Biogeosciences www.biogeosciences.net 1726-4170 1726-4189 7 2 2010 10.5194/bg-7-537-2010 http://www.biogeosciences.net/7/537/2010/ http://www.biogeosciences.net/7/537/2010/bg-7-537-2010.html http://www.biogeosciences.net/7/537/2010/bg-7-537-2010.pdf 537 556 2010-02-08 The annual ammonia budget of fertilised cut grassland – Part 2: Seasonal variations and compensation point modeling C. R. Flechard chris.flechard@rennes.inra.fr C. Spirig A. Neftel C. Ammann INRA, Soils, Agro- and hydro-Systems (SAS) Unit, 65, rue de St.-Brieuc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon ART, Swiss Federal Research Station, Reckenholzstrasse 191, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland The net annual NH₃ exchange budget of a fertilised, cut grassland in Central Switzerland is presented. The observation-based budget was computed from semi-continuous micrometeorological fluxes over a time period of 16 months and using a process-based gap-filling procedure. The data for emission peak events following the application of cattle slurry and for background exchange were analysed separately to distinguish short-term perturbations from longer-term ecosystem functioning. A canopy compensation point model of background exchange is parameterised on the basis of measured data and applied for the purposes of gap-filling. The data show that, outside fertilisation events, grassland behaves as a net sink for atmospheric NH₃ with an annual dry deposition flux of &minus;3.0 kg N ha^&minus;1 yr^&minus;1, although small NH₃ emissions by the canopy were measured in dry daytime conditions. The median &Gamma;_<i>s</i> ratio in the apoplast (=[NH₄⁺]/[H⁺]) estimated from micrometeorological measurements was 620, equivalent to a stomatal compensation point of 1.3 &mu;g NH₃ m^&minus;3 at 15 &deg;C. Non-stomatal resistance to deposition <i>R_w</i> was shown to increase with temperature and decrease with surface relative humidity, and <i>R_w</i> values were among the highest published for European grasslands, consistent with a relatively high ratio of NH₃ to acid gases in the boundary layer at this site. Since the gross annual NH₃ emission by slurry spreading was of the order of +20 kg N ha^&minus;1 yr^&minus;1, the fertilised grassland was a net NH₃ source of +17 kg N ha^&minus;1 yr^&minus;1. A comparison with the few other measurement-based budget values from the literature reveals considerable variability, demonstrating both the influence of soil, climate, management and grassland type on the NH₃ budget and the difficulty of scaling up to the national level. 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