Biogeosciences www.biogeosciences.net 1726-4170 1726-4189 6 7 2009 10.5194/bg-6-1295-2009 http://www.biogeosciences.net/6/1295/2009/ http://www.biogeosciences.net/6/1295/2009/bg-6-1295-2009.html http://www.biogeosciences.net/6/1295/2009/bg-6-1295-2009.pdf 1295 1309 2009-07-28 Advection of NH3 over a pasture field and its effect on gradient flux measurements B. Loubet loubet@grignon.inra.fr C. Milford A. Hensen U. Daemmgen J.-W. Erisman P. Cellier M. A. Sutton Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR Environnement et Grandes Cultures, 78850 Thiverval-Grignon, France Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (Edinburgh Research Station), Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0QB, UK Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN), Postbus 1, 1755 ZG Petten, The Netherlands Inst. für Agrarökologie, Bundesforschungsanstalt für Landwirtschaft (FAL), Bundesallee 50, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany now at: Institute of Earth Sciences "Jaume Almera", CSIC, Lluis Solé i Sabarís, 08028 Barcelona, Spain Deposition of atmospheric ammonia (NH3) to semi-natural ecosystems leads to serious adverse effects, such as acidification and eutrophication. A step in quantifying such effects is the measurement of NH3 fluxes over semi-natural and agricultural land. However, measurement of NH3 fluxes over vegetation in the vicinity of strong NH3 sources is challenging, since NH3 emissions are highly heterogeneous. Indeed, under such conditions, local advection errors may alter the measured fluxes. In this study, local advection errors (ΔFz,adv) were estimated over a 14 ha grassland field, which was successively cut and fertilised, as part of the GRAMINAE integrated Braunschweig experiment. The magnitude of ΔFz,adv was determined up to 810 m downwind from farm buildings emitting between 6.2 and 9.9 kg NH3 day−1. The GRAMINAE experiment provided a unique opportunity to compare two methods of estimating ΔFz,adv: one inference method based on measurements of horizontal concentration gradients, and one based on inverse dispersion modelling with a two-dimensional model. Two sources of local advection were clearly identified: the farm NH3 emissions leading to positive ΔFz,adv ("bias towards emissions") and field NH3 emissions, which led to a negative ΔFz,adv ("bias towards deposition"). 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