Biogeosciences www.biogeosciences.net 1726-4170 1726-4189 6 8 2009 10.5194/bg-6-1519-2009 http://www.biogeosciences.net/6/1519/2009/ http://www.biogeosciences.net/6/1519/2009/bg-6-1519-2009.html http://www.biogeosciences.net/6/1519/2009/bg-6-1519-2009.pdf 1519 1537 2009-08-07 Turbulence characteristics in grassland canopies and implications for tracer transport E. Nemitz en@ceh.ac.uk B. Loubet B. E. Lehmann P. Cellier A. Neftel S. K. Jones A. Hensen B. Ihly S. V. Tarakanov M. A. Sutton Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Edinburgh, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR Environnement et Grandes Cultures, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France Institute of Physics, University of Berne, Switzerland Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon Research Station ART, 8046 Zurich, Switzerland Energy Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Petten, The Netherlands Institute of Silicate Chemistry, St. Petersburg, Russia This paper is dedicated to Bernhard Lehmann who sadly passed away during the analysis of this dataset In-canopy turbulence is a required input to study pollutant cycling and chemistry within plant canopies and to link concentrations and sources. Despite the importance of grasslands worldwide, most previous work has focused on forests and crops. Here, turbulence parameters in a mature agricultural grassland canopy were measured with a combination of a small ultrasonic anemometer, hotwire anemometry and a radon (Rn) tracer technique, as part of a measurement to study ammonia (NH₃) exchange with grassland. The measurements are used to derive vertical profiles of basic turbulent parameters, for quadrant-hole analysis of the two-parametric frequency distributions of <i>u</i>'&minus;<i>w</i>' and to derive in-canopy eddy diffusivities as input for models of in-canopy tracer transport. The results are in line with previous measurements on taller canopies, but shows increased decoupling between in-canopy flow and above-canopy turbulence. The comparison of sonic anemometry and Rn measurements implies that Lagrangian time-scales must decrease sharply at the ground, with important implications for estimating the magnitude of ground-level and soil emissions from concentration measurements. 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