Biogeosciences www.biogeosciences.net 1726-4170 1726-4189 6 9 2009 10.5194/bg-6-1917-2009 http://www.biogeosciences.net/6/1917/2009/ http://www.biogeosciences.net/6/1917/2009/bg-6-1917-2009.html http://www.biogeosciences.net/6/1917/2009/bg-6-1917-2009.pdf 1917 1925 2009-09-23 Planktic foraminiferal shell thinning in the Arabian Sea due to anthropogenic ocean acidification? H. de Moel hans.de.moel@ivm.vu.nl G. M. Ganssen F. J. C. Peeters S. J. A. Jung D. Kroon G. J. A. Brummer R. E. Zeebe Department of Paleoclimatology and Geomorphology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands Institute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JW, UK Department of Marine Geology, Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB, Den Burg, The Netherlands School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, Department of Oceanography, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1000 Pope Road, MSB504, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA About one third of the anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO₂) released into the atmosphere in the past two centuries has been taken up by the ocean. As CO₂ invades the surface ocean, carbonate ion concentrations and pH are lowered. Laboratory studies indicate that this reduces the calcification rates of marine calcifying organisms, including planktic foraminifera. Such a reduction in calcification resulting from anthropogenic CO₂ emissions has not been observed, or quantified in the field yet. Here we present the findings of a study in the Western Arabian Sea that uses shells of the surface water dwelling planktic foraminifer <i>Globigerinoides ruber</i> in order to test the hypothesis that anthropogenically induced acidification has reduced shell calcification of this species. We found that light, thin-walled shells from the surface sediment are younger (based on ¹⁴C and &delta;¹³C measurements) than the heavier, thicker-walled shells. Shells in the upper, bioturbated, sediment layer were significantly lighter compared to shells found below this layer. These observations are consistent with a scenario where anthropogenically induced ocean acidification reduced the rate at which foraminifera calcify, resulting in lighter shells. On the other hand, we show that seasonal upwelling in the area also influences their calcification and the stable isotope (&delta;¹³C and &delta;¹⁸O) signatures recorded by the foraminifera shells. Plankton tow and sediment trap data show that lighter shells were produced during upwelling and heavier ones during non-upwelling periods. Seasonality alone, however, cannot explain the ¹⁴C results, or the increase in shell weight below the bioturbated sediment layer. 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