesis during leaf development, edited by: Shesták, Z., Tasks for vegetation science, 11, Dr. W. Junk Publishers, Dordrecht - Boston - Lancaster, 263–286, 1985.
Simon, E., Kuhn, U., Rottenberger, S., Meixner, F. X., and Kesselmeier, J.: Coupling isoprene and monoterpene emissions from Amazonian tree species with physiological and environmental parameters using a neural network approach, Plant Cell Environ., 28, 287–301, 2005.
Simpson, D., Guenther, A., Hewitt, C. N., and Steinbrecher, R.: Biogenic emissions in Europe. 1. Estimates and uncertainties, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 22875–22890, 1995.
Simpson, D., Winiwarter, W., Börjesson, G., Cinderby, S., Ferreiro, A., Guenther, A., Hewitt, C. N., Janson, R., Khalil, M. A. K., Owen, S., Pierce, T. E., Puxbaum, H., Shearer, M., Skiba, U., Steinbrecher, R., Tarrasón, L., and Öquist, M. G.: Inventorying emissions from nature in Europe, J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 104, 8113–8152, 1999.
Singsaas, E. L., Laporte, M. M., Shi, J.-Z., Monson, R. K., Bowling, D. R., Johnson, K., Lerdau, M., Jasentuliytana, A., and Sharkey, T. D.: Kinetics of leaf temperature fluctuation affect isoprene emission from red oak (Quercus rubra) leaves, Tree Physiol., 19, 917–924, 1999.
Singsaas, E. L. and Sharkey, T. D.: The effects of high temperature on isoprene synthesis in oak leaves, Plant Cell Environ., 23, 751–757, 2000.
Snow, M. D., Bard, R. R., Olszyk, D. M., Minster, L. M., Hager, A. N., and Tingey, D. T.: Monoterpene levels in needles of Douglas fir exposed to elevated CO2 and temperature, Physiol. Plant., 117, 352–358, 2003.
Spracklen, D. V., Bonn, B., and Carslaw, K. S.: Boreal forests, aerosols and the impacts on clouds and climate, Philos. T. Roy. Soc. Lond. A, 366, 4613–4626, 2008.
Staudt, M. and Bertin, N.: Light and temperature dependence of the emission of cyclic and acyclic monoterpenes from holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) leaves, Plant Cell Environ., 21, 385–395, 1998.
Staudt, M., Bertin, N., Frenzel, B., and Seufert, G.: Seasonal variation in amount and composition of monoterpenes emitted by young Pinus pinea trees – implications for emission modeling, J. Atmos. Chem., 35, 77–99, 2000.
Staudt, M., Joffre, R., Rambal, S., and Kesselmeier, J.: Effect of elevated CO2 on monoterpene emission of young Quercus ilex trees and its relation to structural and ecophysiological parameters, Tree Physiol., 21, 437–445, 2001.
Staudt, M., Rambal, S., Joffre, R., and Kesselmeier, J.: Impact of drought on seasonal monoterpene emissions from Quercus ilex in southern France, J. Geophys. Res., D107, 4602, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JD002043, 2002.
Staudt, M., Joffre, R., and Rambal, S.: How growth conditions affect the capacity of Quercus ilex leaves to emit monoterpenes, New Phytol., 158, 61–73, 2003.
Staudt, M., Mir, C., Joffre, R., Rambal, S., Bonin, A., Landais, D., and Lumaret, R.: Isoprenoid emissions of Quercus spp. (Q. suber and Q. ilex) in mixed stands contrasting in interspecific genetic introgression, New Phytol., 163, 573–584, 2004.
Staudt, M. and Lhoutellier, L.: Volatile organic compound emission from holm oak infested by gypsy moth larvae: evidence for distinct responses in damaged and undamaged leaves, Tree Physiol., 27, 1433–1440, 2007.
Staudt, M., Ennajah, A., Mouillot, F., and Joffre, R.: Do volatile organic compound emissions of Tunisian cork oak populations originating from contrasting climatic conditions differ in their responses to summer drought?, Can. J. Forest Res., 38, 2965–2975, 2008.
Steinbrecher, R., Smiatek, G., Köble, R., Seufert, G., Theloke, J., Hauff, K., Ciccioli, P., Vautard, R., and Curci, G.: Intra- and inter-annual variability of VOC emissions from natural and semi-natural vegetation in Europe and neighbouring countries, Atmos. Environ., 43, 1380–1391, 2009.
Steindel, F., Beauchamp, J., Hansel, A., Kesselmeier, J., Kleist, E., Kuhn, U., Wisthaler, A., and Wildt, J.: Stress induced VOC emissions from mildew infested oak, Geophys. Res. Abstracts, 7, EGU05-A-03010, 2005.
Stolwijk, A. M., Straatman, H., and Zielhuis, G. A.: Studying seasonality by using sine and cosine functions in regression analysis, J. Epidemiol. Commun. H., 53, 235–238, 1999.
Street, R. A., Owen, S., Duckham, S. C., Boissard, C., and Hewitt, C. N.: Effect of habitat and age on variations in volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions from Quercus ilex and Pinus pinea, Atmos. Environ., 31, 89–100, 1997.
Sun, Z., Niinemets, Ü., and Copolovici, L.: Foliar isoprene emission during autumn senescence in aspen (Populus tremula), Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 73, A1295, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gcq.2009.05.015, 2009.
Tingey, D. T., Turner, D. P., and Weber, J. A.: Factors controlling the emissions of monoterpenes and other volatile organic compounds, in: Trace gas emissions by plants, edited by: Sharkey, T. D., Holland, E. A., and Mooney, H. A., Physiological ecology, A series of monographs, texts, and treatises, Academic Press, Inc., San Diego/New York/Boston/London/Sydney/Tokyo/Toronto, 93–119, 1991.
Tognetti, R., Johnson, J. D., Michelozzi, M., and Raschi, A.: Response of foliar metabolism in mature trees of Quercus pubescens and Quercus ilex to long-term elevated CO2, Environ. Exp. Bot., 39, 233–245, 1998.
Valladares, F. and Niinemets, Ü.: The architecture of plant crowns: from design rules to light capture and performance, in: Handbook of functional plant ecology, 2nd edition, edited by: Pugnaire, F. I. and Valladares, F., CRC Press, Boca Raton, 101–149, 2007.
van Doorn, W. G. and Woltering, E. J.: Senescence and programmed cell death: substance or semantics?, J. Exp. Bot., 55, 2147–2153, 2004.
Velikova, V., Tsonev, T., Pinelli, P., Alessio, G. A., and Loreto, F.: Localized ozone fumigation system for studying ozone effects on photosynthesis, respiration, electron transport rate and isoprene emission in field-grown Mediterranean oak species, Tree Physiol., 25, 1523–1532, 2005.
Vickers, C. E., Gershenzon, J., Lerdau, M. T., and Loreto, F.: A unified mechanism of action for volatile isoprenoids in plant abiotic stress, Nat. Chem. Biol., 5, 283–291, 2009.
Wiberley, A. E., Linskey, A. R., Falbel, T. G., and Sharkey, T. D.: Development of the capacity for isoprene emission in kudzu, Plant Cell Environ., 28, 898–905, 2005.
Wiberley, A. E., Donohue, A. R., Meier, M. E., Westphal, M. M., and Sharkey, T. D.: Regulation of isoprene emission in Populus trichocarpa leaves subjected to changing growth temperature, Plant Cell Environ., 31, 258–267, 2008.
Wiedinmyer, C., Greenberg, J., Guenther, A., Hopkins, B., Baker, K., Geron, C., Palmer, P. I., Long, B. P., Turner, J. R., Pétron, G., Harley, P., Pierce, T. E., Lamb, B., Westberg, H., Baugh, W., Koerber, M., and Janssen, M.: Ozarks Isoprene Experiment (OZIE): measurements and modeling of the "isoprene volcano", J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos., 110, D18307, https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD005800, 2005.
Wilkinson, M. J., Owen, S. M., Possell, M., Hartwell, J., Gould, P., Hall, A., Vickers, C., and Hewitt, C. N.: Circadian control of isoprene emissions from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), Plant J., 47, 960–968, 2006.
Wilkinson, M. J., Monson, R. K., Trahan, N., Lee, S., Brown, E., Jackson, R. B., Polley, H. W., Fay, P. A., and Fall, R.: Leaf isoprene emission rate as a function of atmospheric CO2 concentration, Global Change Biol., 15, 1189–1200, 2009.
Wilson, K. B., Baldocchi, D. D., and Hanson, P. J.: Quantifying stomatal and non-stomatal limitations to carbon assimilation resulting from leaf aging and drought in mature deciduous tree species, Tree Physiol., 20, 787–797, 2000a.
Wilson, K. B., Baldocchi, D. D., and Hanson, P. J.: Spatial and seasonal variability of photosynthetic parameters and their relationship to leaf nitrogen in a deciduous forest, Tree Physiol., 20, 565–578, 2000b.
Wilson, K. B., Baldocchi, D. D., and Hanson, P. J.: Leaf age affects the seasonal pattern of photosynthetic capacity and net ecosystem exchange of carbon in a deciduous forest, Plant Cell Environ., 24, 571–583, 2001.
Yani, A., Pauly, G., Faye, M., Salin, F., and Gleizes, M.: The effect of a long-term water stress on the metabolism and emission of terpenes of the foliage of Cupressus sempervirens, Plant Cell Environ., 16, 975–981, 1993.
Young, P. J., Arneth, A., Schurgers, G., Zeng, G., and Pyle, J. A.: The CO2 inhibition of terrestrial isoprene emission significantly affects future ozone projections, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 9, 2793–2803, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-2793-2009, 2009.
Zhang, R., Cruz, J. A., Kramer, D. M., Magallanes-Lundback, M. E., DellaPenna, D., and Sharkey, T. D.: Moderate heat stress reduces the pH component of the transthylakoid proton motive force in light-adapted, intact tobacco leaves, Plant Cell Environ., 32, 1538–1547, 2009.
Zhang, R. and Sharkey, T. D.: Photosynthetic electron transport and proton flux under moderate heat stress, Photosynth. Res., 100, 29–43, 2009.
Zimmer, W., Brüggemann, N., Emeis, S., Giersch, C., Lehning, A., Steinbrecher, R., and Schnitzler, J. P.: Process-based modelling of isoprene emission by oak leaves, Plant Cell Environ., 23, 585–595, 2000.