Biogeosciences www.biogeosciences.net 1726-4170 1726-4189 6 1 2009 10.5194/bg-6-33-2009 http://www.biogeosciences.net/6/33/2009/ http://www.biogeosciences.net/6/33/2009/bg-6-33-2009.html http://www.biogeosciences.net/6/33/2009/bg-6-33-2009.pdf 33 44 2009-01-08 Bacterial diversity of autotrophic enriched cultures from remote, glacial Antarctic, Alpine and Andean aerosol, snow and soil samples E. González-Toril glezte@inta.es R. Amils R. J. Delmas J.-R. Petit J. Komárek J. Elster Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC) Ctra. Ajalvir Km. 5, 28850 Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Tebo and Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Éeské Budìjovice, Czech Republic Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement du CNRS, St Martin d'Hères, France Centro de Biología Molecular (UAM-CSIC) Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain Four different communities and one culture of autotrophic microbial assemblages were obtained by incubation of samples collected from high elevation snow in the Alps (Mt. Blanc area) and the Andes (Nevado Illimani summit, Bolivia), from Antarctic aerosol (French station Dumont d'Urville) and a maritime Antarctic soil (King George Island, South Shetlands, Uruguay Station Artigas), in a minimal mineral (oligotrophic) media. Molecular analysis of more than 200 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that all cultured cells belong to the <i>Bacteria</i> domain. Phylogenetic comparison with the currently available rDNA database allowed sequences belonging to <i>Proteobacteria Alpha-, Beta- and Gamma-proteobacteria</i>), <i>Actinobacteria</i> and <i>Bacteroidetes</i> phyla to be identified. The Andes snow culture was the richest in bacterial diversity (eight microorganisms identified) and the marine Antarctic soil the poorest (only one). Snow samples from Col du Midi (Alps) and the Andes shared the highest number of identified microorganisms (<i>Agrobacterium</i>, <i>Limnobacter</i>, <i>Aquiflexus</i> and two uncultured <i>Alphaproteobacteria</i> clones). These two sampling sites also shared four sequences with the Antarctic aerosol sample (<i>Limnobacter</i>, <i>Pseudonocardia</i> and an uncultured <i>Alphaproteobacteria</i>clone). The only microorganism identified in the Antarctica soil (<i>Brevundimonas</i> sp.) was also detected in the Antarctic aerosol. 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