Articles | Volume 15, issue 8
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2325-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2325-2018
© Author(s) 2018. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Physico-chemical and biological factors influencing dinoflagellate cyst production in the Cariaco Basin
School of the Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of South
Carolina, 701 Sumter Street, EWS 617, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, P.O. Box
1700, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
now at: Geological Survey of Canada, 3303 33rd Street NW,
Calgary, AB, T2L 2A7, Canada
Robert C. Thunell
School of the Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of South
Carolina, 701 Sumter Street, EWS 617, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
Vera Pospelova
School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, P.O. Box
1700, STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 2Y2, Canada
James L. Pinckney
School of the Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of South
Carolina, 701 Sumter Street, EWS 617, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine and Coastal Sciences, University
of South Carolina, 700 Sumter Street, EWS 604, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
Oscar E. Romero
MARUM, Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University Bremen,
Leobenerstraße, 28359 Bremen, Germany
Eric J. Tappa
School of the Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of South
Carolina, 701 Sumter Street, EWS 617, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
Related authors
No articles found.
Gerard J. M. Versteegh, Karin A. F. Zonneveld, Jens Hefter, Oscar E. Romero, Gerhard Fischer, and Gesine Mollenhauer
Biogeosciences, 19, 1587–1610, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1587-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1587-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A 5-year record of long-chain mid-chain diol export flux and composition is presented with a 1- to 3-week resolution sediment trap CBeu (in the NW African upwelling). All environmental parameters as well as the diol composition are dominated by the seasonal cycle, albeit with different phase relations for temperature and upwelling. Most diol-based proxies are dominated by upwelling. The long-chain diol index reflects temperatures of the oligotrophic summer sea surface.
Gerhard Fischer, Oscar E. Romero, Johannes Karstensen, Karl-Heinz Baumann, Nasrollah Moradi, Morten Iversen, Götz Ruhland, Marco Klann, and Arne Körtzinger
Biogeosciences, 18, 6479–6500, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6479-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-6479-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Low-oxygen eddies in the eastern subtropical North Atlantic can form an oasis for phytoplankton growth. Here we report on particle flux dynamics at the oligotrophic Cape Verde Ocean Observatory. We observed consistent flux patterns during the passages of low-oxygen eddies. We found distinct flux peaks in late winter, clearly exceeding background fluxes. Our findings suggest that the low-oxygen eddies sequester higher organic carbon than expected for oligotrophic settings.
Oscar E. Romero, Simon Ramondenc, and Gerhard Fischer
Biogeosciences, 18, 1873–1891, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1873-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1873-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Upwelling intensity along NW Africa varies on the interannual to decadal timescale. Understanding its changes is key for the prediction of future changes of CO2 sequestration in the northeastern Atlantic. Based on a multiyear (1988–2009) sediment trap experiment at the site CBmeso, fluxes and the species composition of the diatom assemblage are presented. Our data help in establishing the scientific basis for forecasting and modeling future states of this ecosystem and its decadal changes.
Katharine Hendry, Oscar Romero, and Vanessa Pashley
Clim. Past, 17, 603–614, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-603-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-17-603-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Productive eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUs) are characterized by abundant siliceous algae and diatoms, and they play a key role in carbon fixation. Understanding past shifts in diatom production is critical for predicting the impact of future climate change. We combine existing sediment archives from the Benguela EBU with new diatom isotope analyses and modelling to reconstruct late Quaternary silica cycling, which we suggest depends on both upwelling intensity and surface utilization.
Oscar E. Romero, Karl-Heinz Baumann, Karin A. F. Zonneveld, Barbara Donner, Jens Hefter, Bambaye Hamady, Vera Pospelova, and Gerhard Fischer
Biogeosciences, 17, 187–214, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-187-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-187-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Monitoring of the multiannual evolution of populations representing different trophic levels allows for obtaining insights into the impact of climate variability in marine coastal upwelling ecosystems. By using a multiyear, continuous (1,900 d) sediment trap record, we assess the dynamics and fluxes of calcareous, organic and siliceous microorganisms off Mauritania (NW Africa). The experiment allowed for the recognition of a general sequence of seasonal variations of the main populations.
Fatima Abrantes, Pedro Cermeno, Cristina Lopes, Oscar Romero, Lélia Matos, Jolanda Van Iperen, Marta Rufino, and Vitor Magalhães
Biogeosciences, 13, 4099–4109, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4099-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-4099-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Diatoms are the dominant primary producers of the most productive and best fishing areas of the modern ocean, the coastal upwelling systems. This turns them into important contributors to the biological pump and climate change. To help untangle their response to warming climate, we compare the worldwide diatom sedimentary abundance (SDA) to environmental variables and find that the capacity of diatoms to take up silicic acid sets an upper limit on global export production in these ocean regions.
Gerhard Fischer, Johannes Karstensen, Oscar Romero, Karl-Heinz Baumann, Barbara Donner, Jens Hefter, Gesine Mollenhauer, Morten Iversen, Björn Fiedler, Ivanice Monteiro, and Arne Körtzinger
Biogeosciences, 13, 3203–3223, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3203-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3203-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Particle fluxes at the Cape Verde Ocean Observatory in the eastern tropical North Atlantic for the period December 2009 until May 2011 are discussed based on deep sediment trap time-series data collected at 1290 and 3439 m water depths. The typically open-ocean flux pattern with weak seasonality is modified by the appearance of a highly productive and low oxygen eddy in winter 2010. The eddy passage was accompanied by high biogenic and lithogenic fluxes, lasting from December 2009 to May 2010.
Gerhard Fischer, Oscar Romero, Ute Merkel, Barbara Donner, Morten Iversen, Nico Nowald, Volker Ratmeyer, Götz Ruhland, Marco Klann, and Gerold Wefer
Biogeosciences, 13, 3071–3090, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3071-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-3071-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The studies were initiated to investigate potential changes in the important coastal upwelling system off NW Africa and to evaluate the role of mineral dust for carbon sequestration into the deep ocean. For this purpose, we deployed time series sediment traps in the deep water column off Cape Blanc, Mauritania. A more than two-decadal sediment trap record from this coastal upwelling system is now presented with respect to deep ocean mass fluxes, flux components and their longer term variability.
C. L. McKay, J. Groeneveld, H. L. Filipsson, D. Gallego-Torres, M. J. Whitehouse, T. Toyofuku, and O.E. Romero
Biogeosciences, 12, 5415–5428, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5415-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5415-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We highlight the proxy potential of foraminiferal Mn/Ca determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry and flow-through inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy for recording changes in bottom-water oxygen conditions. Comparisons with Mn sediment bulk measurements from the same sediment core largely agree with the results. High foraminiferal Mn/Ca occurs in samples from times of high productivity export and corresponds with the benthic foraminiferal faunal composition.
O. Cartapanis, K. Tachikawa, O. E. Romero, and E. Bard
Clim. Past, 10, 405–418, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-405-2014, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-10-405-2014, 2014
Related subject area
Paleobiogeoscience: Proxy use, Development & Validation
Biomarker characterization of the North Water Polynya, Baffin Bay: implications for local sea ice and temperature proxies
Technical note: No impact of alkenone extraction on foraminiferal stable isotope, trace element and boron isotope geochemistry
Experimental burial diagenesis of aragonitic biocarbonates: from organic matter loss to abiogenic calcite formation
A modern snapshot of the isotopic composition of lacustrine biogenic carbonates – records of seasonal water temperature variability
Performance of temperature and productivity proxies based on long-chain alkane-1, mid-chain diols at test: a 5-year sediment trap record from the Mauritanian upwelling
Validation of a coupled δ2Hn-alkane–δ18Osugar paleohygrometer approach based on a climate chamber experiment
Experimental production of charcoal morphologies to discriminate fuel source and fire type: an example from Siberian taiga
Toward a global calibration for quantifying past oxygenation in oxygen minimum zones using benthic Foraminifera
Calibration of Mg ∕ Ca and Sr ∕ Ca in coastal marine ostracods as a proxy for temperature
Technical note: Accelerate coccolith size separation via repeated centrifugation
Mg∕Ca, Sr∕Ca and stable isotopes from the planktonic foraminifera T. sacculifer: testing a multi-proxy approach for inferring paleotemperature and paleosalinity
Chemical destaining and the delta correction for blue intensity measurements of stained lake subfossil trees
Modern calibration of Poa flabellata (tussac grass) as a new paleoclimate proxy in the South Atlantic
Seawater pH reconstruction using boron isotopes in multiple planktonic foraminifera species with different depth habitats and their potential to constrain pH and pCO2 gradients
Bottom-water deoxygenation at the Peruvian margin during the last deglaciation recorded by benthic foraminifera
The pH dependency of the boron isotopic composition of diatom opal (Thalassiosira weissflogii)
Benthic foraminifera as tracers of brine production in the Storfjorden “sea ice factory”
Evaluation of bacterial glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether and 2H–18O biomarker proxies along a central European topsoil transect
Leaf wax n-alkane patterns and compound-specific δ13C of plants and topsoils from semi-arid and arid Mongolia
Organic-carbon-rich sediments: benthic foraminifera as bio-indicators of depositional environments
Strong correspondence between nitrogen isotope composition of foliage and chlorin across a rainfall gradient: implications for paleo-reconstruction of the nitrogen cycle
Environmental and biological controls on Na∕Ca ratios in scleractinian cold-water corals
Depth habitat of the planktonic foraminifera Neogloboquadrina pachyderma in the northern high latitudes explained by sea-ice and chlorophyll concentrations
Temporal variability in foraminiferal morphology and geochemistry at the West Antarctic Peninsula: a sediment trap study
Seasonality of archaeal lipid flux and GDGT-based thermometry in sinking particles of high-latitude oceans: Fram Strait (79° N) and Antarctic Polar Front (50° S)
Long-chain diols in settling particles in tropical oceans: insights into sources, seasonality and proxies
Multi-trace-element sea surface temperature coral reconstruction for the southern Mozambique Channel reveals teleconnections with the tropical Atlantic
Oxygen isotope composition of the final chamber of planktic foraminifera provides evidence of vertical migration and depth-integrated growth
Mg ∕ Ca and δ18O in living planktic foraminifers from the Caribbean, Gulf of Mexico and Florida Straits
Manganese incorporation in living (stained) benthic foraminiferal shells: a bathymetric and in-sediment study in the Gulf of Lions (NW Mediterranean)
Effects of light and temperature on Mg uptake, growth, and calcification in the proxy climate archive Clathromorphum compactum
A systematic look at chromium isotopes in modern shells – implications for paleo-environmental reconstructions
Reviews and syntheses: Revisiting the boron systematics of aragonite and their application to coral calcification
Effects of alkalinity and salinity at low and high light intensity on hydrogen isotope fractionation of long-chain alkenones produced by Emiliania huxleyi
Interplay of community dynamics, temperature, and productivity on the hydrogen isotope signatures of lipid biomarkers
Benthic foraminiferal Mn / Ca ratios reflect microhabitat preferences
The effects of environment on Arctica islandica shell formation and architecture
Diatoms as a paleoproductivity proxy in the NW Iberian coastal upwelling system (NE Atlantic)
Factors controlling the depth habitat of planktonic foraminifera in the subtropical eastern North Atlantic
The effect of shell secretion rate on Mg / Ca and Sr / Ca ratios in biogenic calcite as observed in a belemnite rostrum
Carbonate “clumped” isotope signatures in aragonitic scleractinian and calcitic gorgonian deep-sea corals
Examining the provenance of branched GDGTs in the Tagus River drainage basin and its outflow into the Atlantic Ocean over the Holocene to determine their usefulness for paleoclimate applications
Mussel shells of Mytilus edulis as bioarchives of the distribution of rare earth elements and yttrium in seawater and the potential impact of pH and temperature on their partitioning behavior
Fossil invertebrates records in cave sediments and paleoenvironmental assessments – a study of four cave sites from Romanian Carpathians
Testing the D / H ratio of alkenones and palmitic acid as salinity proxies in the Amazon Plume
Technical Note: Towards resolving in situ, centimeter-scale location and timing of biomineralization in calcareous meiobenthos – the calcein–osmotic pump method
A comparison of benthic foraminiferal Mn / Ca and sedimentary Mn / Al as proxies of relative bottom-water oxygenation in the low-latitude NE Atlantic upwelling system
The stable isotopic composition of Daphnia ephippia reflects changes in δ13C and δ18O values of food and water
The contribution of tephra constituents during biogenic silica determination: implications for soil and palaeoecological studies
Seasonal lake surface water temperature trends reflected by heterocyst glycolipid-based molecular thermometers
David J. Harning, Brooke Holman, Lineke Woelders, Anne E. Jennings, and Julio Sepúlveda
Biogeosciences, 20, 229–249, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-229-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-20-229-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
In order to better reconstruct the geologic history of the North Water Polynya, we provide modern validations and calibrations of lipid biomarker proxies in Baffin Bay. We find that sterols, rather than HBIs, most accurately capture the current extent of the North Water Polynya and will be a valuable tool to reconstruct its past presence or absence. Our local temperature calibrations for GDGTs and OH-GDGTs reduce the uncertainty present in global temperature calibrations.
Jessica G. M. Crumpton-Banks, Thomas Tanner, Ivan Hernández Almeida, James W. B. Rae, and Heather Stoll
Biogeosciences, 19, 5633–5644, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5633-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-5633-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Past ocean carbon is reconstructed using proxies, but it is unknown whether preparing ocean sediment for one proxy might damage the data given by another. We have tested whether the extraction of an organic proxy archive from sediment samples impacts the geochemistry of tiny shells also within the sediment. We find no difference in shell geochemistry between samples which come from treated and untreated sediment. This will help us to maximize scientific return from valuable sediment samples.
Pablo Forjanes, María Simonet Roda, Martina Greiner, Erika Griesshaber, Nelson A. Lagos, Sabino Veintemillas-Verdaguer, José Manuel Astilleros, Lurdes Fernández-Díaz, and Wolfgang W. Schmahl
Biogeosciences, 19, 3791–3823, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3791-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-3791-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Aragonitic skeletons are employed to decipher past climate dynamics and environmental change. Unfortunately, the information that these skeletons keep can be destroyed during diagenesis. In this work, we study the first changes undergone by aragonitic skeletons upon hydrothermal alteration. We observe that major changes occur from the very beginning of the alteration, even without mineralogical changes. These results have major implications for the use of these archives to understand the past.
Inga Labuhn, Franziska Tell, Ulrich von Grafenstein, Dan Hammarlund, Henning Kuhnert, and Bénédicte Minster
Biogeosciences, 19, 2759–2777, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2759-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-2759-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
This study presents the isotopic composition of recent biogenic carbonates from several lacustrine species which calcify during different times of the year. The authors demonstrate that when biological offsets are corrected, the dominant cause of differences between species is the seasonal variation in temperature-dependent fractionation of oxygen isotopes. Consequently, such carbonates from lake sediments can provide proxy records of seasonal water temperature changes in the past.
Gerard J. M. Versteegh, Karin A. F. Zonneveld, Jens Hefter, Oscar E. Romero, Gerhard Fischer, and Gesine Mollenhauer
Biogeosciences, 19, 1587–1610, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1587-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-19-1587-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
A 5-year record of long-chain mid-chain diol export flux and composition is presented with a 1- to 3-week resolution sediment trap CBeu (in the NW African upwelling). All environmental parameters as well as the diol composition are dominated by the seasonal cycle, albeit with different phase relations for temperature and upwelling. Most diol-based proxies are dominated by upwelling. The long-chain diol index reflects temperatures of the oligotrophic summer sea surface.
Johannes Hepp, Christoph Mayr, Kazimierz Rozanski, Imke Kathrin Schäfer, Mario Tuthorn, Bruno Glaser, Dieter Juchelka, Willibald Stichler, Roland Zech, and Michael Zech
Biogeosciences, 18, 5363–5380, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5363-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-5363-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Deriving more quantitative climate information like relative air humidity is one of the key challenges in paleostudies. Often only qualitative reconstructions can be done when single-biomarker-isotope data are derived from a climate archive. However, the coupling of hemicellulose-derived sugar with leaf-wax-derived n-alkane isotope results has the potential to overcome this limitation and allow a quantitative relative air humidity reconstruction.
Angelica Feurdean
Biogeosciences, 18, 3805–3821, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3805-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-3805-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
This study characterized the diversity of laboratory-produced charcoal morphological features of various fuel types from Siberia at different temperatures. The results obtained improve the attribution of charcoal particles to fuel types and fire characteristics. This work also provides recommendations for the application of this information to refine the past wildfire history.
Martin Tetard, Laetitia Licari, Ekaterina Ovsepyan, Kazuyo Tachikawa, and Luc Beaufort
Biogeosciences, 18, 2827–2841, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2827-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-2827-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Oxygen minimum zones are oceanic regions almost devoid of dissolved oxygen and are currently expanding due to global warming. Investigation of their past behaviour will allow better understanding of these areas and better prediction of their future evolution. A new method to estimate past [O2] was developed based on morphometric measurements of benthic foraminifera. This method and two other approaches based on foraminifera assemblages and porosity were calibrated using 45 core tops worldwide.
Maximiliano Rodríguez and Christelle Not
Biogeosciences, 18, 1987–2001, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1987-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1987-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Mg/Ca in calcium carbonate shells of marine organisms such as foraminifera and ostracods has been used as a proxy to reconstruct water temperature. Here we provide new Mg/Ca–temperature calibrations for two shallow marine species of ostracods. We show that the water temperature in spring produces the best calibrations, which suggests the potential use of ostracod shells to reconstruct this parameter at a seasonal scale.
Hongrui Zhang, Chuanlian Liu, Luz María Mejía, and Heather Stoll
Biogeosciences, 18, 1909–1916, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1909-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-1909-2021, 2021
Delphine Dissard, Gert Jan Reichart, Christophe Menkes, Morgan Mangeas, Stephan Frickenhaus, and Jelle Bijma
Biogeosciences, 18, 423–439, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-423-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-18-423-2021, 2021
Short summary
Short summary
Results from a data set acquired from living foraminifera T. sacculifer collected from surface waters are presented, allowing us to establish a new Mg/Ca–Sr/Ca–temperature equation improving temperature reconstructions. When combining equations, δ18Ow can be reconstructed with a precision of ± 0.5 ‰, while successive reconstructions involving Mg/Ca and δ18Oc preclude salinity reconstruction with a precision better than ± 1.69. A new direct linear fit to reconstruct salinity could be established.
Feng Wang, Dominique Arseneault, Étienne Boucher, Shulong Yu, Steeven Ouellet, Gwenaëlle Chaillou, Ann Delwaide, and Lily Wang
Biogeosciences, 17, 4559–4570, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4559-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4559-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Wood stain is challenging the use of the blue intensity technique for dendroclimatic reconstructions. Using stained subfossil trees from eastern Canadian lakes, we compared chemical destaining approaches with the
delta bluemathematical correction of blue intensity data. Although no chemical treatment was completely efficient, the delta blue method is unaffected by the staining problem and thus is promising for climate reconstructions based on lake subfossil material.
Dulcinea V. Groff, David G. Williams, and Jacquelyn L. Gill
Biogeosciences, 17, 4545–4557, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4545-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-4545-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Tussock grasses that grow along coastlines of the Falkland Islands are slow to decay and build up thick peat layers over thousands of years. Grass fragments found in ancient peat can be used to reconstruct past climate because grasses can preserve a record of growing conditions in their leaves. We found that modern living tussock grasses in the Falkland Islands reliably record temperature and humidity in their leaves, and the peat they form can be used to understand past climate change.
Maxence Guillermic, Sambuddha Misra, Robert Eagle, Alexandra Villa, Fengming Chang, and Aradhna Tripati
Biogeosciences, 17, 3487–3510, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3487-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3487-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Boron isotope ratios (δ11B) of foraminifera are a promising proxy for seawater pH and can be used to constrain pCO2. In this study, we derived calibrations for new foraminiferal taxa which extend the application of the boron isotope proxy. We discuss the origin of different δ11B signatures in species and also discuss the potential of using multispecies δ11B analyses to constrain vertical pH and pCO2 gradients in ancient water columns to shed light on biogeochemical carbon cycling in the past.
Zeynep Erdem, Joachim Schönfeld, Anthony E. Rathburn, Maria-Elena Pérez, Jorge Cardich, and Nicolaas Glock
Biogeosciences, 17, 3165–3182, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3165-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-3165-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Recent observations from today’s oceans revealed that oxygen concentrations are decreasing, and oxygen minimum zones are expanding together with current climate change. With the aim of understanding past climatic events and their relationship with oxygen content, we looked at the fossils, called benthic foraminifera, preserved in the sediment archives from the Peruvian margin and quantified the bottom-water oxygen content for the last 22 000 years.
Hannah K. Donald, Gavin L. Foster, Nico Fröhberg, George E. A. Swann, Alex J. Poulton, C. Mark Moore, and Matthew P. Humphreys
Biogeosciences, 17, 2825–2837, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2825-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-2825-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
The boron isotope pH proxy is increasingly being used to reconstruct ocean pH in the past. Here we detail a novel analytical methodology for measuring the boron isotopic composition (δ11B) of diatom opal and apply this to the study of the diatom Thalassiosira weissflogii grown in culture over a range of pH. To our knowledge this is the first study of its kind and provides unique insights into the way in which diatoms incorporate boron and their potential as archives of palaeoclimate records.
Eleonora Fossile, Maria Pia Nardelli, Arbia Jouini, Bruno Lansard, Antonio Pusceddu, Davide Moccia, Elisabeth Michel, Olivier Péron, Hélène Howa, and Meryem Mojtahid
Biogeosciences, 17, 1933–1953, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1933-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-1933-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
This study focuses on benthic foraminiferal distribution in an Arctic fjord characterised by continuous sea ice production during winter and the consequent cascading of salty and corrosive waters (brine) to the seabed. The inner fjord is dominated by calcareous species (C). In the central deep basins, where brines are persistent, calcareous foraminifera are dissolved and agglutinated (A) dominate. The high A/C ratio is suggested as a proxy for brine persistence and sea ice production.
Johannes Hepp, Imke Kathrin Schäfer, Verena Lanny, Jörg Franke, Marcel Bliedtner, Kazimierz Rozanski, Bruno Glaser, Michael Zech, Timothy Ian Eglinton, and Roland Zech
Biogeosciences, 17, 741–756, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-741-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-741-2020, 2020
Julian Struck, Marcel Bliedtner, Paul Strobel, Jens Schumacher, Enkhtuya Bazarradnaa, and Roland Zech
Biogeosciences, 17, 567–580, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-567-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-17-567-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
We present leaf wax n-alkanes and their compound-specific (CS) δ13C isotopes from semi-arid and/or arid Mongolia to test their potential for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. Plants and topsoils were analysed and checked for climatic control. Chain-length variations are distinct between grasses and Caragana, which are not biased by climate. However CS δ13C is strongly correlated to climate, so n-alkanes and their CS δ13C show great potential for paleoenvironmental reconstruction in Mongolia.
Elena Lo Giudice Cappelli, Jessica Louise Clarke, Craig Smeaton, Keith Davidson, and William Edward Newns Austin
Biogeosciences, 16, 4183–4199, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4183-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-4183-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Fjords are known sinks of organic carbon (OC); however, little is known about the long-term fate of the OC stored in these sediments. The reason for this knowledge gap is the post-depositional degradation of OC. This study uses benthic foraminifera (microorganisms with calcite shells) to discriminate between post-depositional OC degradation and actual OC burial and accumulation in fjordic sediments, as foraminifera would only preserve the latter information in their assemblage composition.
Sara K. E. Goulden, Naohiko Ohkouchi, Katherine H. Freeman, Yoshito Chikaraishi, Nanako O. Ogawa, Hisami Suga, Oliver Chadwick, and Benjamin Z. Houlton
Biogeosciences, 16, 3869–3882, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3869-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3869-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We investigate whether soil organic compounds preserve information about nitrogen availability to plants. We isolate chlorophyll degradation products in leaves, litter, and soil and explore possible species and climate effects on preservation and interpretation. We find that compound-specific nitrogen isotope measurements in soil have potential as a new tool to reconstruct changes in nitrogen cycling on a landscape over time, avoiding issues that have limited other proxies.
Nicolai Schleinkofer, Jacek Raddatz, André Freiwald, David Evans, Lydia Beuck, Andres Rüggeberg, and Volker Liebetrau
Biogeosciences, 16, 3565–3582, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3565-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3565-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In this study we tried to correlate Na / Ca ratios from cold-water corals with environmental parameters such as salinity, temperature and pH. We do not observe a correlation between Na / Ca ratios and seawater salinity, but we do observe a strong correlation with temperature. Na / Ca data from warm-water corals (Porites spp.) and bivalves (Mytilus edulis) support this correlation, indicating that similar controls on the incorporation of sodium exist in these aragonitic organisms.
Mattia Greco, Lukas Jonkers, Kerstin Kretschmer, Jelle Bijma, and Michal Kucera
Biogeosciences, 16, 3425–3437, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3425-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3425-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
To be able to interpret the paleoecological signal contained in N. pachyderma's shells, its habitat depth must be known. Our investigation on 104 density profiles of this species from the Arctic and North Atlantic shows that specimens reside closer to the surface when sea-ice and/or surface chlorophyll concentrations are high. This is in contrast with previous investigations that pointed at the position of the deep chlorophyll maximum as the main driver of N. pachyderma vertical distribution.
Anna Mikis, Katharine R. Hendry, Jennifer Pike, Daniela N. Schmidt, Kirsty M. Edgar, Victoria Peck, Frank J. C. Peeters, Melanie J. Leng, Michael P. Meredith, Chloe L. C. Jones, Sharon Stammerjohn, and Hugh Ducklow
Biogeosciences, 16, 3267–3282, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3267-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-3267-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Antarctic marine calcifying organisms are threatened by regional climate change and ocean acidification. Future projections of regional carbonate production are challenging due to the lack of historical data combined with complex climate variability. We present a 6-year record of flux, morphology and geochemistry of an Antarctic planktonic foraminifera, which shows that their growth is most sensitive to sea ice dynamics and is linked with the El Niño–Southern Oscillation.
Eunmi Park, Jens Hefter, Gerhard Fischer, Morten Hvitfeldt Iversen, Simon Ramondenc, Eva-Maria Nöthig, and Gesine Mollenhauer
Biogeosciences, 16, 2247–2268, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2247-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-2247-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed GDGT-based proxy temperatures in the polar oceans. In the eastern Fram Strait (79° N), the nutrient distribution may determine the depth habit of Thaumarchaeota and thus the proxy temperature. In the Antarctic Polar Front (50° S), the contribution of Euryarchaeota or the nonlinear correlation between the proxy values and temperatures may cause the warm biases of the proxy temperatures relative to SSTs.
Marijke W. de Bar, Jenny E. Ullgren, Robert C. Thunnell, Stuart G. Wakeham, Geert-Jan A. Brummer, Jan-Berend W. Stuut, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and Stefan Schouten
Biogeosciences, 16, 1705–1727, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1705-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1705-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
We analyzed sediment traps from the Cariaco Basin, the tropical Atlantic and the Mozambique Channel to evaluate seasonal imprints in the concentrations and fluxes of long-chain diols (LDIs), in addition to the long-chain diol index proxy (sea surface temperature proxy) and the diol index (upwelling indicator). Despite significant degradation, LDI-derived temperatures were very similar for the sediment traps and seafloor sediments, and corresponded to annual mean sea surface temperatures.
Jens Zinke, Juan P. D'Olivo, Christoph J. Gey, Malcolm T. McCulloch, J. Henrich Bruggemann, Janice M. Lough, and Mireille M. M. Guillaume
Biogeosciences, 16, 695–712, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-695-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-695-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
Here we report seasonally resolved sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructions for the southern Mozambique Channel in the SW Indian Ocean, a region located along the thermohaline ocean surface circulation route, based on multi-trace-element temperature proxy records preserved in two Porites sp. coral cores for the past 42 years. Particularly, we show the suitability of both separate and combined Sr / Ca and Li / Mg proxies for improved multielement SST reconstructions.
Hilde Pracht, Brett Metcalfe, and Frank J. C. Peeters
Biogeosciences, 16, 643–661, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-643-2019, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-643-2019, 2019
Short summary
Short summary
In palaeoceanography the shells of single-celled foraminifera are routinely used as proxies to reconstruct the temperature, salinity and circulation of the ocean in the past. Traditionally a number of specimens were pooled for a single stable isotope measurement; however, technical advances now mean that a single shell or chamber of a shell can be measured individually. Three different hypotheses regarding foraminiferal biology and ecology were tested using this approach.
Anna Jentzen, Dirk Nürnberg, Ed C. Hathorne, and Joachim Schönfeld
Biogeosciences, 15, 7077–7095, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7077-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-7077-2018, 2018
Shauna Ní Fhlaithearta, Christophe Fontanier, Frans Jorissen, Aurélia Mouret, Adriana Dueñas-Bohórquez, Pierre Anschutz, Mattias B. Fricker, Detlef Günther, Gert J. de Lange, and Gert-Jan Reichart
Biogeosciences, 15, 6315–6328, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6315-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-6315-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
This study looks at how foraminifera interact with their geochemical environment in the seabed. We focus on the incorporation of the trace metal manganese (Mn), with the aim of developing a tool to reconstruct past pore water profiles. Manganese concentrations in foraminifera are investigated relative to their ecological preferences and geochemical environment. This study demonstrates that Mn in foraminiferal tests is a promising tool to reconstruct oxygen conditions in the seabed.
Siobhan Williams, Walter Adey, Jochen Halfar, Andreas Kronz, Patrick Gagnon, David Bélanger, and Merinda Nash
Biogeosciences, 15, 5745–5759, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5745-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-5745-2018, 2018
Robert Frei, Cora Paulukat, Sylvie Bruggmann, and Robert M. Klaebe
Biogeosciences, 15, 4905–4922, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4905-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-4905-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
The reconstruction of paleo-redox conditions of seawater has the potential to link to climatic changes on land and therefore to contribute to our understanding of past climate change. The redox-sensitive chromium isotope system is applied to marine calcifiers in order to characterize isotope offsets that result from vital processes during calcification processes and which can be eventually used in fossil equivalents to reconstruct past seawater compositions.
Thomas M. DeCarlo, Michael Holcomb, and Malcolm T. McCulloch
Biogeosciences, 15, 2819–2834, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2819-2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-15-2819-2018, 2018
Short summary
Short summary
Understanding the mechanisms of coral calcification is limited by the isolation of the calcifying environment. The boron systematics (B / Ca and δ11B) of aragonite have recently been developed as a proxy for the carbonate chemistry of the calcifying fluid, but a variety of approaches have been utilized. We assess the available experimental B / Ca partitioning data and present a computer code for deriving calcifying fluid carbonate chemistry from the boron systematics of coral skeletons.
Gabriella M. Weiss, Eva Y. Pfannerstill, Stefan Schouten, Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté, and Marcel T. J. van der Meer
Biogeosciences, 14, 5693–5704, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5693-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-5693-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Algal-derived compounds allow us to make assumptions about environmental conditions in the past. In order to better understand how organisms record environmental conditions, we grew microscopic marine algae at different light intensities, salinities, and alkalinities in a temperature-controlled environment. We determined how these environmental parameters affected specific algal-derived compounds, especially their relative deuterium content, which seems to be mainly affected by salinity.
S. Nemiah Ladd, Nathalie Dubois, and Carsten J. Schubert
Biogeosciences, 14, 3979–3994, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3979-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3979-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Hydrogen isotopes of lipids provide valuable information about microbial activity, climate, and environmental stress. We show that heavy hydrogen in fatty acids declines from spring to summer in a nutrient-rich and a nutrient-poor lake and that the effect is nearly 3 times as big in the former. This effect is likely a combination of increased biomass from algae, warmer temperatures, and higher algal growth rates.
Karoliina A. Koho, Lennart J. de Nooijer, Christophe Fontanier, Takashi Toyofuku, Kazumasa Oguri, Hiroshi Kitazato, and Gert-Jan Reichart
Biogeosciences, 14, 3067–3082, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3067-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-3067-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Here we report Mn / Ca ratios in living benthic foraminifera from the NE Japan margin. The results show that the Mn incorporation directly reflects the environment where the foraminifera calcify. Foraminifera that live deeper in sediment, under greater redox stress, generally incorporate more Mn into their carbonate skeletons. As such, foraminifera living close to the Mn reduction zone in sediment appear promising tools for paleoceanographic reconstructions of sedimentary redox conditions.
Stefania Milano, Gernot Nehrke, Alan D. Wanamaker Jr., Irene Ballesta-Artero, Thomas Brey, and Bernd R. Schöne
Biogeosciences, 14, 1577–1591, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1577-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1577-2017, 2017
Diana Zúñiga, Celia Santos, María Froján, Emilia Salgueiro, Marta M. Rufino, Francisco De la Granda, Francisco G. Figueiras, Carmen G. Castro, and Fátima Abrantes
Biogeosciences, 14, 1165–1179, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1165-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-1165-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Diatoms are one of the most important primary producers in highly productive coastal regions. Their silicified valves are susceptible to escape from the upper water column and be preserved in the sediment record, and thus are frequently used to reconstruct environmental conditions in the past from sediment cores. Here, we assess how water column diatom’s community in the NW Iberian coastal upwelling system is seasonally transferred from the surface to the seafloor sediments.
Andreia Rebotim, Antje H. L. Voelker, Lukas Jonkers, Joanna J. Waniek, Helge Meggers, Ralf Schiebel, Igaratza Fraile, Michael Schulz, and Michal Kucera
Biogeosciences, 14, 827–859, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-827-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-827-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
Planktonic foraminifera species depth habitat remains poorly constrained and the existing conceptual models are not sufficiently tested by observational data. Here we present a synthesis of living planktonic foraminifera abundance data in the subtropical eastern North Atlantic from vertical plankton tows. We also test potential environmental factors influencing the species depth habitat and investigate yearly or lunar migration cycles. These findings may impact paleoceanographic studies.
Clemens Vinzenz Ullmann and Philip A. E. Pogge von Strandmann
Biogeosciences, 14, 89–97, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-89-2017, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-14-89-2017, 2017
Short summary
Short summary
This study documents how much control growth rate has on the chemical composition of fossil shell material. Using a series of chemical analyses of the fossil hard part of a belemnite, an extinct marine predator, a clear connection between the rate of calcite formation and its magnesium and strontium contents was found. These findings provide further insight into biomineralization processes and help better understand chemical signatures of fossils as proxies for palaeoenvironmental conditions.
Justine Kimball, Robert Eagle, and Robert Dunbar
Biogeosciences, 13, 6487–6505, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6487-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-6487-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Deep-sea corals are a potentially valuable archive of temperature and ocean chemistry. We analyzed clumped isotope signatures (Δ47) in live-collected aragonitic scleractinian and high-Mg calcitic gorgonian deep-sea corals and compared results to published data and found offsets between taxa. The observed patterns in deep-sea corals may record distinct mineral equilibrium signatures due to very slow growth rates, kinetic isotope effects, and/or variable acid digestion fractionation factors.
Lisa Warden, Jung-Hyun Kim, Claudia Zell, Geert-Jan Vis, Henko de Stigter, Jérôme Bonnin, and Jaap S. Sinninghe Damsté
Biogeosciences, 13, 5719–5738, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5719-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-5719-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Enhanced analytical techniques were applied to characterize fossilized microbial cell membrane lipids from samples in the Tagus River basin spanning the last 6000 years. Using the novel methods and calibration, the pH estimates were improved upon, and this study reveals new factors that should be considered when using this proxy as well as affirms the importance of examining the provenance of these lipids before applying them for paleoclimate reconstructions.
A. Ponnurangam, M. Bau, M. Brenner, and A. Koschinsky
Biogeosciences, 13, 751–760, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-751-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-751-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
Our study demonstrates that rare earth elements and yttrium (REY) accumulating in mussel shells emerge as potential proxies for environmental changes. Focusing on pH and temperature variation effects on the distribution of REY in seawater, we show that shells incorporate the free REY3+ species and that decreasing pH leads to increased REY concentrations, while rising temperatures impact the REY distribution pattern with minor effects on the absolute REY concentrations in shells.
O. T. Moldovan, S. Constantin, C. Panaiotu, R. D. Roban, P. Frenzel, and L. Miko
Biogeosciences, 13, 483–497, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-483-2016, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-483-2016, 2016
Short summary
Short summary
The paper presents the results of a fossil invertebrates study in four caves of the Romanian Carpathians, to complement paleoenvironmental data previously reported. Oribatid mites and ostracods are the most common invertebrates in the studied cave sediments. By corroborating the fossil invertebrates' record with the information given by magnetic properties and sediment structures, complementary data on past vegetation, temperatures, and hydraulic regimes could be gathered.
C. Häggi, C. M. Chiessi, and E. Schefuß
Biogeosciences, 12, 7239–7249, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7239-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-7239-2015, 2015
J. M. Bernhard, W. G. Phalen, A. McIntyre-Wressnig, F. Mezzo, J. C. Wit, M. Jeglinski, and H. L. Filipsson
Biogeosciences, 12, 5515–5522, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5515-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5515-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We present an innovative method using osmotic pumps and the fluorescent marker calcein to help identify where and when calcareous bottom-dwelling organisms mineralize in sediments. These organisms, and their geochemical signatures in their carbonate, are the ocean’s storytellers helping us understand past marine conditions. For many species, the timing and location of their calcite growth is not known. Knowing this will enable us to reconstruct past marine environments with greater accuracy.
C. L. McKay, J. Groeneveld, H. L. Filipsson, D. Gallego-Torres, M. J. Whitehouse, T. Toyofuku, and O.E. Romero
Biogeosciences, 12, 5415–5428, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5415-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-5415-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We highlight the proxy potential of foraminiferal Mn/Ca determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry and flow-through inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy for recording changes in bottom-water oxygen conditions. Comparisons with Mn sediment bulk measurements from the same sediment core largely agree with the results. High foraminiferal Mn/Ca occurs in samples from times of high productivity export and corresponds with the benthic foraminiferal faunal composition.
J. Schilder, C. Tellenbach, M. Möst, P. Spaak, M. van Hardenbroek, M. J. Wooller, and O. Heiri
Biogeosciences, 12, 3819–3830, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3819-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3819-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
We show that the stable (C, N, O) isotopic composition of the water flea Daphnia pulicaria is strongly related to that of its diet (C, N) and the water they live in (O). We also show that the stable isotopic composition of the sheaths of Daphnia resting eggs (ephippia) is indicative of the isotopic composition of Daphnia that produced them. This implies that stable isotope ratios of fossil Daphnia ephippia can provide information on past ecological and climatic developments in and around lakes.
W. Clymans, L. Barão, N. Van der Putten, S. Wastegård, G. Gísladóttir, S. Björck, B. Moine, E. Struyf, and D. J. Conley
Biogeosciences, 12, 3789–3804, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3789-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3789-2015, 2015
Short summary
Short summary
Biogenic silica (BSi) is used as a proxy by soil scientists to identify biological effects on the Si cycle and by palaeoecologists to study environmental changes. We show the presence of tephra constituents can make measurements erroneous at low BSi concentrations, with repercussions for soil and palaeoecological studies. However, we also show that glass shards do not produce an identical dissolution signal to that of BSi, meaning they can be distinguished with appropriate experimental setups.
T. Bauersachs, J. Rochelmeier, and L. Schwark
Biogeosciences, 12, 3741–3751, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3741-2015, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-12-3741-2015, 2015
Cited articles
Alvera-Azcárate, A., Barth, A., and Weisberg, R. H.: A nested model of the Cariaco Basin (Venezuela): description of the basin's interior hydrography and interactions with the open ocean, Ocean Dynam., 59, 97–120, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10236-008-0169-y, 2009.
Antoine, D., André, J. M., and Morel, A.: Oceanic primary production. 2. Estimation at global scale from satellite (coastal zone color scanner) chlorophyll, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 10, 57–69, https://doi.org/10.1029/95gb02832, 1996.
Astor, Y., Müller-Karger, F., and Scranton, M. I.: Seasonal and interannual variation in the hydrography of the Cariaco Basin: Implications for basin ventilation, Cont. Shelf Res., 23, 125–144, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0278-4343(02)00130-9, 2003.
Astor, Y. M., Lorenzoni, L., Thunell, R., Varela, R., Müller-Karger, F., Troccoli, L., Taylor, G. T., Scranton, M. I., Tappa, E., and Rueda, D.: Interannual variability in sea surface temperature and fCO2 changes in the Cariaco Basin, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 93, 33–43, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.01.002, 2013.
Black, D. E., Peterson, L. C., Overpeck, J. T., Kaplan, A., Evans, M. N., and Kashgarian, M.: Eight centuries of North Atlantic ocean atmosphere variability, Science, 286, 1709–1713, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.286.5445.1709, 1999.
Black, D. E., Abahazi, M. A., Thunell, R. C., Kaplan, A., Tappa, E. J., and Peterson, L. C.: An 8-century tropical Atlantic SST record from the Cariaco Basin: Baseline variability, twentieth-century warming, and Atlantic hurricane frequency, Paleoceanography, 22, PA4204, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007pa001427, 2007.
Bograd, S. J. and Lynn, R. J.: Physical-biological coupling in the California Current during the 1997–99 El Niño-La Niña cycle, Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 275–278, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000gl012047, 2001.
Bout-Roumazeilles, V., Riboulleau, A., du Chatelet, E. A., Lorenzoni, L., Tribovillard, N., Murray, R. W., Müller-Karger, F., and Astor, Y. M.: Clay mineralogy of surface sediments as a tool for deciphering river contributions to the Cariaco Basin (Venezuela), J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 118, 750–761, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgrc.20079, 2013.
Bringué, M., Pospelova, V., and Pak, D.: Seasonal production of organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts in an upwelling system: A sediment trap study from the Santa Barbara Basin, California, Mar. Micropaleontol., 100, 34–51, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2013.03.007, 2013.
Bringué, M., Pospelova, V., and Field, D. B.: High resolution sedimentary record of dinoflagellate cysts reflects decadal variability and 20th century warming in the Santa Barbara Basin, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 105, 86–101, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2014.09.022, 2014.
Bringué, M., Pospelova, V., Calvert, S. E., Enkin, R. J., Lacourse, T., and Ivanochko, T.: High resolution dinoflagellate cyst record of environmental change in Effingham Inlet (British Columbia, Canada) over the last millennium, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 441, 787–810, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.10.026, 2016.
Calbet, A.: The trophic roles of microzooplankton in marine systems, ICES J. Mar. Sci., 65, 325–331, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsn013, 2008.
Calvert, S. E., Piper, D. Z., Thunell, R. C., and Astor, Y.: Elemental settling and burial fluxes in the Cariaco Basin, Mar. Chem., 177, 607–629, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2015.10.001, 2015.
Dale, A. L. and Dale, B.: Dinoflagellate contributions to the sediment flux of the Nordic seas, in: Dinoflagellate Contributions to the Deep Sea, edited by: Honjo, S., Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 45–75, 1992.
Dale, B.: Dinoflagellate contributions to the open ocean sediment flux, in: Dinoflagellate Contributions to the Deep Sea, edited by: Honjo, S., Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1–32, 1992.
Dale, B.: Dinoflagellate cyst ecology: Modeling and geological applications, in: Palynology: Principles and Applications, edited by: Jansonius, J. and McGregor, D. C., AASP Foundation, Salt Lake City, UT, 1249–1275, 1996.
Dale, B.: Eutrophication signals in the sedimentary record of dinoflagellate cysts in coastal waters, J. Sea Res., 61, 103–113, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seares.2008.06.007, 2009.
Dale, B., Montresor, M., Zingone, A., and Zonneveld, K.: The cyst-motile stage relationships of the dinoflagellates Diplopelta symmetrica and Diplopsalopsis latipeltata, Eur. J. Phycol., 28, 129–137, https://doi.org/10.1080/09670269300650211, 1993.
Dale, B., Dale, A. L., and Jansen, J. H. F.: Dinoflagellate cysts as environmental indicators in surface sediments from the Congo deep-sea fan and adjacent regions, Palaeogeogr. Palaeocl., 185, 309–338, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0031-0182(02)00380-2, 2002.
Deuser, W. G.: Cariaco Trench – Oxidation of organic matter and residence time of anoxic water, Nature, 242, 601–603, https://doi.org/10.1038/242601b0, 1973.
de Vernal, A., Henry, M., Matthiessen, J., Mudie, P. J., Rochon, A., Boessenkool, K. P., Eynaud, F., Grøsfjeld, K., Guiot, J., Hamel, D., Harland, R., Head, M. J., Kunz-Pirrung, M., Levac, E., Loucheur, V., Peyron, O., Pospelova, V., Radi, T., Turon, J. L., and Voronina, E.: Dinoflagellate cyst assemblages as tracers of sea-surface conditions in the northern North Atlantic, Arctic and sub-Arctic seas: The new “n = 677” data base and its application for quantitative palaeoceanographic reconstruction, J. Quaternary Sci., 16, 681–698, 2001.
Ellegaard, M. and Moestrup, O.: Fine structure of the flagellar apparatus and morphological details of Gymnodinium nolleri sp. nov. (Dinophyceae), an unarmored dinoflagellate producing a microreticulate cyst, Phycologia, 38, 289–300, https://doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-38-4-289.1, 1999.
Ellegaard, M., Dale, B., Mertens, K. N., Pospelova, V., and Ribeiro, S.: Dinoflagellate cysts as proxies for Holocene and recent environmental change in estuaries: Diversity, abundance and morphology, in: Applications of Paleoenvironmental Techniques in Estuarine Studies, Developments in Paleoenvironmental Research 20, edited by: Weckström, K., Saunders, K., Gell, P., and Skilbeck, G., Springer, Berlin, Germany, 295–312, 2017.
Elmore, A. C., Thunell, R. C., Styles, R., Black, D., Murray, R. W., Martinez, N., and Astor, Y.: Quantifying the seasonal variations in fluvial and eolian sources of terrigenous material to Cariaco Basin, Venezuela, J. S. Am. Earth Sci., 27, 197–210, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2008.11.002, 2009.
Enfield, D. B. and Mayer, D. A.: Tropical Atlantic sea surface temperature variability and its relation to El Niño-Southern Oscillation, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 102, 929–945, https://doi.org/10.1029/96jc03296, 1997.
Foreman, M. G. G., Lee, D. K., Morrison, J., Macdonald, S., Barnes, D., and Williams, I. V.: Simulations and retrospective analyses of Fraser watershed flows and temperatures, Atmosphere-Ocean, 39, 89–105, 2001.
Fujii, R. and Matsuoka, K.: Seasonal change of dinoflagellates cyst flux collected in a sediment trap in Omura Bay, West Japan, J. Plankton Res., 28, 131–147, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbi106, 2006.
Giannini, A., Cane, M. A., and Kushnir, Y.: Interdecadal changes in the ENSO teleconnection to the Caribbean region and the North Atlantic Oscillation, J. Climate, 14, 2867–2879, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<2867:icitet>2.0.co;2, 2001.
Goñi, M. A., Aceves, H. L., Thunell, R. C., Tappa, E., Black, D., Astor, Y., Varela, R., and Müller-Karger, F.: Biogenic fluxes in the Cariaco Basin: A combined study of sinking particulates and underlying sediments, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 50, 781–807, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0967-0637(03)00060-8, 2003.
Goñi, M. A., Aceves, H., Benitez-Nelson, B., Tappa, E., Thunell, R., Black, D. E., Müller-Karger, F., Astor, Y., and Varela, R.: Oceanographic and climatologic controls on the compositions and fluxes of biogenic materials in the water column and sediments of the Cariaco Basin over the late Holocene, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 56, 614–640, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2008.11.010, 2009.
González, C., Dupont, L. M., Mertens, K., and Wefer, G.: Reconstructing marine productivity of the Cariaco Basin during Marine Isotope Stages 3 and 4 using organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts, Paleoceanography, 23, PA3215, https://doi.org/10.1029/2008pa001602, 2008.
Gordon, A. L.: Circulation in the Caribbean Sea, J. Geophys. Res., 72, 6207–6223, https://doi.org/10.1029/JZ072i024p06207, 1967.
Harland, R. and Pudsey, C. J.: Dinoflagellate cysts from sediment traps deployed in the Bellingshausen, Weddell and Scotia seas, Antarctica, Mar. Micropaleontol., 37, 77–99, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0377-8398(99)00016-x, 1999.
Harland, R., Nordberg, K., and Robijn, A.: Latest Holocene dinoflagellate cyst records from the west coast of Sweden and their impact on the interpretation of environmental change, Biological and Geological Perspectives of Dinoflagellates, edited by: Lewis, J. M., Marret, F., and Bradley, L. R., 43–54, 2013.
Head, M. J.: Modern dinoflagellate cysts and their biological affinities, in: Palynology: Principles and Applications, edited by: Jansonius, J. and McGregor, D. C., AASP Foundation, Salt Lake City, UT, 1197–1248, 1996.
Head, M. J.: Echinidinium zonneveldiae sp. nov., a dinoflagellate cyst from the late Pleistocene of the Baltic sea, northern Europe, J. Micropalaeontol., 21, 169–173, 2002.
Heikkilä, M., Pospelova, V., Hochheim, K. P., Kuzyk, Z. Z. A., Stern, G. A., Barber, D. G., and Macdonald, R. W.: Surface sediment dinoflagellate cysts from the Hudson Bay system and their relation to freshwater and nutrient cycling, Mar. Micropaleontol., 106, 79–109, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2013.12.002, 2014.
Heikkilä, M., Pospelova, V., Forest, A., Stern, G. A., Fortier, L., and Macdonald, R. W.: Dinoflagellate cyst production over an annual cycle in seasonally ice-covered Hudson Bay, Mar. Micropaleontol., 125, 1–24, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2016.02.005, 2016.
Ho, T. Y., Scranton, M. I., Taylor, G. T., Varela, R., Thunell, R. C., and Müller-Karger, F.: Acetate cycling in the water column of the Cariaco Basin: Seasonal and vertical variability and implication for carbon cycling, Limnol. Oceanogr., 47, 1119–1128, 2002.
Honjo, S. and Doherty, K. W.: Large aperture time-series sediment traps – Design objectives, construction and application, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. A, 35, 133–149, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(88)90062-3, 1988.
Howe, J. A., Harland, R., Cottier, F. R., Brand, T., Willis, K. J., Berge, J. R., Grøsfjeld, K., and Eriksson, A.: Dinoflagellate cysts as proxies for palaeoceanographic conditions in Arctic fjords, Fjord Systems and Archives, 344, 61–74, https://doi.org/10.1144/sp344.6, 2010.
Huffman, G. J., Bolvin, D. T., and Adler, R. F.: GPCP Version 1.2 One-Degree Daily Precipitation Data Set, in, Research Data Archive at the National Center for Atmospheric Research, Computational and Information Systems Laboratory, Boulder, CO, 2016.
Hughen, K. A., Overpeck, J. T., Peterson, L. C., and Trumbore, S.: Rapid climate changes in the tropical Atlantic region during the last deglaciation, Nature, 380, 51–54, https://doi.org/10.1038/380051a0, 1996.
Hughen, K. A., Southon, J. R., Lehman, S. J., and Overpeck, J. T.: Synchronous radiocarbon and climate shifts during the last deglaciation, Science, 290, 1951–1954, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5498.1951, 2000.
Jacobson, D. M. and Anderson, D. M.: Widespread phagocytosis of ciliates and other protists by marine mixotrophic and heterotrophic thecate dinoflagellates, J. Phycol., 32, 279–285, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-3646.1996.00279.x, 1996.
Jeong, H. J.: The ecological roles of heterotrophic dinoflagellates in marine planktonic community, J. Eukaryot. Microbiol., 46, 390–396, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1999.tb04618.x, 1999.
Jeong, H. J., Yoo, Y. D., Kim, J. S., Seong, K. A., Kang, N. S., and Kim, T. H.: Growth, feeding and ecological roles of the mixotrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellates in marine planktonic food webs, Ocean Sci. J., 45, 65–91, 2010.
Kawami, H. and Matsuoka, K.: A new cyst-theca relationship for Protoperidinium parthenopes Zingone & Montresor 1988 (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae), Palynology, 33, 11–18, 2009.
Krepakevich, A. and Pospelova, V.: Tracing the influence of sewage discharge on coastal bays of southern Vancouver Island (BC, Canada) using sedimentary records of phytoplankton, Cont. Shelf Res., 30, 1924–1940, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2010.09.002, 2010.
Kudela, R. M. and Gobler, C. J.: Harmful dinoflagellate blooms caused by Cochlodinium sp.: Global expansion and ecological strategies facilitating bloom formation, Harmful Algae, 14, 71–86, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2011.10.015, 2012.
Lange, C. B., Weinheimer, A. L., Reid, F. M. H., Tappa, E., and Thunell, R. C.: Response of siliceous microplankton from the Santa Barbara Basin to the 1997–98 El Niño event, California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations Reports, 41, 186–193, 2000.
Lentin, J. K. and Williams, G. L.: Fossil dinoflagellates: Index to genera and species, AASP Contribution Series, Dallas, TX, 856 pp., 1993.
Lepš, J. and Šmilauer, P.: Multivariate analysis of ecological data using Canoco™, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, p. 283, 2003.
Li, Z., Han, M.-S., Matsuoka, K., Kim, S.-Y., and Shin, H. H.: Identification of the resting cyst of Cochlodinium polykrikoides Margalef (Dinophyceae, Gymnodiniales) in Korean coastal sediments, J. Phycol., 51, 204–210, https://doi.org/10.1111/jpy.12252, 2015.
Limoges, A., Kielt, J. F., Radi, T., Ruiz-Fernandez, A. C., and de Vernal, A.: Dinoflagellate cyst distribution in surface sediments along the south-western Mexican coast (14.76° N to 24.75° N), Marine Micropaleontology, 76, 104–123, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2010.06.003, 2010.
Liu, T. T., Mertens, K. N., Ribeiro, S., Ellegaard, M., Matsuoka, K., and Gu, H. F.: Cyst-theca relationships and phylogenetic positions of Peridiniales (Dinophyceae) with two anterior intercalary plates, with description of Archaeperidinium bailongense sp. nov. and Protoperidinium fuzhouense sp. nov., Phycol. Res., 63, 134–151, https://doi.org/10.1111/pre.12081, 2015.
Lorenzoni, L., Hu, C. M., Varela, R., Arias, G., Guzman, L., and Müller-Karger, F.: Bio-optical characteristics of Cariaco Basin (Caribbean Sea) waters, Cont. Shelf Res., 31, 582–593, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2010.12.013, 2011.
Maher, L. J.: Statistics for microfossil concentration measurements employing samples spiked with marker grains, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno., 32, 153–191, https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(81)90002-6, 1981.
Margalef, R.: Hidrografía y fitoplancton de un área marina de la costa meridional de Puerto Rico, Investigación Perquera, 18, 33–96, 1961.
Marshall, B. J., Thunell, R. C., Henehan, M. J., Astor, Y., and Wejnert, K. E.: Planktonic foraminiferal area density as a proxy for carbonate ion concentration: A calibration study using the Cariaco Basin ocean time series, Paleoceanography, 28, 363–376, https://doi.org/10.1002/palo.20034, 2013.
Matsuoka, K.: Eutrophication process recorded in dinoflagellate cyst assemblages – A case of Yokohama port, Tokyo Bay, Japan, Sci. Total Environ., 231, 17–35, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0048-9697(99)00087-x, 1999.
Matsuoka, K. and Iwataki, M.: Present status in study on a harmful unarmored dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides Margalef, Bulletin of the Plankton Society of Japan, 51, 38–45, 2004.
Matsuoka, K., Kobayashi, S., and Gains, G.: A new species of the genus Ensiculifera (Dinophyceae); its cyst and motile forms, Bulletin of Plankton Society of Japan, 37, 127–144, 1990.
Matsuoka, K., Kawami, H., Fujii, R., and Iwataki, M.: Further examination of the cyst-theca relationship of Protoperidinium thulesense (Peridiniales, Dinophyceae) and the phylogenetic significance of round brown cysts, Phycologia, 45, 632–641, https://doi.org/10.2216/05-42.1, 2006.
Matsuoka, K., Kawami, H., Nagai, S., Iwataki, M., and Takayama, H.: Re-examination of cyst-motile relationships of Polykrikos kofoidii Chatton and Polykrikos schwartzii Butschli (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae), Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno., 154, 79–90, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2008.12.013, 2009.
Mertens, K. N., González, C., Delusina, I., and Louwye, S.: 30 000 years of productivity and salinity variations in the Late Quaternary Cariaco Basin revealed by dinoflagellate cysts, Boreas, 38, 647–662, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.2009.00095.x, 2009a.
Mertens, K. N., Verhoeven, K., Verleye, T., Louwye, S., Amorim, A., Ribeiro, S., Deaf, A. S., Harding, I. C., De Schepper, S., Gonzalez, C., Kodrans-Nsiah, M., De Vernal, A., Henry, M., Radi, T., Dybkjaer, K., Poulsen, N. E., Feist-Burkhardt, S., Chitolie, J., Heilmann-Clausen, C., Londeix, L., Turon, J. L., Marret, F., Matthiessen, J., McCarthy, F. M. G., Prasad, V., Pospelova, V., Hughes, J. E. K., Riding, J. B., Rochon, A., Sangiorgi, F., Welters, N., Sinclair, N., Thun, C., Soliman, A., Van Nieuwenhove, N., Vink, A., and Young, M.: Determining the absolute abundance of dinoflagellate cysts in recent marine sediments: The Lycopodium marker-grain method put to the test, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno., 157, 238–252, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2009.05.004, 2009b.
Mertens, K. N., Price, A. M., and Pospelova, V.: Determining the absolute abundance of dinoflagellate cysts in recent marine sediments II: Further tests of the Lycopodium marker-grain method, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno., 184, 74–81, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2012.06.012, 2012.
Mertens, K. N., Yamaguchi, A., Takano, Y., Pospelova, V., Head, M. J., Radi, T., Piénkowski, A. J., de Vernal, A., Kawami, H., and Matsuoka, K.: A new heterotrophic dinoflagellate from the Northeastern Pacific, Protoperidinium fukuyoi: Cyst–theca relationship, phylogeny, distribution and ecology, J. Eukaryot. Microbiol., 60, 545–563, https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12058, 2013.
Montes, E., Thunell, R., Müller-Karger, F. E., Lorenzoni, L., Tappa, E., Troccoli, L., Astor, Y., and Varela, R.: Sources of δ15N variability in sinking particulate nitrogen in the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 93, 96–107, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.01.006, 2013.
Morquecho, L. and Lechuga-Devéze, C. H.: Seasonal occurrence of planktonic dinoflagellates and cyst production in relationship to environmental variables in subtropical Bahia Concepción, Gulf of California, Bot. Mar., 47, 313–322, https://doi.org/10.1515/bot.2004.037, 2004.
Morrison, J. M. and Smith, O. P.: Geostrophic transport variability along the Aves Ridge in the eastern Caribbean Sea during 1985–1986, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 95, 699–710, https://doi.org/10.1029/JC095iC01p00699, 1990.
Mortlock, R. A. and Froelich, P. N.: A simple method for the rapid determination of biogenic opal in pelagic marine sediments, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. A, 36, 1415–1426, https://doi.org/10.1016/0198-0149(89)90092-7, 1989.
Müller-Karger, F. and Castro, R. A.: Mesoscale processes affecting phytoplankton abundance in the southern Caribbean Sea, Cont. Shelf Res., 14, 199–221, 1994.
Müller-Karger, F. E., McClain, C. R., Fisher, T. R., Esaias, W. E., and Varela, R.: Pigment distribution in the Caribbean Sea: Observations from space, Prog. Oceanogr., 23, 23–64, https://doi.org/10.1016/0079-6611(89)90024-4, 1989.
Müller-Karger, F., Varela, R., Thunell, R., Scranton, M., Bohrer, R., Taylor, G., Capelo, J., Astor, Y., Tappa, E., Ho, T. Y., and Walsh, J. J.: Annual cycle of primary production in the Cariaco Basin: Response to upwelling and implications for vertical export, J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans, 106, 4527–4542, https://doi.org/10.1029/1999jc000291, 2001.
Müller-Karger, F., Varela, R., Thunell, R., Astor, Y., Zhang, H. Y., Luerssen, R., and Hu, C. M.: Processes of coastal upwelling and carbon flux in the Cariaco Basin, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 51, 927–943, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2003.10.010, 2004.
Naustvoll, L. J.: Prey size spectra and food preferences in thecate heterotrophic dinoflagellates, Phycologia, 39, 187–198, https://doi.org/10.2216/i0031-8884-39-3-187.1, 2000.
Nelson, D. M., Tréguer, P., Brzezinski, M. A., Leynaert, A., and Quéguiner, B.: Production and dissolution of biogenic silica in the ocean – Revised global estimates, comparison with regional data and relationship to biogenic sedimentation, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 9, 359–372, https://doi.org/10.1029/95gb01070, 1995.
Osterman, D., Karbott, D., and Curry, W.: Automated system to measure the carbonate concentration of sediments, Woods Hole Oceanogr. Inst., Woods Hole, Mass., 1990.
Peterson, L. C., Overpeck, J. T., Kipp, N. G., and Imbrie, J.: A high-resolution Late Quaternary upwelling record from the anoxic Cariaco Basin, Venezuela, Paleoceanography, 6, 99–119, https://doi.org/10.1029/90pa02497, 1991.
Peterson, L. C., Haug, G. H., Hughen, K. A., and Rohl, U.: Rapid changes in the hydrologic cycle of the tropical Atlantic during the last glacial, Science, 290, 1947–1951, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.290.5498.1947, 2000.
Pinckney, J. L., Benitez-Nelson, C. R., Thunell, R. C., Müller-Karger, F., Lorenzoni, L., Troccoli, L., and Varela, R.: Phytoplankton community structure and depth distribution changes in the Cariaco Basin between 1996 and 2010, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 101, 27–37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2015.03.004, 2015.
Pitcher, G. C. and Joyce, L. B.: Dinoflagellate cyst production on the southern Namaqua shelf of the Benguela upwelling system, J. Plankton Res., 31, 865–875, https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/fbp040, 2009.
Pospelova, V. and Kim, S. J.: Dinoflagellate cysts in recent estuarine sediments from aquaculture sites of southern South Korea, Mar. Micropaleontol., 76, 37–51, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2010.04.003, 2010.
Pospelova, V., Chmura, G. L., Boothman, W. S., and Latimer, J. S.: Spatial distribution of modern dinoflagellate cysts in polluted estuarine sediments from Buzzards Bay (Massachusetts, USA) embayments, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 292, 23–40, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps292023, 2005.
Pospelova, V., de Vernal, A., and Pedersen, T. F.: Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments from the northeastern Pacific Ocean (43–25° N) in relation to sea-surface temperature, salinity, productivity and coastal upwelling, Mar. Micropaleontol., 68, 21–48, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2008.01.008, 2008.
Pospelova, V., Esenkulova, S., Johannessen, S. C., O'Brien, M. C., and Macdonald, R. W.: Organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst production, composition and flux from 1996 to 1998 in the central Strait of Georgia (BC, Canada): A sediment trap study, Mar. Micropaleontol., 75, 17–37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2010.02.003, 2010.
Pospelova, V., Price, A. M., and Pedersen, T. F.: Palynological evidence for late quaternary climate and marine primary productivity changes along the California margin, Paleoceanography, 30, 877–894, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014pa002728, 2015.
Pospelova, V., Zonneveld, K. A. F., Heikkilä, M., Bringué, M., Price A. M., and Matsuoka, K.: Seasonality in Spiniferites cyst production: A review of sediment trap studies, Palynology, https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2018.1465738, online first, 2018.
Prebble, J. G., Crouch, E. M., Carter, L., Cortese, G., and Nodder, S. D.: Dinoflagellate cysts from two sediment traps east of New Zealand, Mar. Micropaleontol., 104, 25–37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2013.08.003, 2013.
Price, A. M. and Pospelova, V.: High-resolution sediment trap study of organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst production and biogenic silica flux in Saanich Inlet (BC, Canada), Mar. Micropaleontol., 80, 18–43, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2011.03.003, 2011.
Price, A. M., Gurdebeke, P. R., Mertens, K. N., and Pospelova, V.: Determining the absolute abundance of dinoflagellate cysts in recent marine sediments III: Identifying the source of Lycopodium loss during palynological processing and further testing of the Lycopodium marker-grain method, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno., 226, 78–90, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2015.12.009, 2016.
Radi, T. and de Vernal, A.: Dinocysts as proxy of primary productivity in mid-high latitudes of the northern hemisphere, Mar. Micropaleontol., 68, 84–114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2008.01.012, 2008.
Ragueneau, O., Treguer, P., Leynaert, A., Anderson, R. F., Brzezinski, M. A., DeMaster, D. J., Dugdale, R. C., Dymond, J., Fischer, G., Francois, R., Heinze, C., Maier-Reimer, E., Martin-Jezequel, V., Nelson, D. M., and Queguiner, B.: A review of the Si cycle in the modem ocean: Recent progress and missing gaps in the application of biogenic opal as a paleoproductivity proxy, Global Planet. Change, 26, 317–365, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0921-8181(00)00052-7, 2000.
Reid, P. C.: Peridiniacean and Glenodiniacean dinoflagellate cysts from the British isles, Nova Hedwigia, 29, 429–463, 1977.
Ribeiro, S. and Amorim, A.: Environmental drivers of temporal succession in recent dinoflagellate cyst assemblages from a coastal site in the North-East Atlantic (Lisbon Bay, Portugal), Mar. Micropaleontol., 68, 156–178, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2008.01.013, 2008.
Richards, F. A.: The Cariaco Basin (Trench), Oceanogr. Mar. Biol., 13, 11–67, 1975.
Richards, F. A. and Vaccaro, R. F.: The Cariaco Trench, an anaerobic basin in the Caribbean Sea, Deep-Sea Res., 3, 214–228, https://doi.org/10.1016/0146-6313(56)90005-3, 1956.
Rochon, A., de Vernal, A., Turon, J. L., Matthiessen, J., and Head, M. J.: Distribution of recent dinoflagellate cysts in surface sediments from the North Atlantic Ocean and adjacent seas in relation to sea-surface parameters. Contribution series no. 35, American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation, Dallas, TX, 152 pp., 1999.
Romero, O. E., Thunell, R. C., Astor, Y., and Varela, R.: Seasonal and interannual dynamics in diatom production in the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 56, 571–581, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2008.12.005, 2009.
Royer, T. C.: Hydrographic responses at a coastal site in the northern Gulf of Alaska to seasonal and interannual forcing, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 52, 267–288, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2004.09.022, 2005.
Rueda-Roa, D. T.: On the spatial and temporal variability of upwelling in the southern Caribbean Sea and its influence on the ecology of phytoplankton and of the Spanish sardine (Sardinella aurita), PhD, Marine Science, University of South Florida, p. 167, 2012.
Rueda-Roa, D. T. and Müller-Karger, F. E.: The southern Caribbean upwelling system: Sea surface temperature, wind forcing and chlorophyll concentration patterns, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. I, 78, 102–114, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2013.04.008, 2013.
Sherr, E. B. and Sherr, B. F.: Heterotrophic dinoflagellates: A significant component of microzooplankton biomass and major grazers of diatoms in the sea, Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 352, 187–197, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps07161, 2007.
Shin, H. H., Park, J. S., Kim, Y. O., Baek, S. H., Lim, D., and Yoon, Y. H.: Dinoflagellate cyst production and flux in Gamak Bay, Korea: A sediment trap study, Mar.Micropaleontol., 94–95, 72–79, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2012.06.005, 2012.
Shipe, R. F., Passow, U., Brzezinski, M. A., Graham, W. M., Pak, D. K., Siegel, D. A., and Alldredge, A. L.: Effects of the 1997–98 El Niño on seasonal variations in suspended and sinking particles in the Santa Barbara Basin, Prog. Oceanogr., 54, 105–127, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0079-6611(02)00045-9, 2002.
Smayda, T. J. and Trainer, V. L.: Dinoflagellate blooms in upwelling systems: Seeding, variability, and contrasts with diatom bloom behaviour, Prog. Oceanogr., 85, 92–107, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2010.02.006, 2010.
Stockmarr, J.: Tablets with spores used in absolute pollen analysis, Pollen et Spores, 13, 616–621, 1971.
Susek, E., Zonneveld, K. A. F., Fischer, G., Versteegh, G. J. M., and Willems, H.: Organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst production in relation to upwelling intensity and lithogenic influx in the Cape Blanc region (off north-west Africa), Phycol. Res., 53, 97–112, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1835.2005.tb00362.x, 2005.
Taylor, F. J. R.: The biology of dinoflagellates, Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, 785 pp., 1987.
Taylor, G. T., Müller-Karger, F. E., Thunell, R. C., Scranton, M. I., Astor, Y., Varela, R., Ghinaglia, L. T., Lorenzoni, L., Fanning, K. A., Hameed, S., and Doherty, O.: Ecosystem responses in the southern Caribbean Sea to global climate change, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 109, 19315–19320, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1207514109, 2012.
ter Braak, C. J. F. and Šmilauer, P.: CANOCO reference manual and CanoDraw for windows user's guide. Software for canonical community ordination (version 4.5). Microcomputer power, Ithaca, NY, 500 pp., 2002.
Thunell, R. C., Varela, R., Llano, M., Collister, J., Müller-Karger, F., and Bohrer, R.: Organic carbon fluxes, degradation, and accumulation in an anoxic basin: Sediment trap results from the Cariaco Basin, Limnol. Oceanogr., 45, 300–308, 2000.
Thunell, R., Benitez-Nelson, C., Varela, R., Astor, Y., and Müller-Karger, F.: Particulate organic carbon fluxes along upwelling-dominated continental margins: Rates and mechanisms, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 21, GB1022, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006gb002793, 2007.
Thunell, R., Benitez-Nelson, C., Müller-Karger, F., Lorenzoni, L., Fanning, K., Scranton, M., Varela, R., and Astor, Y.: Si cycle in the Cariaco Basin, Venezuela: Seasonal variability in silicate availability and the Si : C : N composition of sinking particles, Global Biogeochem. Cy., 22, GB4001, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007gb003096, 2008.
Verleye, T. J., Pospelova, V., Mertens, K. N., and Louwye, S.: The geographical distribution and (palaeo)ecology of Selenopemphix undulata sp. nov., a new late Quaternary dinoflagellate cyst from the pacific ocean, Mar. Micropaleontol., 78, 65–83, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marmicro.2010.10.001, 2011.
Wall, D.: Fossil microplankton in deep-sea cores from the Caribbean Sea, Paleontology, 10, 95–123, 1967.
Wall, D. and Dale, B.: “Living fossils” in western Atlantic plankton, Nature, 211, 1025–1026, https://doi.org/10.1038/2111025a0, 1966.
Wall, D. and Dale, B.: Modern dinoflagellate cysts and evolution of the Peridiniales, Micropaleontology, 14, 265–304, https://doi.org/10.2307/1484690, 1968.
Wall, D. and Dale, B.: The “hystricosphaerid” resting spore of the dinoflagellate Pyrodinium bahamense, plate, 1906, J. Phycol., 5, 140–149, 1969.
Williams, G. L., Fensome, R. A., and MacRae, R. A.: The Lentin and Williams index of fossil dinoflagellates 2017 edition, American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Contributions Series, 48, 2017.
Zonneveld, K. A. F.: New species of organic walled dinoflagellate cysts from modern sediments of the Arabian Sea (Indian Ocean), Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno., 97, 319–337, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-6667(97)00002-X, 1997.
Zonneveld, K. A. F. and Brummer, G. J. A.: (Palaeo-)ecological significance, transport and preservation of organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts in the Somali Basin, NW Arabian Sea, Deep-Sea Res. Pt. II, 47, 2229–2256, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0967-0645(00)00023-0, 2000.
Zonneveld, K. A. F. and Jurkschat, T.: Bitectatodinium spongium (Zonneveld, 1997) Zonneveld et Jurkschat, comb. nov. from modem sediments and sediment trap samples of the Arabian sea (northwestern Indian Ocean): Taxonomy and ecological affinity, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno., 106, 153–169, https://doi.org/10.1016/s0034-6667(99)00007-x, 1999.
Zonneveld, K. A. F. and Pospelova, V.: A determination key for modern dinoflagellate cysts, Palynology, 39, 387–409, https://doi.org/10.1080/01916122.2014.990115, 2015.
Zonneveld, K. A. F., Susek, E., and Fischer, G.: Seasonal variability of the organic-walled dinoflagellate cyst production in the coastal upwelling region off Cape Blanc (Mauritania): A five-year survey, J. Phycol., 46, 202–215, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2009.00799.x, 2010.
Zonneveld, K. A. F., Marret, F., Versteegh, G. J. M., Bogus, K., Bonnet, S., Bouimetarhan, I., Crouch, E., de Vernal, A., Elshanawany, R., Edwards, L., Esper, O., Forke, S., Grøsfjeld, K., Henry, M., Holzwarth, U., Kielt, J. F., Kim, S. Y., Ladouceur, S., Ledu, D., Chen, L., Limoges, A., Londeix, L., Lu, S. H., Mahmoud, M. S., Marino, G., Matsuoka, K., Matthiessen, J., Mildenhal, D. C., Mudie, P., Neil, H. L., Pospelova, V., Qi, Y. Z., Radi, T., Richerol, T., Rochon, A., Sangiorgi, F., Solignac, S., Turon, J. L., Verleye, T., Wang, Y., Wang, Z. H., and Young, M.: Atlas of modern dinoflagellate cyst distribution based on 2405 data points, Rev. Palaeobot. Palyno., 191, 1–197, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revpalbo.2012.08.003, 2013.
Short summary
We document 2.5 yr of dinoflagellate cyst production in the Cariaco Basin using a sediment trap record. Each species' production pattern is interpreted in the context of the physico-chemical (e.g., temperature, nutrients) and biological (other planktonic groups) environment. Most species respond positively to upwelling, but seem to be negatively impacted by an El Niño event with a 1-year lag. This work helps understanding dinoflagellate ecology and interpreting fossil assemblages in sediments.
We document 2.5 yr of dinoflagellate cyst production in the Cariaco Basin using a sediment trap...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint