Biogeosciences www.biogeosciences.net 1726-4170 1726-4189 5 3 2008 10.5194/bg-5-949-2008 http://www.biogeosciences.net/5/949/2008/ http://www.biogeosciences.net/5/949/2008/bg-5-949-2008.html http://www.biogeosciences.net/5/949/2008/bg-5-949-2008.pdf 949 968 2008-06-30 Distribution of lipid biomarkers and carbon isotope fractionation in contrasting trophic environments of the South East Pacific I. Tolosa i.tolosa@iaea.org J.-C. Miquel B. Gasser P. Raimbault C. Goyet H. Claustre International Atomic Energy Agency- Marine Environment Laboratories, 4, quai Antoine 1er, MC 98000, Monaco Laboratoire d'Océanographie et de Biogéochimie (UMR 6535 CNRS), Centre d'Océanologie de Marseille, Université de la Méditerranée, Campus de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cx 09, France BDSI, Université de Perpignan, 52 avenue Paul Alduy, 66860 Perpignan, France Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, Observatoire Océanologique, INSU/CNRS/UPMC, UMR 7093, BP 08, F 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France The distribution of lipid biomarkers and their stable carbon isotope composition was investigated on suspended particles from different contrasting trophic environments at six sites in the South East Pacific. High algal biomass with diatom-related lipids (24-methylcholesta-5,24(28)-dien-3&beta;-ol, C₂₅ HBI alkenes, C_16:4 FA, C_20:5 FA) was characteristic in the upwelling zone, whereas haptophyte lipids (long-chain (C₃₇-C₃₉) unsaturated ketones) were proportionally most abundant in the nutrient-poor settings of the centre of the South Pacific Gyre and on its easter edge. The dinoflagellate–sterol, 4&alpha;-23,24-trimethylcholest-22(<i>E</i>)-en-3&beta;-ol, was a minor contributor in all of the studied area and the cyanobacteria-hydrocarbon, C₁₇<i>n</i>-alkane, was at maximum in the high nutrient low chlorophyll regime of the subequatorial waters near the Marquesas archipelago. <br><br> The taxonomic and spatial variability of the relationships between carbon photosynthetic fractionation and environmental conditions for four specific algal taxa (diatoms, haptophytes, dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria) was also investigated. The carbon isotope fractionation factor (&epsilon;_p) of the 24-methylcholesta-5,24(28)-dien-3&beta;-ol diatom marker, varied over a range of 16% along the different trophic systems. In contrast, &epsilon;_p of dinoflagellate, cyanobacteria and alkenone markers varied only by 7–10&permil;. The low fractionation factors and small variations between the different phytoplankton markers measured in the upwelling area likely reveals uniformly high specific growth rates within the four phytoplankton taxa, and/or that transport of inorganic carbon into phytoplankton cells may not only occur by diffusion but also by other carbon concentrating mechanisms (CCM). In contrast, in the oligotrophic zone, i.e. gyre and eastgyre, relatively high &epsilon;_p values, especially for the diatom marker, indicate diffusive CO₂ uptake by the eukaryotic phytoplankton. 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