Biogeosciences
www.biogeosciences.net
1726-4170
1726-4189
6
8
2009
10.5194/bg-6-1681-2009
http://www.biogeosciences.net/6/1681/2009/
http://www.biogeosciences.net/6/1681/2009/bg-6-1681-2009.html
http://www.biogeosciences.net/6/1681/2009/bg-6-1681-2009.pdf
1681
1694
2009-08-19
Growth phase dependent hydrogen isotopic fractionation in alkenone-producing haptophytes
M. D. Wolhowe
mwolhowe@coas.oregonstate.edu
F. G. Prahl
I. Probert
M. Maldonado
College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis OR, USA
Station Biologique de Roscoff, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Roscoff, France
Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver B.C., Canada
Recent works have investigated use of the hydrogen isotopic composition of
C<sub>37</sub> alkenones (δD<sub>K37s</sub>, lipid biomarkers of certain
haptophyte microalgae, as an independent paleosalinity proxy. We discuss
herein the factors impeding the success of such an application and identify
the potential alternative use of δD<sub>K37s</sub> measurements as a proxy
for non-thermal, physiological stress impacts on the <i>U</i><sub>37</sub><sup><i>K'</i></sup>
paleotemperature index. Batch-culture experiments with the haptophyte
<i>Emiliania huxleyi</i> (CCMP 1742) were conducted to determine the magnitude and variability of
the isotopic contrasts between individual C<sub>37</sub> alkenones. Further
experiments were conducted with <i>Emiliania huxleyi</i> (CCMP 1742) and<i>Gephyrocapsa oceanica</i> (PZ3-1) to determine
whether, and to what extent, δD<sub>K37s</sub> varies between the
physiological extremes of nutrient-replete exponential growth and
nutrient-depleted senescence. <i>Emiliania huxleyi</i> was observed to exhibit an isotopic contrast
between di- and tri-unsaturated C<sub>37</sub> alkenones (α<sub>K37:3-K37:2</sub>≈0.97) that is nearly identical to that reported
recently by others for environmental samples. Furthermore, this contrast
appears to be constant with growth stage. The consistency of the offset
across different growth stages suggests that a single, well-defined value
for α<sub>K37:3-K37:2</sub> may exist and that its use in an isotope
mass-balance will allow accurate determination of δD values for
individual alkenones without having to rely on time- and labor-intensive
chemical separations. The isotopic fractionation between growth medium and
C<sub>37</sub> alkenones was observed to increase dramatically upon the onset of
nutrient-depletion-induced senescence, suggesting that δD<sub>K37s</sub>
may serve as an objective tool for recognizing and potentially correcting,
at least semi-quantitatively, for the effects of nutrient stress on
<i>U</i><sub>37</sub><sup><i>K'</i></sup> temperature records.
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