Biogeosciences www.biogeosciences.net 1726-4170 1726-4189 6 10 2009 10.5194/bg-6-2121-2009 http://www.biogeosciences.net/6/2121/2009/ http://www.biogeosciences.net/6/2121/2009/bg-6-2121-2009.html http://www.biogeosciences.net/6/2121/2009/bg-6-2121-2009.pdf 2121 2133 2009-10-08 Technical Note: Approaches and software tools to investigate the impact of ocean acidification J.-P. Gattuso gattuso@obs-vlfr.fr H. Lavigne CNRS-INSU, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, BP 28, 06234 Villefranche-sur-Mer Cedex, France Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, Observatoire Océanologique de Villefranche, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer Cedex, France Although future changes in the seawater carbonate chemistry are well constrained, their impact on marine organisms and ecosystems remains poorly known. The biological response to ocean acidification is a recent field of research as most purposeful experiments have only been carried out in the late 1990s. The potentially dire consequences of ocean acidification attract scientists and students with a limited knowledge of the carbonate chemistry and its experimental manipulation. Hence, some guidelines on carbonate chemistry manipulations may be helpful for the growing ocean acidification community to maintain comparability. Perturbation experiments are one of the key approaches used to investigate the biological response to elevated pCO₂. They are based on measurements of physiological or metabolic processes in organisms and communities exposed to seawater with normal or altered carbonate chemistry. Seawater chemistry can be manipulated in different ways depending on the facilities available and on the question being addressed. 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