Biogeosciences www.biogeosciences.net 1726-4170 1726-4189 5 4 2008 10.5194/bg-5-1085-2008 http://www.biogeosciences.net/5/1085/2008/ http://www.biogeosciences.net/5/1085/2008/bg-5-1085-2008.html http://www.biogeosciences.net/5/1085/2008/bg-5-1085-2008.pdf 1085 1100 2008-08-01 The effect of flooding on the exchange of the volatile C₂-compounds ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetic acid between leaves of Amazonian floodplain tree species and the atmosphere S. Rottenberger B. Kleiss U. Kuhn A. Wolf M. T. F. Piedade W. Junk J. Kesselmeier jks@mpch-mainz.mpg.de Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Biogeochemistry Dept., P.O. Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Atmospheric Chemistry Dept., P.O. Box 3060, 55020 Mainz, Germany Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Caixa Postal 478, 69011-970, Manaus-Am, Brazil Max Planck Institute for Limnology, Tropical Ecology Workgroup, P.O. Box 165, 24302 Plön, Germany now at: Air Pollution and Climate Research Group, Research Station Agroscope Reckenholz-Tänikon ART, Reckenholzstr. 191, 8046 Zürich, Switzerland The effect of root inundation on the leaf emissions of ethanol, acetaldehyde and acetic acid in relation to assimilation and transpiration was investigated with 2–3 years old tree seedlings of four Amazonian floodplain species by applying dynamic cuvette systems under greenhouse conditions. Emissions were monitored over a period of several days of inundation using a combination of Proton Transfer Reaction Mass Spectrometry (PTR-MS) and conventional techniques (HPLC, ion chromatography). Under non-flooded conditions, none of the species exhibited measurable emissions of any of the compounds, but rather low deposition of acetaldehyde and acetic acid was observed instead. Tree species specific variations in deposition velocities were largely due to variations in stomatal conductance. Flooding of the roots resulted in leaf emissions of ethanol and acetaldehyde by all species, while emissions of acetic acid were only observed from the species exhibiting the highest ethanol and acetaldehyde emission rates. All three compounds showed a similar diurnal emission profile, each displaying an emission burst in the morning, followed by a decline in the evening. This concurrent behavior supports the conclusion, that all three compounds emitted by the leaves are derived from ethanol produced in the roots by alcoholic fermentation, transported to the leaves with the transpiration stream and finally partly converted to acetaldehyde and acetic acid by enzymatic processes. Co-emissions and peaking in the early morning suggest that root ethanol, after transportation with the transpiration stream to the leaves and enzymatic oxidation to acetaldehyde and acetate, is the metabolic precursor for all compounds emitted, though we can not totally exclude other production pathways. Emission rates substantially varied among tree species, with maxima differing by up to two orders of magnitude (25–1700 nmol m^−2 min^−1 for ethanol and 5–500 nmol m^−2 min^−1 for acetaldehyde). Acetic acid emissions reached 12 nmol m^−2 min^−1. The observed differences in emission rates between the tree species are discussed with respect to their root adaptive strategies to tolerate long term flooding, providing an indirect line of evidence that the root ethanol production is a major factor determining the foliar emissions. Species which develop morphological root structures allowing for enhanced root aeration produced less ethanol and showed much lower emissions compared to species which lack gas transporting systems, and respond to flooding with substantially enhanced fermentation rates and a non-trivial loss of carbon to the atmosphere. 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