Biogeosciences www.biogeosciences.net 1726-4170 1726-4189 6 5 2009 10.5194/bg-6-835-2009 http://www.biogeosciences.net/6/835/2009/ http://www.biogeosciences.net/6/835/2009/bg-6-835-2009.html http://www.biogeosciences.net/6/835/2009/bg-6-835-2009.pdf 835 848 2009-05-15 Rapid reorganization in ocean biogeochemistry off Peru towards the end of the Little Ice Age D. Gutiérrez dgutierrez@imarpe.gob.pe A. Sifeddine D. B. Field L. Ortlieb G. Vargas F. P. Chávez F. Velazco V. Ferreira P. Tapia R. Salvatteci H. Boucher M. C. Morales J. Valdés J.-L. Reyss A. Campusano M. Boussafir M. Mandeng-Yogo M. García T. Baumgartner Instituto del Mar del Perú (IMARPE), Dirección de Investigaciones Oceanográficas, Av. Gamarra y Gral. Valle, s/n, Chucuito, Callao, Peru Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UR Paléotropique (presently: LOCEAN, UMR 7159 CNRS-IRD-Univ. P. & M. Curie-MNHN), 32 Avenue Henri Varagnat, 93143 Bondy cedex, France Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, 7700 Sandholdt Road, Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA Departamento de Geología, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Plaza Ercilla 803, Santiago, Chile Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Km. 107 Carretera Tijuana – Ensenada, Ensenada, 22860, Mexico Biological Sciences Department, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Av. Honorio Delgado 430, Lima 31, Peru Laboratorio de Paleontología, Instituto Geológico Minero Metalúrgico, Av. Canadá 1470, Lima 41, Peru Facultad de Recursos del Mar, Universidad de Antofagasta, Casilla 170, Antofagasta, Chile Laboratoire des Sciences de Climat et de l'Environnement, UMR CEA – CNRS-Univ. Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yveline, 91 198 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTO), Université d'Orléans, 45067 Orléans, France Departamento de Geoquimica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niteroi-RJ, Brasil now at: Hawaii Pacific University, College of Natural Sciences, 45-045 Kamehameha Highway, Kaneohe, HI, 96744-5297, USA Climate and ocean ecosystem variability has been well recognized during the twentieth century but it is unclear if modern ocean biogeochemistry is susceptible to the large, abrupt shifts that characterized the Late Quaternary. Time series from marine sediments off Peru show an abrupt centennial-scale biogeochemical regime shift in the early nineteenth century, of much greater magnitude and duration than present day multi-decadal variability. A rapid expansion of the subsurface nutrient-rich, oxygen-depleted waters resulted in the present-day higher biological productivity, including pelagic fish. 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