Articles | Volume 16, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1675-2019
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1675-2019
Research article
 | 
24 Apr 2019
Research article |  | 24 Apr 2019

Comprehensive characterization of an aspen (Populus tremuloides) leaf litter sample that maintained ice nucleation activity for 48 years

Yalda Vasebi, Marco E. Mechan Llontop, Regina Hanlon, David G. Schmale III, Russell Schnell, and Boris A. Vinatzer

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AR: Author's response | RR: Referee report | ED: Editor decision
ED: Publish subject to minor revisions (review by editor) (20 Mar 2019) by Kees Jan van Groenigen
AR by Boris Vinatzer on behalf of the Authors (22 Mar 2019)
ED: Publish as is (08 Apr 2019) by Kees Jan van Groenigen
AR by Boris Vinatzer on behalf of the Authors (11 Apr 2019)
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Short summary
Ice nucleation particles (INPs) help ice form at temperatures as high as −4 °C and contribute to the formation of precipitation. Leaf litter contains a high concentration of INPs, but the organisms that produce them are unknown. Here, we cultured two bacteria and one fungus from leaf litter that produce INPs similar to those found in leaf litter. This suggests that leaf litter may be an important habitat of these organisms and supports a role of these organisms as producers of atmospheric INPs.
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